Soccer Small-Sided Games Activities Vary According to the Interval Regime and their Order of Presentation within the Session

AbstractIn order to investigate the physical demands of widely used in soccer small-sided games (SSGs), we compared game variations performed under different interval (fixed or variable) and timing regimens (beginning or end of a training session). Twelve male players wore GPS devices during the SSGs to record total distance, relative distance, distance at different speeds, and maximum velocity variables. Four variations of SSGs (4x4) were randomly applied: beginning of a training session with fixed and variable recovery, or end of a training session with fixed and variable recovery. During the beginning or end of a training session settings with fixed recovery duration, 2-min of playing and 2-min of recovery were provided. During the beginning and end of a training session settings with variable recovery, athletes kept playing until a goal was scored, or up to 2-min if no goals were scored. Results were analysed using MANOVA. Total distance and relative distance were higher in the beginning compared to end of training sessions for both fixed and variable recovery duration (small to moderate effect sizes). Distance at various speed ranges (i.e., 13-18 km/h and >18 km/h) was higher (p ≤ 0.01) at the beginning than at the end of training sessions with variable recovery. In addition, distance >18 km/h was higher at the beginning of a training session with variable recovery than fixed recovery and at the end of a training session with variable recovery than fixed recovery. In conclusion, several physical demand characteristics are affected by the moment of SSG application, while others respond to the recovery regime during SSGs, thus providing indications to the coaches to prescribe the intended training intensity by manipulating the context.

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Officiating Role Influences the Physical Match Activity Profiles of Rugby League Touch Judges and Referees

Journal of Human Kinetics ◽

10.1515/hukin-2017-0087 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 225-231 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Leesa Pearce ◽

Carl Woods ◽

Wade Sinclair ◽

Anthony Leicht

Keyword(s):

Performance Indicators ◽

Maximum Velocity ◽

Rugby League ◽

Relative Distance ◽

Walking Distance ◽

Match Play ◽

Total Distance ◽

Main Effect ◽

Univariate Analyses

Abstract This study investigated the effect of the officiating role on physical activity profiles of rugby league match officials during match-play. Physical performance indicators were collated from 23 match officials, resulting in 78 observations. Match officials were categorised into two groups: referees and touch judges. Microtechnology facilitated the quantification of total distance (m), relative distance (m⋅min-1), maximum velocity (m⋅s-1), the percentage of high intensity running distance (% total > 3.01 m⋅s-1), walking distance (<1 m⋅s-1), jogging distance (1.01 – 3 m⋅s-1), fast jogging distance (3.01 - 5 m⋅s-1), and sprinting distance (>5 m⋅s-1). Multivariate analysis modelled the main effect of the officiating role with follow up univariate analyses identifying significant differences. A significant effect was noted (V = 750; F(8, 66) = 24.71; p < 0.05) with referees covering a greater total distance (7767 ± 585 vs. 7022 ± 759 m), relative distance (90 ± 6 vs. 82 ± 8 m⋅min-1), jogging distance (3772 ± 752 vs. 3110 ± 553 m), and fast jogging distance (2565 ± 631 vs. 1816 ± 440 m) compared to touch judges. Touch judges covered greater distances while sprinting (1012 ± 385 vs. 654 ± 241 m). Results provide important guidance in the development of training programs for match officials.

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Consolidation Effects in a Full-Body Diving Task

Journal of Motor Learning and Development ◽

10.1123/jmld.2016-0048 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 291-303

Author(s):

Maxime Trempe ◽

Jean-Luc Gohier ◽

Mathieu Charbonneau ◽

Jonathan Tremblay

Keyword(s):

Skill Acquisition ◽

Training Session ◽

Video Camera ◽

The Body ◽

Initial Training ◽

Body Movements ◽

Training Tool ◽

Significant Performance ◽

The Moment ◽

Full Body

In recent years, it has been shown that spacing training sessions by several hours allows the consolidation of motor skills in the brain, a process leading to the stabilization of the skills and, sometimes, further improvement without additional practice. At the moment, it is unknown whether consolidation can lead to an improvement in performance when the learner performs complex full-body movements. To explore this question, we recruited 10 divers and had them practice a challenging diving maneuver. Divers first performed an initial training session, consisting of 12 dives during which visual feedback was provided immediately after each dive through video replay. Two retention tests without feedback were performed 30 min and 24 hr after the initial training session. All dives were recorded using a video camera and the participants’ performance was assessed by measuring the verticality of the body segments at water entry. Significant performance gains were observed in the 24-hr retention test (p < .05). These results suggest that the learning of complex full-body movements can benefit from consolidation and that splitting practice sessions can be used as a training tool to facilitate skill acquisition.

