scholarly journals Officiating Role Influences the Physical Match Activity Profiles of Rugby League Touch Judges and Referees

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leesa Pearce ◽  
Carl Woods ◽  
Wade Sinclair ◽  
Anthony Leicht

Abstract This study investigated the effect of the officiating role on physical activity profiles of rugby league match officials during match-play. Physical performance indicators were collated from 23 match officials, resulting in 78 observations. Match officials were categorised into two groups: referees and touch judges. Microtechnology facilitated the quantification of total distance (m), relative distance (m⋅min-1), maximum velocity (m⋅s-1), the percentage of high intensity running distance (% total > 3.01 m⋅s-1), walking distance (<1 m⋅s-1), jogging distance (1.01 – 3 m⋅s-1), fast jogging distance (3.01 - 5 m⋅s-1), and sprinting distance (>5 m⋅s-1). Multivariate analysis modelled the main effect of the officiating role with follow up univariate analyses identifying significant differences. A significant effect was noted (V = 750; F(8, 66) = 24.71; p < 0.05) with referees covering a greater total distance (7767 ± 585 vs. 7022 ± 759 m), relative distance (90 ± 6 vs. 82 ± 8 m⋅min-1), jogging distance (3772 ± 752 vs. 3110 ± 553 m), and fast jogging distance (2565 ± 631 vs. 1816 ± 440 m) compared to touch judges. Touch judges covered greater distances while sprinting (1012 ± 385 vs. 654 ± 241 m). Results provide important guidance in the development of training programs for match officials.

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Sanchez-Sanchez ◽  
Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo ◽  
Manuel Carretero ◽  
Victor Martín ◽  
Daniel Hernández ◽  
...  

AbstractIn order to investigate the physical demands of widely used in soccer small-sided games (SSGs), we compared game variations performed under different interval (fixed or variable) and timing regimens (beginning or end of a training session). Twelve male players wore GPS devices during the SSGs to record total distance, relative distance, distance at different speeds, and maximum velocity variables. Four variations of SSGs (4x4) were randomly applied: beginning of a training session with fixed and variable recovery, or end of a training session with fixed and variable recovery. During the beginning or end of a training session settings with fixed recovery duration, 2-min of playing and 2-min of recovery were provided. During the beginning and end of a training session settings with variable recovery, athletes kept playing until a goal was scored, or up to 2-min if no goals were scored. Results were analysed using MANOVA. Total distance and relative distance were higher in the beginning compared to end of training sessions for both fixed and variable recovery duration (small to moderate effect sizes). Distance at various speed ranges (i.e., 13-18 km/h and >18 km/h) was higher (p ≤ 0.01) at the beginning than at the end of training sessions with variable recovery. In addition, distance >18 km/h was higher at the beginning of a training session with variable recovery than fixed recovery and at the end of a training session with variable recovery than fixed recovery. In conclusion, several physical demand characteristics are affected by the moment of SSG application, while others respond to the recovery regime during SSGs, thus providing indications to the coaches to prescribe the intended training intensity by manipulating the context.


2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 816-823
Author(s):  
Joanne Hausler ◽  
Mark Halaki ◽  
Rhonda Orr

