scholarly journals Microstructure of metatitanic acid and its transformation to rutile titanium dioxide

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 627-632
Author(s):  
Xiaoping Wu ◽  
Yong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Secondary Particle ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metatitanic Acid ◽  
Primary Particles ◽  
Rutile Titanium Dioxide ◽  
First Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThe microstructure of metatitanic acid and its transformations to titanium dioxide during calcination have been investigated previously. However, the detailed microstructure of metatitanic acid has not been elucidated. Herein, we report the high-resolution scanning electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction determinations of the microstructure of metatitanic acid and its transformation to titanium dioxide during calcination. It is the first time that the detailed microstructure of metatitanic acid and its transformation to rutile titanium dioxide during calcination have been observed and elucidated. A mechanism of the transformation from metatitanic acid to crystalline titanium dioxide during calcination is described. The basic building blocks of metatitanic acid are the ultrafine crystals with an averaged diameter of a few nanometres, and these ultrafine crystals aggregate to form the porous primary particles. The primary particles further agglomerate to form the porous secondary particle. During the calcination, metatitanic acid undergoes size enlargement of ultrafine crystals, anatase–rutile transformation, merge of primary particles, and the crystal growth of titanium dioxide.

New perspectives on Nephridiacanthus major (Acanthocephala: Oligacanthorhynchidae) collected from hedgehogs in Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.M. Amin ◽  
M. Sharifdini ◽  
R.A. Heckmann ◽  
M. Zarean
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Molecular Profile ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

We describe morphological features not previously reported for this old acanthocephalan Nephridiacanthus major (Bremser, 1811 in Westrumb, 1821) Golvan, 1962 first described over 200 years ago. Our specimens were collected from long-eared hedgehog Hemiechinus auritus (Gmelin, 1770) (Erinaceidae) in Iran. We compare the morphometrics of our material with others previously reported from the same host in Iran, Russia, central Asia and Europe. Our specimens had markedly smaller proboscides, proboscis hooks and lemnisci than those reported from Russia and central Asia, but comparable measurements of other structures with specimens previously described from other collections. We document our new observations with scanning electron microscopy features not previously demonstrable by other observers and provide a chemical analysis of proboscis hooks using energy-dispersive X-ray analysis for the first time. The molecular profile of this acanthocephalan, based on 18S rDNA and cox1 genes, was generated for the first time. The phylogenetic analysis showed that N. major is placed in a clade of the family Oligacanthorhynchidae, well separated from the families Moniliformidae and Gigantorhynchidae.

scholarly journals Calcium Oxalates in Lichens on Surface of Apatite-Nepheline Ore (Kola Peninsula, Russia)

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank-Kamenetskaya ◽  
Ivanyuk ◽  
Zelenskaya ◽  
Izatulina ◽  
Kalashnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Phase Composition ◽  
Kola Peninsula ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Calcium Oxalates ◽  
Essential Questions ◽  
First Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

The present work contributes to the essential questions on calcium oxalate formation under the influence of lithobiont community organisms. We have discovered calcium oxalates in lichen thalli on surfaces of apatite-nepheline rocks of southeastern and southwestern titanite-apatite ore fields of the Khibiny peralkaline massif (Kola Peninsula, NW Russia) for the first time; investigated biofilm calcium oxalates with different methods (X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and EDX analysis) and discussed morphogenetic patterns of its formation using results of model experiments. The influence of inorganic and organic components of the crystallization medium on the phase composition and morphology of oxalates has been analyzed. It was shown that, among the complex of factors controlling the patterns of biogenic oxalate formation, one of the main roles belongs to the metabolic activity of the lithobiont community organisms, which differs significantly from the activity of its individuals.

scholarly journals Rapid Green Synthetic Protocol for Novel Trimetallic Nanoparticles

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Karthikeyan ◽  
B. Loganathan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Trisodium Citrate ◽  
Metallic Nanostructures ◽  
Structure Directing Agent ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mw Irradiation ◽  
Xrd Techniques ◽  
First Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

Metallic nanocomposites and nanotubes can be rapidly prepared under microwave irradiation (MW) from an aqueous solution of metallic precursors in the presence of trisodium citrate as a reductant. For the nanotubes nanoparticles are stabilized by poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP), a protecting agent. PVP is a typical capping and structure-directing agent used for the synthesis of various metallic nanostructures. In this work, we have demonstrated for the first time an MW irradiation approach for the synthesis of trimetallic nanocomposites and nanotubes. The resulting nanohybrids were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopic analysis, high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic analysis (EDX), and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) techniques.

Fabrication of Electrochemical Sensors Based on Nanostructured Titanium Dioxide Formed through Anodic Oxidation

2015 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 182-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolai B. Kondrikov ◽  
Antonina S. Lapina ◽  
Ilya V. Stepanov ◽  
Galina I. Marinina ◽  
Vladimir V. Korochentsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Anodic Oxidation ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Scanning Electron

The nanotubular titanium dioxide structures were prepared using anodic oxidation. The structural features of surface have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. These nanotubular titanium dioxide structures can be used as a sensor in potentiometric indication components of different types of chemical reactions.