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Transforming Body, Emerging Utterance: Technique Acquisition at a Puppet Theater

Phenomenology & Practice ◽

10.29173/pandpr29335 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 18-31

Author(s):

Haruka Okui

Keyword(s):

Training Session ◽

Abstract Representation ◽

Puppet Theater ◽

The World ◽

The Moment ◽

Sequence Of Movements

This paper describes the moment when a new body technique is acquired, using a case study in which three puppeteers manipulate a single puppet together. Although phenomenology assumes that the world is always “already there” before reflection begins, we can still ask how a sequence of movements is acquired. Struggling to learn puppet choreography in a training session, the learner’s body encounters difficulties because it cannot easily imitate the proper movements. At the same time, the puppet master cannot easily explain those movements because he or she is so familiar with them. The communication between instructor and learner requires a kind of reflection that helps the learner transform and attain competency; this reflection is different from a dualistic disembodied form of thinking thatuses abstract representation. The focus is on the precise coordination of gestures and onomatopoeic utterances that emerge through improvisation in the learner’s trial movements. It is not just “a process of thinking,” but an experience that evokes “a synchronizing change of my own existence, a transformation of my being” (Merleau-Ponty, 1962, p. 213), through which the puppeteer facilitates his or her own body’s comprehension of new movements. Using puppetry as an example not only illuminates the phenomenon of learning a bodily skill, but also reveals the dynamics of our bodies, which can enliven our conversation, engender our transformation, and realize our being-in-the-world.

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Reduced High-Intensity-Running Rate in College Women’s Soccer When Games Are Separated by 42 Hours

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2014-0336 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 436-439 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

William P. McCormack ◽

Jay R. Hoffman ◽

Gabriel J. Pruna ◽

Tyler C. Scanlon ◽

Jonathan D. Bohner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Damage ◽

Ncaa Division I ◽

High Intensity ◽

Recovery Period ◽

Division I ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Glycogen Depletion ◽

Total Distance ◽

Competitive Season ◽

Gps Devices

Purpose:During the competitive soccer season, women’s intercollegiate matches are typically played on Friday evenings and Sunday afternoons. The efficacy of a 42-h recovery period is not well understood. This investigation was conducted to determine performance differences between Friday and Sunday matches during a competitive season.Methods:Ten NCAA Division I female soccer players (20.5 ± 1.0 y, 166.6 ± 5.1 cm, 61.1 ± 5.8 kg) were monitored with 10-Hz GPS devices across 8 weekends with matches played on Friday evenings and Sunday afternoons. The players were outside backs, midfielders, and forwards. All players had to participate in a minimum of 45 min/match to be included in the study. Average minutes played, total distance covered, total distance of high-intensity running (HIR) (defined as running at a velocity equal to or exceeding 3.61 m/s for longer than 1 s), the number of HIR efforts, and the number of sprints were calculated for each match. Data for Friday vs Sunday matches were averaged and then compared using dependent t tests.Results:No differences were seen in minutes played, distance rate, or number of sprints between Friday and Sunday matches. A significant (P = .017) decrease in rate of HIR between Friday (25.37 ± 7.22 m/min) and Sunday matches (22.90 ± 5.70 m/min) was seen. In addition, there was a trend toward a difference (P = .073) in the number of efforts of HIR between Friday (138.41 ± 36.43) and Sunday (126.92 ± 31.31).Conclusions:NCAA Division I female soccer players cover less distance of HIR in games played less than 48 h after another game. This could be due to various factors such as dehydration, glycogen depletion, or muscle damage.

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Monitoring Elite Soccer Players’ External Loads Using Real-Time Data

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2016-0516 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 1285-1287 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Steve Barrett

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

High Speed ◽

Training Session ◽

Maximum Velocity ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Data Sets ◽

Time Data ◽

Electrical Systems ◽

Locomotor Activities ◽

Physical Output

Purpose: To assess the validity of measuring locomotor activities and PlayerLoad using real-time (RT) data collection during soccer training. Methods: Twenty-nine English soccer players participated. Each player wore the same MEMS device (Micromechanical Electrical Systems; S5, Optimeye; CatapultSports, Melbourne, Australia) during 21 training sessions (N = 331 data sets) in the 2015–16 and 2016–17 seasons. An RT receiver (TRX; Catapultsports, Melbourne, Australia) was used to collect the locomotor activities and PlayerLoad data in RT and compared with the postevent downloaded (PED) data. PlayerLoad and locomotor activities (total distance covered; total high-speed running distance covered, >5.5#x00A0;m/s; total sprinting distance covered, >7 m/s; maximum velocity) were analyzed. Results: Correlations were near perfect for all variables analyzed (r = .98–1.00), with a varied level of noise between RT and PED also (0.3–9.7% coefficient of variation). Conclusions: Locomotor activities and PlayerLoad can use both RT and PED concurrently to quantify a player’s physical output during a training session. Caution should be taken with higher-velocity-based locomotor activities during RT compared to PED.