Purpose:To investigate activity profiles of Australian rugby league players during match play by competition, position, and match outcome in the New South Wales (NSW) second-tier competitions.Methods:Eighteen NSW Cup (NSWC) and 22 National Youth Competition (NYC) players, participating in this prospective cohort study, were categorized into 3 positional groups: forwards, adjustables, and outside backs. Global positioning system devices were used to examine activity profiles (distance and relative distance covered in walking, jogging, moderate, high, very high, and sprinting speed zones and quantification of high-speed movement) during match play in 21 NSWC and 22 NYC matches (N = 339 files).Results:NSWC players performed more sprints (36.5 ± 9.3 vs 28.4 ± 9.2) and greater relative distance in moderate speed zones (18.4 ± 3.2 vs 15.8 ± 3.1 m/min) than NYC. NSWC outside backs covered greater relative distance in jogging (29.4 ± 2.9 vs 24.8 ± 2.7 m/min) and moderate speed zones (17.0 ± 2.6 vs 12.8 ± 2.8 m/min) than their NYC counterparts. Adjustables performed more sprints (39.4 ± 10.1 vs 27.0 ± 9.2), high-intensity accelerations (3.7 ± 1.4 vs 1.9 ± 1.4), and relative distance (84.8 ± 4.3 vs 88.6 ± 4.8 m/min) than forwards and greater relative distance (81.5 ± 3.8 m/min) and sprints (31.0 ± 8.0) than outside backs. Adjustables recorded greater relative distance (19.8 m/min) in moderate speed zones than forwards (16.7 ± 3.1 m/min) and outside backs (14.9 ± 2.7 m/min). Adjustables covered ~685 m more than outside backs during a win.Conclusions:This is the first study to document the activity profiles of the NSW second-tier rugby league competition. The findings underscore the elevated match demands of adjustables and indicate higher intensity of play in NSWC than NYC that may more closely resemble the demands of National Rugby League match play.


Sports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Eoin Cunniffe ◽  
Adam Grainger ◽  
Walter McConnell ◽  
Ulrik McCarthy Persson ◽  
Eamonn Delahunt ◽  
...  

This investigation aimed to compare the international level peak intensity period of male field hockey players to those experienced during professional and amateur club hockey match play. Twenty-seven players from an international squad were monitored for all activity relating to field hockey over three seasons. The peak intensity period, of 3 min duration, was extracted from match play files for international and club matches. Club matches were categorised by league standard—professional vs. amateur. The output for the peak intensity period, within positions, was compared using linear mixed models (LMMs) and post hoc pairwise comparisons. Significance levels were set as p < 0.05 and Cohen’s d was utilised for effect sizes. Competition level had a main effect on relative total distance (p < 0.05) and significant interaction effects were found between competition level and position (p < 0.05). Midfielders competing in amateur leagues and international match play completed less relative total distance than those who compete in professional leagues (−47.88 m/min, p < 0.05), (−46.06 m/min, p < 0.05) with large effect sizes reported. No other position displayed significant differences for peak periods. Match play in professional leagues provide opportunities for midfielders to experience peak intensity periods of a greater magnitude than international match play.


2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1136-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Billy T. Hulin ◽  
Tim J. Gabbett ◽  
Rich D. Johnston ◽  
David G. Jenkins

Purpose: To determine (1) how change-of-direction (COD) workloads influence PlayerLoad (PL) variables when controlling total distance covered and (2) relationships among collision workloads and PL variables during rugby league match play. Methods: Participants completed 3 protocols (crossover design) consisting of 10 repetitions of a 60-m effort in 15 s. The difference between protocols was the COD demands required to complete 1 repetition: no COD (straight line), 1° × 180° COD, or 3° × 180° COD. During rugby league matches, relationships among collision workloads, triaxial vector-magnitude PlayerLoad (PLVM), anteroposterior + mediolateral PL (PL2D), and PLVM accumulated at locomotor velocities below 2 m·s−1 (ie, PLSLOW) were examined using Pearson correlations (r) with coefficients of determination (R2). Results: Comparing 3° × 180° COD to straight-line drills, PLVM·min−1 (d = 1.50 ± 0.49, large, likelihood = 100%, almost certainly), PL2D·min−1 (d = 1.38 ± 0.53, large, likelihood = 100%, almost certainly), and PLSLOW·min−1 (d = 1.69 ± 0.40, large, likelihood = 100%, almost certainly) were greater. Collisions per minute demonstrated a distinct (ie, R2 < .50) relationship from PLVM·min−1 (R2 = .30, r = .55) and PL2D·min−1 (R2 = .37, r = .61). Total distance per minute demonstrated a very large relationship with PLVM·min−1 (R2 = .62, r = .79) and PL2D·min−1 (R2 = .57, r = .76). Conclusions: PL variables demonstrate (1) large increases as COD demands intensify, (2) separate relationships from collision workloads, and (3) moderate to very large relationships with total distance during match play. PL variables should be used with caution to measure collision workloads in team sport.