Microstructural Characteristics of Toluene Insolubles from Coal Tar

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 637-640
Author(s):  
Dong Li ◽  
Wen Hong Li ◽  
Xiao Yan Yang ◽  
Zheng Fan ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Inorganic Elements ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Microstructural Characteristics ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Primary Particles ◽  
Rich Material ◽  
Scanning Electron

Toluene insolubles (TI) in coal tar is harmful to the downstream hydrotreating, and it may be difficult to be removed by conventional filtration. The TI is separated from coal tar which is washed by toluene and centrifugated at 2000 rpm and analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), particle size measurements, X-ray Diffraction analyses (XRD) and elemental analysis. It is concluded that TI in coal tar is present typically as globular aggregates. The primary particles range in size from less than 0.5μm to about 20μm. Characterization of TI in the coal tar showed that it is a nitrogen and oxygen rich material. TI is mainly inorganic elements representative of quartz, albite and calcite associated with kerogen material.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Enamel Nanocomposite

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilormi Biswas ◽  
Arjun Dey ◽  
Saugata Kundu ◽  
Himel Chakraborty ◽  
Anoop K. Mukhopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Young’S Moduli ◽  
Relative Differences ◽  
First Time ◽  
Microindentation Technique ◽  
Work Of Fracture ◽  
Scanning Electron

For adult Indian premolar teeth, we report for the first time ever the simultaneous evaluations of nanohardness, Young's modulus, and fracture toughness of the enamel nanocomposite. The nanohardness and Young's moduli were evaluated from near the beginning of the middle enamel region to within ~10 μm of the dentino-enamel junction (DEJ) and in the dentin region using the nanoindentation technique. The fracture toughness from near the middle of the enamel region to near the DEJ zone was measured using the microindentation technique. The deformation was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The relative differences in the extents of biomineralization in the enamel and dentin regions were studied by the energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) technique. The variations of the toughness of the enamel as a function of the toughness of the protein matrix phase have been analyzed which showed that the predicted value of the toughness of the protein present in the nanocomposite was comparable to that of other bioproteins reported in the literature. Further, the work of fracture estimated from the measured value of toughness of the enamel nanocomposite agreed well with the experimental data reported in the literature.

Synthesis of Rutile Titanium Dioxide Whiskers by Flux Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 711 ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Li Hua Zhang ◽  
Xue Ying Nai ◽  
Dong Hai Zhu ◽  
Cheng Cai Zhu ◽  
Xing Ru Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Growth Mechanism ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Flux Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron Microcopy ◽  
Rutile Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Calcined Temperature ◽  
Scanning Electron

Rutile titanium dioxide whiskers with diameter around 2μm and length up to 45μm have been successfully synthesized via a facile flux method, using anatase titanium dioxide as raw material and a mixture of ZnSO47H2O and Na2SO4 as flux. The products were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microcopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). It turned out that the calcined temperature and the type of flux addition affected the crystal phase and morphology of the final product greatly. The results showed that rutile titanium dioxide whiskers obtained at 850 °C for 4 hours had the most uniform morphology. The possible growth mechanism was briefly discussed.

Bio-Inspired Mineralization from Aqueous Solutions of Zinc Nitrate Directed by Building Blocks of DNA

2007 ◽  
Vol 1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micha Jost ◽  
Peter Gerstel ◽  
Joachim Bill ◽  
Fritz Aldinger
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Zinc Nitrate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractIn this paper, the suitability of DNA- and RNA-bases, nucleosides and nucleotides, and DNA itself as structure-directing agents for the mineralization of ZnO-based materials is discussed. Those bioorganic molecules are able to trigger the morphology of mineralization products ranging from smooth, homogenous thin films to sponge-like, sheet-like and fibrous products. Besides the investigation of morphological features by scanning electron microscopy, the structural characterization of these materials by X-ray diffraction, vibrational spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy and photoelectron spectroscopy is discussed.

Syntheses of Mesoporous ZnO and SnO2 Microspheres by Spray Reaction Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 519 ◽  
pp. 74-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Xiao Long Xu ◽  
Rong Wu ◽  
Fan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Zno Particles ◽  
Mesoporous Zno ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Synthesized Materials ◽  
First Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

For the first time, mesoporous ZnO and SnO2 spherical particles were synthesized by spray reaction (SR) process. The synthesized materials were characterized by thermo-gravimetry/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results reveal that few ZnO microspheres were formed after calcined at 700 °C while large quantity of non-spherical ZnO particles was produced. And the predominant hexagonal ZnO (h-ZnO) is attained when heated at 700 °C. Mesoporous SnO2 microspheres prepared at 800 °C possess an average size ~2.22 μm and a major tetragonal phase (t- SnO2) with crystallite size 7.8 nm.

Preparation and Photocatalytic Activity of Titanium Dioxide-Cuprous Oxide Heterostructure on Graphene

2014 ◽  
Vol 472 ◽  
pp. 739-743
Author(s):  
Jing Hua Liu ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Shuo Gu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Cuprous Oxide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Green Route ◽  
Photocatalytic Activities ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Oxide Heterostructure ◽  
Scanning Electron

We report here a facile and green route to prepare graphene-based composites with titanium dioxide-cuprous oxide heterostructure. The as-prepared hybrid was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B demonstrated that the as-prepared hybrid has high photocatalytic activities under the visible-light irradiation. We believe that the new graphene-based material would have a potential application in field of energy and sustainabliligy.

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