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Pulmonary lymphangitis and cancer: Prospective series of 37 patients in palliative care

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.18600 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽

pp. 18600-18600 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. A. Dettino ◽

E. M. Negri ◽

T. Pagano

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Palliative Care ◽

Short Form ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Patients With Cancer ◽

The Moment ◽

In The Beginning ◽

Minor Criteria

18600 Background: Lymphangitis of the lungs is an uncommon type of metastasis, mainly in breast, lung and gastric cancers, and has major impact in quality of life and an unfavorable prognosis. Survival is very poor: 50% in 3 and 15% in 6 months. Our objective was to evaluate prospectively quality of life in cancer patients with pulmonary lymphangitis, under palliative care. Methods: Patients with pulmonary lymphangitis, diagnosed either by lung biopsy (major criteria) or 3 minor criteria (cyto or histotologically proven cancer, clinical picture and image exam) were followed in 3 tertiary services, in a cohort series study. Primary end point was quality of life (QoL), measured with questionnaires in the beginning of the study and monthly afterwards (Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire -SGRQ- and Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey -SF36). Clinical and complementary aspects were also followed, in addition to treatment and outcome. Results: Thirty-seven patients were included from Aug/2004 to Jan/2006 - 23 female and 14 male; age from 41 to 84 (mean: 62) years. Primary tumors were: lung (20), breast (11), esophagus (2), pancreas, rectum and bone. Of those patients, 33 were able to respond QoL questionnaires in the beginning of follow-up and monthly thereafter. Median follow-up was of one month (range: 0–13); at the moment, 9 patients are still alive. Median survival was 2.5 months (range: 0,1–33), with 38% with a survival of at least 6 months. In general, QoL was poor, but improved after palliative care. Notice that values get higher as QoL improves in SF-36; however, they get lower as QoL improves in SGRQ - values were 61.5, 50.5, 61.7, and 47.5% for SGRQ and 38.1, 32.1, 32.8, 61.6 for SF36 in 0, 1, 3 and 6 months, respectively. Palliative care included: corticosteroids (65%), oxygen (51%), opioids (51%), diuretics (47%), inhalations with beta2-agonists and/or ipatropium (57%), chemo and/or hormonotherapy (51%), physical therapy (43%), antidepressants and benzodiazepines (37% each), thoracocentesis (35%), and blood transfusions. Conclusions: Even though QoL is poor and survival is short for patients with cancer lymphangitis in lungs, some improvement is possible with active palliative care. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Impact of Low Volume Velocity-Controlled vs. Repetition to Failure Resistance Training Session on Measures of Explosive Performance in a Team of Adolescents Basketball Players

Sports ◽

10.3390/sports9080115 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 115

Author(s):

Ott-Erik Kalmus ◽

Mehis Viru ◽

Brent Alvar ◽

Fernando Naclerio

Keyword(s):

Vertical Jump ◽

Training Session ◽

Maximum Velocity ◽

Adolescent Male ◽

Velocity Control ◽

Basketball Players ◽

Explosive Performance ◽

Volume Resistance ◽

Low Volume ◽

Medicine Ball

This study examined the short-term effects (post 6 h and 24 h) of two equated (70% of 1 repetition maximum (1-RM)) low volume resistance exercise protocols: (i) velocity-controlled (VC) and (ii) repetition to failure (RTF) on upper and lower body performance in competitive adolescent male basketball players. Following a randomized, counterbalanced design, ten participants (age: 16 ± 0.5 years) completed either VC or RTF separated by 72 h. VC consisted of 4 sets of 5 explosive repetitions (≥90% of the maximum velocity). RTF involved 2 sets of 10-RM (with no velocity control). Measurements of 20-m sprint, countermovement jump (CMJ) and medicine ball toss (MBT) were collected before (baseline), post 6 h and 24 h after either VC or RTF. Increases of CMJ post 6 h (VC, +6.7%; RTF, +2.4%) and MBT post 24 h (VC, +4.6%; RTF, +4.2%) were observed after both VC and RTF. Only VC potentiated CMJ after 24 h (+2.0 ± 2.3%). No other changes or differences between protocols were observed. Performing a low volume exercise protocol, either VC or RTF, induced similar potentiation effects on the vertical jump (post 6 h) and medicine ball toss (post 24 h) in adolescent basketball players. Only the VC protocol was still effective to potentiate CMJ performance after 24 h.