2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 703-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Billy T. Hulin ◽  
Tim J. Gabbett ◽  
Simon Kearney ◽  
Alex Corvo

Purpose: To quantify activity profiles in approximately 5-min periods to determine if the intensity of rugby league match play changes after the most intense period of play and to determine if the intensity of activity during predefined periods of match play differ between successful and less-successful teams playing at an elite standard. Methods: Movement was recorded using a MinimaxX global positioning system (GPS) unit sampling at 10 Hz during 25 rugby league matches, equating to 200 GPS files. Data for each half of match play were separated into 8 equal periods. These periods represented the most intense phase of match play (peak period), the period after the most intense phase of match play (subsequent period), and the average demands of all other periods in a match (mean period). Two rugby league teams were split into a high-success and a low-success group based on their success rates throughout their season. Results: Compared with their less-successful counterparts, adjustables and hit-up forwards from the high-success team covered less total distance (P < .01) and less high-intensity-running distance (P < .01) and were involved in a greater number of collisions (P < .01) during the mean period of match play. Conclusions: Although a greater number of collisions during match play is linked with a greater rate of success, greater amounts of high-intensity running and total distance are not related to competitive success in elite rugby league. These results suggest that technical and tactical differences, rather than activity profiles, may be the distinguishing factor between successful and less-successful rugby league teams.


2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 802-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jace A. Delaney ◽  
Grant M. Duthie ◽  
Heidi R. Thornton ◽  
Tannath J. Scott ◽  
David Gay ◽  
...  

Rugby league involves frequent periods of high-intensity running including acceleration and deceleration efforts, often occurring at low speeds.Purpose:To quantify the energetic cost of running and acceleration efforts during rugby league competition to aid in prescription and monitoring of training.Methods:Global positioning system (GPS) data were collected from 37 professional rugby league players across 2 seasons. Peak values for relative distance, average acceleration/deceleration, and metabolic power (Pmet) were calculated for 10 different moving-average durations (1–10 min) for each position. A mixed-effects model was used to assess the effect of position for each duration, and individual comparisons were made using a magnitude-based-inference network.Results:There were almost certainly large differences in relative distance and Pmet between the 10-min window and all moving averages <5 min in duration (ES = 1.21–1.88). Fullbacks, halves, and hookers covered greater relative distances than outside backs, edge forwards, and middle forwards for moving averages lasting 2–10 min. Acceleration/deceleration demands were greatest in hookers and halves compared with fullbacks, middle forwards, and outside backs. Pmet was greatest in hookers, halves, and fullbacks compared with middle forwards and outside backs.Conclusions:Competition running intensities varied by both position and moving-average duration. Hookers exhibited the greatest Pmet of all positions, due to high involvement in both attack and defense. Fullbacks also reached high Pmet, possibly due to a greater absolute volume of running. This study provides coaches with match data that can be used for the prescription and monitoring of specific training drills.


Author(s):  
Sarah Whitehead ◽  
Kevin Till ◽  
Ben Jones ◽  
Clive Beggs ◽  
Nicholas Dalton-Barron ◽  
...  

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Créange ◽  
I Serre ◽  
M Levasseur ◽  
D Audry ◽  
A Nineb ◽  
...  

We used a global positioning satellite technology odometer to determine the maximum objective walking distance capacity (MOWD) of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The MOWD correlated with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score (r2 =0.41; P < 0.0001), the MSWS-12 scale (r2 = 0.46; P < 0.0001), time to walk 10 m (r2 = 0.51; P < 0.02) and walking speed (r2 =0.75; P < 0.001). Limitation of walking capacities was measurable up to 4550 m, strikingly above the 500-m limit of the EDSS. This objective odometer is a promising tool for evaluation and follow-up of patients with MS. Multiple Sclerosis 2007; 13: 220–223. http://msj.sagepub.com


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Reuben Ben-David ◽  
Samuel Morgan ◽  
Ziv Savin ◽  
Snir Dekalo ◽  
Mario Sofer ◽  
...  

