Effects of acetone extract of Cola nitida on brain sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase activity and spatial memory in healthy and streptozotocin-induced diabetic female Wistar rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aminat Omolola Imam-Fulani ◽  
Kamaldeen Olalekan Sanusi ◽  
Bamidele Victor Owoyele
Keyword(s):  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Normal Saline Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Female Wistar Rats

Abstract Background This study was carried out to investigate the effects of acetone extract of Cola nitida on brain Na+/K+-ATPase activity and spatial memory of healthy and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic female Wistar rats. Methods Forty-two female Wistar rats were used for this study and were randomly distributed into six groups (n=7). Rats in group 1 were used as control and were administered normal saline; group 2 rats were healthy rats administered 50 mg/kg of kola nut extract per day; group 3 rats were healthy rats administered 100 mg/kg of kola nut extract per day; group 4 rats were a diabetic group also administered normal saline; group 5 rats were diabetic rats administered 50 mg/kg of kola nut extract per day; and group 6 rats were diabetic rats administered 100 mg/kg of kola nut extract per day. Diabetes was induced with 50 mg/kg of STZ. After 3 weeks of administration, the spatial memories of the rats were tested using the Y-maze, followed by assay of Na+/K+-ATPase activity. Results The result shows a significant increase in Na+/K+-ATPase activity of diabetic treated groups (5 and 6) when compared with the diabetic group (4) and a significant increase in Na+/K+-ATPase activity of healthy treated groups (2 and 3) when compared with control. Also, there was a significant increase in spatial memory of the diabetic treated groups when compared with diabetic group. Conclusions This study revealed that kola nut extract has restorative effect on brain Na+/K+-ATPase activities and spatial memory of STZ-induced diabetic female Wistar rats.

scholarly journals Acute and Subchronic Toxicity Profile of a Polyherbal Drug Used in Sri Lankan Traditional Medicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Donisha Shani Niharika Keembiya Liyanagamage ◽  
Susanthi Jayasinghe ◽  
Anoja Priyadarshani Attanayake ◽  
Veranja Karunaratne
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Hot Water Extract ◽  
Acetone Extracts

A polyherbal drug composed of leaves of Murraya koenigii L. Spreng, cloves of Allium sativum L., fruits of Garcinia quaesita Pierre, and seeds of Piper nigrum L. is a popular drug which has been used by indigenous practitioners in Sri Lanka for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia. The acute toxicity assessment was conducted, following a single oral dose of 0.25–2.0 g/kg in healthy rats, and rats were observed up to 14 days. The hot water extract (1.0 g/kg) and the water : acetone extract (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 g/kg) were administered to Wistar rats for 28 days in the subchronic study. Hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activities (dose response studies) of cold water, hot water, and water : acetone extracts of the polyherbal mixture were evaluated at the doses of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 g/kg in healthy and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (70 mg/kg, ip), respectively. Acute toxicity study showed that the polyherbal drug did not cause any change in animals throughout the experimental period of 14 days. The administration of the hot water extract and the water : acetone extract of the polyherbal drug for 28 days did not produce changes in the selected biochemical and hematological parameters in Wistar rats (p > 0.05). The histological assessment corroborated the biochemical findings with no significant treatment-related changes in the kidney and liver. The treatment of polyherbal drug significantly lowered the serum glucose concentration compared to the diabetic control rats (p < 0.05) while it did not lead to a severe reduction of glucose concentration in healthy rats. The hot water and water : acetone extracts of the polyherbal drug showed a statistically significant improvement on total area under the glucose tolerance curve in diabetic rats (p < 0.05), reflecting dose-dependent antihyperglycemic effects of the drug. Based on the results, we conclude that the aforementioned antidiabetic polyherbal remedy is free of toxic/adverse effects at the equivalent human therapeutic dose in healthy Wistar rats and would be a safe therapeutic agent for long-term treatments.

scholarly journals Study on antihyperglycemic effect of bromocriptine in dexamethasone induced hyperglycemic wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 699
Author(s):  
Rekha M. B. ◽  
Basavaraj Bhandare ◽  
Satyanarayana V. ◽  
Hemamalini M. B.
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Normal Saline Group ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group B ◽  
Control Group Group

