Business Cycle Co-movement and Trade Intensity in the Euro Area: is there a Dynamic Link?

2011 ◽  
Vol 231 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Kappler
Keyword(s):  
Business Cycle ◽  
Euro Area ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Trade Intensity ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Common ◽  
Trade Channel ◽  
Business Cycle Synchronisation

SummaryThis paper extends the recent literature that exclusively looks at the static link between bilateral trade intensity and business cycle synchronisation. A cross section augmented VAR framework with an unobservered common factor structure is used in order to apply the concept of Granger causality to test for dynamic links between variables. I conclude that although countries with intensive trade linkages also tend to have more similar business cycles in the long-run, the trade channel does not help to explain much of the short-run variation of business cycle co-movement in the euro area. The common factors have high predictive power for both business cycle co-movement and bilateral trade intensity. Thus, the paper provides evidence for the common shock view on business cycle synchronisation.

The Association Between Bank Credit Terms and Conditions and the Business Cycle in the Euro Area

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-256
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Anastasiou ◽  
Konstantinos Drakos
Keyword(s):  
Business Cycle ◽  
Euro Area ◽  
Bank Loan ◽  
Bank Credit ◽  
Monetary Policies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Loan Terms ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Business Cycle

Abstract We explored the trajectory of bank loan terms and conditions over the business cycle, where the latter was decomposed into its long-run (trend) and short-run (cyclical) components. We found that deterioration of each business cycle component leads to a significant tightening of credit terms and conditions. We found mixed results concerning the symmetry of impacts of the short and long run components. Symmetry was found between the terms and conditions on loans for small vs. large enterprises. Our findings provide very useful information to policy makers and should be taken into consideration when monetary policies are designed.

scholarly journals LABOR MARKET DYNAMICS UNDER TECHNOLOGY SHOCKS: THE ROLE OF SUBSISTENCE CONSUMPTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Sangyup Choi ◽  
Myungkyu Shim
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Business Cycle ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Structural Var ◽  
Market Dynamics ◽  
Technology Shocks ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Labor Market Dynamics ◽  
Short Run

This paper establishes new stylized facts about labor market dynamics in developing economies, which are distinct from those in advanced economies, and then proposes a simple model to explain them. We first show that the response of hours worked and employment to a technology shock—identified by a structural VAR model with either short-run or long-run restrictions—is substantially smaller in developing economies. We then present compelling empirical evidence that several structural factors related to the relevance of subsistence consumption across countries can jointly account for the relative volatility of employment to output and that of consumption to output. We argue that a standard real business cycle (RBC) model augmented with subsistence consumption can explain the several salient features of business cycle fluctuations in developing economies, especially their distinct labor market dynamics under technology shocks.

THE HOURS WORKED–PRODUCTIVITY PUZZLE: IDENTIFICATION IN A FRACTIONAL INTEGRATION SETTING

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 1593-1621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuliya Lovcha ◽  
Alejandro Perez-Laborda
Keyword(s):  
Business Cycle ◽  
Fractional Integration ◽  
Real Business Cycle ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Sampling Uncertainty ◽  
Hours Worked ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Technology Shock

A recent finding of the SVAR literature is that the response of hours worked to a (positive) technology shock depends on the assumed order of integration of the hours. In this work we relax this assumption, allowing fractional integration in hours and productivity. We find that the sign and magnitude of the estimated responses depend crucially on the identification assumptions employed. Although the responses of hours recovered with short-run (SR) restrictions are positive in all data sets, long-run (LR) identification results in negative, although sometimes not significant responses. We check the validity of these assumptions with the Sims procedure, concluding that both LR and SR are appropriate to recover responses in a fractionally integrated VAR. However, the application of the LR scheme always results in an increase in sampling uncertainty. Results also show that even the negative responses found in the data could still be compatible with real business cycle models.

scholarly journals Effects of Bilateral Real Exchange Rate on Sino-Nigeria Trade: An ARDL Cointegration Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Julio Felippe Bicudo ◽  
Nnanna P. Azu
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Bilateral Exchange ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Rate Fluctuation ◽  
Ardl Approach ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Negative Role ◽  
Balance Of Trade ◽  
Negative Balance