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Patients hospitalized due to gross hematuria frequently complete evaluation in the outpatient setting. The use of office flexible cystoscopy during hospitalization may lead to prompt diagnosis and treatment but can be limited due to low visualization and artifacts that can hamper diagnostic ability. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> The objective of this study was to assess flexible cystoscopy findings and yield performed in patients hospitalized due to gross hematuria. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Medical records of patients who underwent flexible cystoscopy while hospitalized during September 2018–December 2019 were reviewed. Cystoscopic findings were categorized into (1) suspicious mass in the bladder or prostate, (2) nonsuspicious changes in the bladder, and (3) nondiagnostic exam. Descriptive statistics were used to report the clinical characteristics of the study cohort and the findings of cystoscopy. Univariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify predictors of malignant findings. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The study cohort consisted of 69 patients (median age of 76 years). Initial cystoscopy findings were suspicious for malignancy in 26/69 patients (38%), nonsuspicious for malignancy in 34/69 patients (49%), and nondiagnostic in 9/69 patients (13%). The median follow-up time was 9 months (range 4–14 months). Twenty patients (29%) were diagnosed with malignancy (sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 78%). The procedure led to either diagnosis or treatment of 39 patients (57%). However, in 30 patients (43%), the initial cystoscopy did not aid in the diagnosis, led to misdiagnoses, or required a follow-up cystoscopy. On univariate analyses, none of the precystoscopy variables were predictive of bladder malignancy. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Flexible cystoscopy in the setting of acute hematuria requiring hospitalization did not lead to diagnosis or treatment in over 40% of cases. In this setting, consideration should be given to performing an upfront cystoscopy under anesthesia.


Author(s):  
Alexander Zimmerer ◽  
Mona Steinhaus ◽  
Erdmann Sickmüller ◽  
Benjamin Ulmar ◽  
Matthias Hauschild ◽  
...  

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to assess perioperative pain and mobilization after total hip arthroplasty (THA) using three different surgical approaches. Methods This was a multisurgeon, prospective, single-center cohort study. A total of 188 patients who underwent hip arthroplasty (THA) between February 2019 and April 2019 were analyzed according to the surgical approach used (direct anterior, lateral, and posterior approach). Outcome parameters were the daily walking distance during the inpatient stay, the pain level according to the visual analog scale (VAS) at rest and motion during the inpatient stay and at 6-week follow-up and the modified Harris Hips Score (mHHS) preoperatively and at 6 weeks. Results The walking distance within the groups increased significantly during the inpatient stay (p < 0.001). The DAA and posterior approach patients had a significantly longer walking distance than the lateral approach patients on the third postoperative day (DAA vs. lateral, p = 0.02; posterior vs. lateral 3, p = 0.03). DAA and posterior approach patients reported significantly less pain during motion on the third postoperative day and at 6-week follow-up than the lateral approach patients (3 postoperative day: DAA vs. lateral, p = 0.011; posterior vs. lateral, p = 0.04; 6 weeks control: DAA vs. lateral, p = 0.001; Posterior vs. lateral 3, p = 0.005). The mHHS demonstrated significant improvement within each group. However, lateral approach patients reported significantly less improvement than the DAA and posterior approach patients (DAA vs. lateral, p = 0.007; posterior vs. lateral, p = 0.021). Conclusion This study analyzed perioperative pain progression and short-term rehabilitation after THA according to the different surgical approaches. Direct anterior and posterior approaches have shown comparable improvements in pain, walking distance, and mHHS. Whether this effect persists over a longer period of time must be clarified in future studies. Study design Prospective cohort study, level of evidence, 2.


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