Obesity-related proliferative diseases: the interaction between adipose tissue and estrogens in post-menopausal women

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Vicennati ◽  
Silvia Garelli ◽  
Eleonora Rinaldi ◽  
Sara Rosetti ◽  
Guido Zavatta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Tumor Promoter ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Focus Attention ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Obesity And Cancer ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractEpidemiological studies have shown that overweight and cancer are closely related, even though obesity alone does not apparently heighten cancer risk by the same amount. Given the low overall risk of all cancers with obesity, it is unlikely that obesity alone causes cancer, but should instead be considered as a tumor promoter. There are three main hypotheses that could explain how obesity might contribute to cancer development and growth: the inflammatory cytokines from adipose tissue hypothesis, the insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia hypothesis, and the unopposed estrogen cancer hypothesis. The link between obesity and cancer is that adipocytes constitute a major component of the tumor microenvironment for breast and abdominally metastasizing cancers, promoting tumor growth. This review will mainly focus attention on the relationship between adipose tissue, estrogens, and cancer risk.

scholarly journals Obesity and cancer

2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Pischon ◽  
Ute Nöthlings ◽  
Heiner Boeing
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Cancer Site ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Obesity And Cancer

The prevalence of obesity, defined as a BMI of ≥30·0 kg/m2, has increased substantially over previous decades to about 20% in industrialized countries, and a further increase is expected in the future. Epidemiological studies have shown that obesity is a risk factor for: post-menopausal breast cancer; cancers of the endometrium, colon and kidney; malignant adenomas of the oesophagus. Obese subjects have an approximately 1·5–3·5-fold increased risk of developing these cancers compared with normal-weight subjects, and it has been estimated that between 15 and 45% of these cancers can be attributed to overweight (BMI 25·0–29·9 kg/m2) and obesity in Europe. More recent studies suggest that obesity may also increase the risk of other types of cancer, including pancreatic, hepatic and gallbladder cancer. The underlying mechanisms for the increased cancer risk as a result of obesity are unclear and may vary by cancer site and also depend on the distribution of body fat. Thus, abdominal obesity as defined by waist circumference or waist:hip ratio has been shown to be more strongly related to certain cancer types than obesity as defined by BMI. Possible mechanisms that relate obesity to cancer risk include insulin resistance and resultant chronic hyperinsulinaemia, increased production of insulin-like growth factors or increased bioavailability of steroid hormones. Recent research also suggests that adipose tissue-derived hormones and cytokines (adipokines), such as leptin, adiponectin and inflammatory markers, may reflect mechanisms linked to tumourigenesis.

Optical Transillumination Spectroscopy of Breast Tissue to Determine the Cancer Risk in Pre- and Post-Menopausal Women

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lothar D. Lilge ◽  
Brian C. Wilson ◽  
Roberta Jong ◽  
Martin Yaffe ◽  
Norman Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal

scholarly journals Endogenous hormones and risk of invasive breast cancer in pre- and post-menopausal women: findings from the UK Biobank

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandar Tin Tin ◽  
Gillian K. Reeves ◽  
Timothy J. Key
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Invasive Breast Cancer ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Endogenous Hormones ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal

Abstract Background Some endogenous hormones have been associated with breast cancer risk, but the nature of these relationships is not fully understood. Methods UK Biobank was used. Hormone concentrations were measured in serum collected in 2006–2010, and in a repeat subsample (N ~ 5000) in 2012–13. Incident cancers were identified through data linkage. Cox regression models were used, and hazard ratios (HRs) corrected for regression dilution bias. Results Among 30,565 pre-menopausal and 133,294 post-menopausal women, 527 and 2,997, respectively, were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer during a median follow-up of 7.1 years. Cancer risk was positively associated with testosterone in post-menopausal women (HR per 0.5 nmol/L increment: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.23) but not in pre-menopausal women (pheterogeneity = 0.03), and with IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor-1) (HR per 5 nmol/L increment: 1.18; 1.02, 1.35 (pre-menopausal) and 1.07; 1.01, 1.12 (post-menopausal); pheterogeneity = 0.2), and inversely associated with SHBG (sex hormone-binding globulin) (HR per 30 nmol/L increment: 0.96; 0.79, 1.15 (pre-menopausal) and 0.89; 0.84, 0.94 (post-menopausal); pheterogeneity = 0.4). Oestradiol, assessed only in pre-menopausal women, was not associated with risk, but there were study limitations for this hormone. Conclusions This study confirms associations of testosterone, IGF-1 and SHBG with breast cancer risk, with heterogeneity by menopausal status for testosterone.

scholarly journals Breastfeeding and breast cancer: a case-control study in Southern Brazil

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1593-1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio Tessaro ◽  
Jorge U. Béria ◽  
Elaine Tomasi ◽  
Cesar G. Victora
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Community Controls ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Duration Of Breastfeeding ◽  
The Relationship

To investigate the relationship between breastfeeding and breast cancer in Southern Brazil, a case-control design was employed, with two age-matched control groups. A total of 250 cases of breast cancer were identified in women from 20 to 60 years of age, with 1,020 hospital and community controls. The main study variables were occurrence of breastfeeding and duration of breastfeeding. A multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis was employed. According to the results, breastfeeding did not have a protective effect against breast cancer. The odds ratio (OR) for women who breastfed was 0.9 (95% CI: 0.8-1.2) compared to women who did not breastfeed. For women who breastfed for six months or less, the OR was 1.0 (95% CI: 0.6-1.8). In pre-menopausal women who breastfed for more than 25 months, the OR was 0.95 (95% CI: 0.5-3.5), and in post-menopausal women OR was 1.27 (95% CI: 0.5-3.1), compared to women who had not breastfeed.

scholarly journals Adipose Tissue, Obesity and Adiponectin: Role in Endocrine Cancer Risk

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 2863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Tumminia ◽  
Federica Vinciguerra ◽  
Miriam Parisi ◽  
Marco Graziano ◽  
Laura Sciacca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Prostate Cancers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Complex Organ

Adipose tissue has been recognized as a complex organ with endocrine and metabolic roles. The excess of fat mass, as occurs during overweight and obesity states, alters the regulation of adipose tissue, contributing to the development of obesity-related disorders. In this regard, many epidemiological studies shown an association between obesity and numerous types of malignancies, comprising those linked to the endocrine system (e.g., breast, endometrial, ovarian, thyroid and prostate cancers). Multiple factors may contribute to this phenomenon, such as hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, abnormal adipokines secretion and metabolism. Among adipokines, growing interest has been placed in recent years on adiponectin (APN) and on its role in carcinogenesis. APN is secreted by adipose tissue and exerts both anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative actions. It has been demonstrated that APN is drastically decreased in obese individuals and that it can play a crucial role in tumor growth. Although literature data on the impact of APN on carcinogenesis are sometimes conflicting, the most accredited hypothesis is that it has a protective action, preventing cancer development and progression. The aim of the present review is to summarize the currently available evidence on the involvement of APN and its signaling in the etiology of cancer, focusing on endocrine malignancies.

scholarly journals Diabetes and kidney cancer risk among post-menopausal women: The Iowa women’s health study

Maturitas ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 190-196
Author(s):  
Shuo Wang ◽  
Mark D. Lo Galbo ◽  
Cindy Blair ◽  
Bharat Thyagarajan ◽  
Kristin E. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Kidney Cancer ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Iowa Women's Health Study
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document