Simplified Physical Upgrading of High-Acid Adlay Bran Ethanol Extracts by Supercritical CO2

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Qin ◽  
Hourong Chen ◽  
Yun Liu ◽  
Xiong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Simple Approach ◽  
Refining Process ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Ethanol Extraction ◽  
High Acid ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Key Steps ◽  
Optimized Conditions ◽  
Refining Processes

AbstractDeacidification is one of the key steps in oil-refining processes. This study reported a simple approach for upgrading high-acid adlay bran oil by supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction. The high-acid adlay bran oil was obtained by three-stage countercurrent ethanol extraction of adlay bran, with high free fatty acids (34 % FFAs). The FFA content in adlay bran oil reduced to 10.6 % by SC-CO2extraction under optimized conditions. Interestingly, the SC-CO2deacidification process also markedly reduced oil color value from 11.5 (Red) to 0.3 (Red) and acetone-insoluble matters in the oil from 1.56 % to 0.17 %. The results indicated solvent extraction combined with SC-CO2deacidification method could be a feasible approach to significantly upgrade high-acid adlay bran oil and simplify refining process of adlay bran oil.

Sacrificial Protection Efficiency Calculations Based on the Results of Stochastically Simulating the Parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 410 ◽  
pp. 566-571
Author(s):  
Svetlana S. Vinogradova ◽  
Ramilya F. Tazieva ◽  
Anna N. Akhmetova
Keyword(s):  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Protection Level ◽  
Protection Efficiency ◽  
Internal Surfaces ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Active Protection ◽  
Refining Processes ◽  
Sacrificial Protection

Unique corrosion conditions in oil refining processes lead to the necessity of using passive and active protection systems, aimed at preventing from damages and ensuring the correct operating conditions of machines. To prevent from the development of corrosion processes on the internal surfaces of horizontal settlers, sacrificial protection is used. Before installing such a protection, they usually calculate the number of protectors to be installed in parallel. Some inputs are stochastic by their nature, which should be considered in assessing the risk of non-achieving the required protection level. The probabilistic model proposed to calculate the parameters of sacrificial tank protection that allows performing an exploratory design based on considering various environmental aspects to decide on the efficiency of sacrificial protection and to assess the achievement of the required protection level.

scholarly journals Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Nannochloropsis sp.: A Lipidomic Study on the Influence of Pretreatment on Yield and Composition

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy Elst ◽  
Miranda Maesen ◽  
Griet Jacobs ◽  
Leen Bastiaens ◽  
Stefan Voorspoels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Fatty Acid Distribution ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Partial Hydrolysis ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Supercritical Co2 Extraction ◽  
Optimized Conditions ◽  
Chloroform Methanol

Algal lipids have gained wide interest in various applications ranging from biofuels to nutraceuticals. Given their complex nature composed of different lipid classes, a deep knowledge between extraction conditions and lipid characteristics is essential. In this paper, we investigated the influence of different pretreatments on lipid extraction with supercritical CO2 by a lipidomic approach. Pretreatment was found to double the total extraction yield, thereby reaching 23.1 wt.% comparable to the 26.9 wt.% obtained with chloroform/methanol. An increase in acylglycerides was concurrently observed, together with a nearly doubling of free fatty acids indicative of partial hydrolysis. Moreover, an alteration in the distribution of glyco- and phospholipids was noted, especially promoting digalactosyldiglycerides and phosphatidylcholine as compared to monogalactosyldiglycerides and phosphatidylglycerol. At optimized conditions, supercritical CO2 extraction provided a lipid extract richer in neutral lipids and poorer in phospholipids as compared to chloroform/methanol, though with a very similar fatty acid distribution within each lipid class.

scholarly journals Effect of the Refining Process on Total Hydroxytyrosol, Tyrosol, and Tocopherol Contents of Olive Oil

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Lucci ◽  
Valentina Bertoz ◽  
Deborah Pacetti ◽  
Sabrina Moret ◽  
Lanfranco Conte
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Refining Process ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Olive Oils ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Variation Trends

The impact of the olive oil refining process on major antioxidant compound levels was evaluated by means of UHPLC analysis of lampante olive oils collected at different stages of the refining procedure (degumming, chemical and physical flash neutralization, bleaching, and deodorization). For this purpose, the evolution of the tocopherol fraction was investigated by means of the UHPLC-FL method, while the influence of the refining process on the total hydrolyzed phenolic content was assessed by measuring hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol levels after acid hydrolysis of the phenolic extracts. Refining was found to have a marked effect on total hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol contents, as they are completely removed in the early steps of the refining procedure. In contrast, the variation trends of tocopherols are not always clear-cut, and significant decreases in content from 7% to 16% were only revealed during refining in four out of nine samples. In addition, five of the nine refined oils showed final tocopherol concentrations higher than 200 mg/kg, the limit imposed by international standards regarding the content of such compounds in commercial olive oils. This study supports the need for a revision of the International Olive Oil Council (IOC) standard relative to the limit established for tocopherol addition to refined oils to avoid possible legal and economic trade issues.