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that develops due to insulin deficiency or insulin resistance. Recent animal and human studies have reported bromocriptine to be effective in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The present study was done to evaluate the antihyperglycemic effect of bromocriptine in dexamethasone induced hyperglycemic rats.Methods: Male wistar rats were used and divided into 5 groups. Dexamethosone was used to induce hyperglycemia in group B-E. Group A was the untreated control group, group B was the standard control group, group C was the oral 10 mg/kg of bromocriptine dissolved in 0.9% normal saline, group D was the oral 20 mg/kg metformin dissolved in 0.9% normal saline, group E was the oral 10 mg/kg bromocriptine+20 mg/kg metformin dissolved in 0.9% normal saline. Fasting blood glucose, post prandial blood glucose and body weight was estimated on day 1, 15, 30.Results: It was seen that dexamethasone induced hyperglycemia and increase in body weight in male wistar rats, which were significantly controlled by oral bromocriptine and bromocriptine with metformin combination.Conclusions: Results obtained from this study showed that bromocriptine can be a promising drug with novel mechanism to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals The Effect of Prenatal Methamphetamine Exposure on Recognition Memory in Adult Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markéta Fialová ◽  
Jana Šírová ◽  
Věra Bubeníková-Valešová ◽  
Romana Šlamberová
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Novel Object Recognition ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Object Recognition Test ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Novel Object ◽  
Female Wistar Rats

The use of methamphetamine (MA) among pregnant women is an increasing world-wide health problem. Prenatal MA exposure may cause changes in foetus but the exact effects have remained unclear. The aim of this study is to present the effect of prenatal MA exposure on recognition memory in adult rats. Adult female Wistar rats were injected daily with D-methamphetamine HCl (MA; 5 mg/kg, s.c.) during the entire gestation period. Control females were treated with saline in the same regime. Adult male offspring was administrated acutely by MA (1 mg/kg i.p.) or saline 30 minutes before beginning of an experiment. For testing recognition memory two tasks were chosen: Novel Object Recognition Test (NORT) and Object Location Test (OLT). Our results demonstrate that prenatally MA-exposed animals were worse in NORT independently on an acute administration of MA in adulthood. Prenatally MA-exposed rats did not deteriorate in OLT, but after acute administration of MA in adulthood, there was significant worsening compared to appropriate control. Prenatally saline-exposed offspring did not deteriorate in any test even after acute administration of MA. Our data suggest that prenatal MA exposure in rats cause impairment in recognition memory in adult offspring, but not in spatial memory. In addition, acute administration of MA to controls did not deteriorate either recognition or spatial memory.

scholarly journals Evaluation of protective effect of myricetin, a bioflavonoid in dimethyl benzanthracene-induced breast cancer in female Wistar rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Jayakumar ◽  
P. Nirmala ◽  
B.A. Praveen Kumar ◽  
Ashok P. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Treated Animal ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Alarmingly, the incidence of breast cancer is rising rapidly in India. Aim: The present research was focused to assess the role of myricetin; a bioflavonoid in 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer in female Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: A total of 36 female Wistar rats (total 6 groups, n = 6 per group) 6 - 8 weeks old, weighing 150 gm were used in the study. DMBA was given at the dose of 7.5 mg/kg subcutaneously in the mammary region once a week for 4 consecutive weeks in group 2. Vincristine was given in the dose of 500 μg/kg intraperitonially every week for 4 consecutive weeks in group 3. Myricetin was given orally in a dose of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg in group 4, 5, and 6 respectively. The statistical significance of the data was determined using one way analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range test. Results: The result showed that myricetin increased the antioxidant levels in plasma, erythrocyte lysate, and breast tissue and was effective in preventing the oxidative damage induced by the carcinogen DMBA. Myricetin 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/oral for 120 days treated animal resulted comparable results to that of standard vincristine and control groups. Conclusions: Myricetin was found to be either equieffective or more effective than vincristine in all the parameters studied. Myricetin proved the capacity of flavonols to act as antioxidant in cells represents a potential treatment in the field of oncology.

scholarly journals Nutrient composition and ameliorative effects of Cocos nucifera products on Alloxan-induced diabetic wistar rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amadi Benjamin ◽  
Ogunka-Nnoka Charity ◽  
Amadi Peter ◽  
Ogaji Miebaka
Keyword(s):  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Coconut Milk ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Alloxan Monohydrate

Using standard methods, this study investigated the ameliorative effects of coconut products during alloxan-induced diabetic conditions. Experimental animals were divided into five groups, group 1 served as normal control rats fed only rat chow and saline, group 2 were dia-betic control rats intraperitoneally treated with 150mg/kg body weight alloxan monohydrate, group 3 were diabetic rats orally treated with 4ml/day of coconut milk, group 4 were diabetic rats orally treated with 4ml/day of coconut water, and group 5 were diabetic rats orally treat-ed with 4ml/day of a mixture of coconut milk and coconut water. The coconut products had high moisture, fats, potassium, magnesium, and sodium contents. Coconut milk exhibited the most effective glucose lowering effect, and on the 21st day. The total cholesterol was com-pletely normalized on treatment with coconut milk after alloxan induced diabetes, while the administration of the mixture of coconut milk and water had a comparable effect to administering only coconut milk on HDL, LDL, and TG. The alloxan-induced derangements on SOD, catalase and GPx were completely normalized after the coconut milk administration, while the mixture of coconut milk and water restored only SOD and GPx, and coconut water, ineffective on most of the antioxidant enzymes. Coconut water was ineffective on the RBC and HB of diabetic rats, while coconut milk and the mixture of coconut milk and water showed the most hemato-ameliorative effect. This study has shown the effectiveness of coconut products in the management of diabetes, with coconut milk the most effective.