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Checklist and provisional atlas of singing cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Bulgaria, based on bioacoustics

Biodiversity Data Journal ◽

10.3897/bdj.8.e54424 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Tomi Trilar ◽

Ilia Gjonov ◽

Matija Gogala

Keyword(s):

Natural History ◽

National Museum ◽

North African ◽

African Species ◽

Additional Species ◽

Southern Portugal ◽

The Moment ◽

In The Beginning

The singing cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Bulgaria were poorly known. There are published records for 14 species: Cicada orni, Lyristes plebejus, Cicadatra atra, Cicadatra hyalina, Cicadatra persica, Cicadetta montana, Cicadetta mediterranea, Dimissalna dimissa, Oligoglena tibialis, Tympanistalna gastrica, Pagiphora annulata, Saticula coriaria, Tibicina haematodes and Tibicina steveni. Two species from this list were doubtful in the beginning of our study, since Tympanistalna gastrica is distributed in central and southern Portugal and Saticula coriaria is a north African species. We checked three major institutional collections housed in Sofia, Bulgaria: the National Museum of Natural History (SOFM), the Institute of Zoology (ZISB) and the Biology Faculty of Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski" (BFUS). We confirmed 11 of the species mentioned in literature, except Cicadetta mediterranea and found two additional species: Cicadatra platyptera and Cicadetta macedonica (the specimens in BFUS were bioacoustically confirmed). Based on this knowledge, we further investigated the singing cicadas of Bulgaria with the use of morphological and bioacoustic methods in the years 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2016, 2018 and 2019. We were not able to confirm the presence of Cicadatra persica and Cicadetta mediterranea, but found three additional species: Cicadetta brevipennis s. lat., Cicadetta cantilatrix and Tettigettula pygmea. Using the bioacoustic methods, we also detected unknown singing patterns, which could belong to three or four additional taxa, which need to be described. The Bulgarian fauna of singing cicadas at the moment consists of 16 confirmed and 3-4 potential species.

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Late-devonian sakhara dunite-clinopiroxenite-gabbro complex (East Magnitogorsk zone, South Urals): petrological-mineralogical features and geodynamic setting

10.35597/2313-545x-2021-7-1-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 40-53

Author(s):

T.N. Surin

Keyword(s):

Regional Analysis ◽

Island Arc ◽

Geodynamic Setting ◽

South Urals ◽

Magmatic Evolution ◽

The South ◽

The Urals ◽

Platinum Belt ◽

The Moment ◽

In The Beginning

The relevance of the work is caused by necessary regional analysis of magmatic evolution of the East Magnitogorsk belt and refnement of ideas on geodynamics of the South Urals. The geology and petrochemical-mineralogical features of the Sakhara dunite-clinopyroxenite-gabbro complex in the South Urals are characterized in the paper. Its late Frasnian age is substantiated. The composition of olivine, clinopyroxene and chromite in rocks of the complex are determined. The restite nature of dunites is proved. It is shown that rocks of the complex are similar to those of the Urals platinum belt and belong to Ural-Alaskan type. It is concluded that the complex formed in island-arc geodynamic setting and in the beginning of the formation of a mature island arc. The location of massifs of the complex is an additional argument in favor of a western dip (in the present-day coordinates) of a subduction paleozone at the moment of its formation. Crystallization diferentiation was a leading mechanism of petrogenesis of rocks of the complex.

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Influence of Pitch Size on Short-Term High Intensity Actions and Body Impacts in Soccer Sided Games

Journal of Human Kinetics ◽

10.2478/hukin-2021-0037 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 78 (1) ◽

pp. 187-196

Author(s):

Daniel Castillo ◽

Javier Raya-González ◽

Javier Yanci ◽

Filipe Manuel Clemente

Keyword(s):

Effect Size ◽

High Intensity ◽

Maximum Velocity ◽

Interaction Space ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Short Term ◽

Total Distance ◽

Individual Interaction ◽

External Training ◽

External Loads

Abstract The aim of this study was to compare external training loads between small-sided games (SSGs) and largesided games (LSGs) in soccer players. Twenty outfield soccer players (14.8 ± 0.6 years old) who competed in the Spanish U16 Provincial Division and belonged to the same team participated in the study. The soccer sided games were played at different individual interaction space (IIS) per player (i.e., SSG = 100 m2 and LSG = 200 m2) and were disputed in the same format (five-a-side plus goalkeepers) on two different pitch sizes (i.e., 38 x 26 vs. 53 x 37 m) defending an official soccer-goal. The sided games’ duration was 4 bouts of 6 min with 2 min rest intervals between bouts. The results of this study showed no meaningful differences in the total distance and intensity of accelerations and decelerations between SSGs and LSGs except for the lower distance covered at medium intensity (2.5 - 4 m·s-2) observed during LSGs (-10.2%; ES (effect size): -0.51). Players registered greater sprints, maximum velocity (Velmax) and body impacts at different intensities (i.e., I5-6g, I6-6.5g, I6.5-7g, I7-8g, I8-10g,) in LSGs in comparison to SSGs. These findings suggest that an increase in the pitch size (i.e., IIS per player) can induce higher external loads for soccer players.

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