Influence of the vegetable oil refining process on free and esterified sterols

2002 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 947-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Verleyen ◽  
U. Sosinska ◽  
S. Ioannidou ◽  
R. Verhe ◽  
K. Dewettinck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Refining Process ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Esterified Sterols ◽  
Vegetable Oil Refining

scholarly journals Effects of Neutralization, Decoloration, and Deodorization on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons during Laboratory-Scale Oil Refining Process

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxiang Ma ◽  
Longkai Shi ◽  
Yulan Liu ◽  
Qiyu Lu
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Refining Process ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Security Risk ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Deodorized Oils

The influence of technological operations during oil refining process on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in neutralized, bleached, and deodorized oils was investigated on the basis of laboratory-scale study. Under the best experimental conditions, benzo[a]pyrene decreased by 85.1%, 99.7%, and 40.8% in neutralized, bleached, and deodorized oils, respectively. Total of 16 analytes decreased by 55.7%, 87.5%, and 47.7%, respectively. Bleaching with activated charcoal was the most efficient procedure to reduce PAHs in crude oil. Neutralization had a modest influence on sixteen analytes; however, deodorization was only responsible for a slight decrease in the light PAHs and heavy PAHs contents. Data obtained in this study suggest that the use of activated carbon during oil refining process is highly recommended; moreover, these results provide a useful guidance for oil refining plant to reduce security risk and ensure the quality of the vegetable oil products.

Electrothermal Fluidized Bed Furnace for Thermal Treatment of Recycled Battery Wastes

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mykhailo V. Gubynskyi ◽  
Igor V. Barsukov ◽  
Oleksiy G. Gogotsi ◽  
Sergiy S. Fedorov ◽  
Mykola V. Livitan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Granular Matter ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Refining Process ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Electric Resistance ◽  
Key Steps

An innovative technology for processing selected recycled battery wastes from large format automotive lithium-ion batteries has been developed. One of the key steps of refining process is application of thermal treatment of granular matter in a new and improved modified electrothermal fluidized bed reactor at high temperature. The reactor design is based on fluidization and increase in electric resistance leading to higher temperatiures.

scholarly journals Premium quality hydraulic oils

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Kambič
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
Refining Process ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Hydraulic Oil ◽  
Base Oils

The base of the final product is the base oil. The final product is ready for use and is a mixture of base oil (or several base oils) and additives. Additives improve the properties of the base oil. Base oils can be mineral or synthetic based. Base oils or base stocks are created from separating and cleaning up crude oil. They are one of several liquid components that are created from crude oil. The crude oil refining process will be briefly described. The American Petroleum Institute implemented a system for describing various base oil types. The result was the development and introduction of base oils group numbers. The API numbers of various base oil groups and the main differences between them will be explained. At the end, premium quality hydraulic oil and its main characteristics will be presented.

scholarly journals Obtaining of β-Sitosterol from Cardamom by Supercritical CO2 Extraction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hacer İçen ◽  
Hatice Tuğba Çelik ◽  
Mustafa Serhat Ekinci ◽  
Metin Gürü
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Supercritical Co2 Extraction ◽  
Cosmetic Industry ◽  
Co2 Flow ◽  
Optimized Conditions

Cardamom is plant of the Zingiberaceae family. It has been used for the treatment of many diseases such as migraine, bronchitis, stomach and intestinal disorders. Cardamom contains triterpenes, resins, starch and fatty compounds. Phytosterols (stigmasterol, campesterol and β-sitosterol) are a group steroid alcohol in plants. They are used food, medicine and cosmetic industry. They are protective effects against some types of cancer too. Phytosterols are found in the vegetable oil such as the spindle, corn and soybean oil. This paper deals with the maximum oil and β-sitosterol yield were investigated by means of the supercritical CO2 extraction of cardamom. The effect of operating parameters as temperature, pressure and CO2 flow rate were investigated on oil yield. The amount of β-sitosterol was analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) at optimized conditions. The optimized conditions were recorded as temperature of 40oC, pressure of 200 bar and CO2 flow rate of 4 L/min. The maximum oil yield and amount of β-sitosterol were found as 74.83 mg oil/g seed and 4.73 mg β-sitosterol/g seed cardamom under these conditions.

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