Changes in Inflammatory Response, Redox Status and Na+, K+-ATPase Activity in Primary Astrocyte Cultures from Female Wistar Rats Subject to Ovariectomy

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-454
Author(s):  
Angela TS Wyse ◽  
Cassiana Siebert ◽  
Larissa D Bobermin ◽  
Tiago M dos Santos ◽  
André Quincozes-Santos
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Primary Astrocyte ◽  
Female Wistar Rats

Contractile proteins and sarcoplasmic reticulum in physiologic cardiac hypertrophy

1981 ◽  
Vol 241 (2) ◽  
pp. H263-H267 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Malhotra ◽  
S. Penpargkul ◽  
T. Schaible ◽  
J. Scheuer
Keyword(s):  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Calcium Uptake ◽  
Contractile Proteins ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Female Control

To study effects of physiologic hypertrophy on contractile protein ATPases and sarcoplasmic reticulum, hypertrophy was caused in female Wistar rats by a chronic swimming program. Nonhypertrophied hearts of female control sedentary rats and rats made to run on a treadmill program were also examined. The swimming program, but not the running program, resulted in a significant increase in heart weight. Actomyosin ATPase activity was also increased by 15% in the hearts of swimmers but not runners. Similar increases were observed for Ca2+-activated myosin ATPase activity and actin-activated ATPase of myosin. Sarcoplasmic reticulum from the hearts of swimmers showed increased calcium binding and calcium uptake as a function of time and of calcium concentration. Sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase activities were not altered by hypertrophy. These findings in physiologic hypertrophy contrast with those of pathologic hypertrophy in which ATPase activity of contractile proteins and calcium binding and uptake of sarcoplasmic reticulum have generally been found to be depressed.

Putative Anti-Immobility Action of Acute Insulin Is Attributable to an Increase in Locomotor Activity in Healthy Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ana G. Gutiérrez-García ◽  
Carlos M. Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Treatment Regimen ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Female Wistar Rats

<b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Anti-immobility actions of insulin in diabetic rats that are subjected to the forced swim test (FST) have been reported. In this test, low doses of antidepressants exert actions after long-term treatment, without affecting locomotor activity in healthy rats. Few studies have compared acute and chronic actions of insulin with antidepressants in healthy rats. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We hypothesized that if insulin exerts a true anti-immobility action, then its effects must be comparable to fluoxetine in both a 1-day treatment regimen and a 21-day treatment regimen in healthy, gonadally intact female Wistar rats. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The results showed that low levels of glycemia were produced by all treatments, including fluoxetine, and glycemia was lower in proestrus-estrus than in diestrus-metestrus. None of the treatments or regimens produced actions on indicators of anxiety in the elevated plus maze. Insulin in the 1-day regimen increased the number of crossings and rearings in the open field test and caused a low cumulative immobility time in the FST. These actions disappeared in the 21-day regimen. Compared with the other treatments, fluoxetine treatment alone or combined with insulin produced a longer latency to the first period of immobility and a shorter immobility time in the chronic regimen in the FST, without affecting locomotor activity, and more pronounced actions were observed in proestrus-estrus (i.e., a true anti-immobility effect). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> These results indicate that insulin does not produce a true antidepressant action in healthy rats. The purported antidepressant effects that were observed were instead attributable to an increase in locomotor activity only in the 1-day regimen.

scholarly journals Apakah Pengkayaan Lingkungan Berpengaruh terhadap Ingatan Spasial pada Tikus Jantan dan Betina?

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Sri Kusrohmaniah
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Radial Arm Maze ◽  
Mixed Design ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Mixed Design Anova

Female and male rats use different landmarks to find foods in the radial arm maze. The aim of this research was to test the effect of environmental enrichment on spatial memory of male and female rats. Twenty two male and 22 female Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) were allocated into eight groups. Spatial memory were measured after 60 days of environmental enrichment. It was hypothesized that rats in the environmentally enriched groups had better spatial memory. Analysis was done using SPANOVA (Mixed Design Anova). It was found that sex had an effect on spatial memory.

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