This research is motivated to scrutinise the effects of real bilateral exchange rate fluctuation on China-Nigeria bilateral trade, taking into consideration volatility and third country’s bilateral exchange rate effect to determine their consequences. Due to its robustness in time series analyses, an ARDL approach to co-integration was used to determine the long-and short-runs effects. Both export and import were considered separately. Outcome revealed that Nigeria’s import from China responds negatively to real bilateral exchange rate increase just as it does to its volatility. Her export to China reacts positively on both front, most especially in the short-run. Japan was integrated as a third country in this research due to her competing presence in Nigerian market. Third country’s real bilateral exchange rate play prominent but negative role in China-Nigeria trade, and is mostly effective in the long-run. With the absolute value of the co-efficient of real bilateral exchange rate greater than one, depreciating the Naira against the Renminbi will tend to ameliorate the negative balance of trade Nigeria has with China. Finally, democratic regime was found to be very essential in enhancing international business.

A Long View of the UK Business Cycle

2002 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 72-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagjit S. Chadha ◽  
Charles Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Business Cycle ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Nominal Interest Rates ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Business Cycle ◽  
The Uk ◽  
External Sector

We outline a number of ‘stylised’ facts on the UK business cycle obtained from analysis of the long-run UK annual dataset. The findings are to some extent standard. Consumption and investment are pro-cyclical, with productivity playing a dominant role in explaining business cycle fluctuations at all horizons. Money neutrality obtains over the long run but there is clear evidence of non-neutrality over the short run, particularly at the business cycle frequencies. Business cycle relationships with the external sector via the real exchange rate and current account are notable. Postwar, the price level is counter-cyclical and real wages are pro-cyclical, as are nominal interest rates. Modern general equilibrium macroeconomic models capture many of these patterns.

Exchange-Rate Volatility and Industry Trade Between Japan and China

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1850268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Bahmani-Oskooee ◽  
Scott W. Hegerty ◽  
Jia Xu
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Exchange Rate Volatility ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Exchange Rate Uncertainty ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Bilateral Trade Flows ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Export Industries

Exchange-rate risk is often thought to reduce international trade flows, but numerous theoretical and empirical analyses have pointed toward positive as well as negative effects. This is particularly true when bilateral trade flows for individual industries are estimated. In this study, we extend the literature to the case of Japanese trade with China for 110 import industries and 95 export industries. Aggregate Japanese exports, but not imports, respond to real exchange rate volatility in the long run, while most individual export and import industries respond in the short run. Although many individual Japanese import industries are affected in the long run by risk, mostly negatively, this is even more the case for exporters. A larger proportion of Japanese export industries are affected by exchange rate uncertainty for most industry sectors. Manufacturing exports are particularly vulnerable to this risk, with a large share responding negatively to increased volatility.

Business Cycle Synchronisation with(in) the Euro Area: in Search of a ‘Euro Effect’

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Weyerstrass ◽  
Bas van Aarle ◽  
Marcus Kappler ◽  
Atilim Seymen
Keyword(s):  
Business Cycle ◽  
Euro Area ◽  
Business Cycle Synchronisation

scholarly journals Recent Patterns of Economic Alignment in the European (Monetary) Union

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 362
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Gehringer ◽  
Jörg König
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Business Cycle ◽  
Euro Area ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Business Cycle Synchronization ◽  
The Common

This paper studies the process of business cycle synchronization in the European Union and the euro area. As our baseline methodology we adopt rolling window correlation coefficients of various economic indicators, observed since 2000. Among the indicators, we distinguish between real economic indicators, like the real GDP growth and unemployment, and nominal indicators, like inflation and government budget. Given the direct implication of this kind of analysis for the common monetary policy of the European Central Bank (ECB), special attention is paid to the pattern of business cycle synchronization in the core and peripheral members of the euro area. Our analysis of quarterly data covering the first two decades of the euro area shows that there was a certain synchronization tendency in the first years of the common currency. However, the European debt crisis halted the economic integration within the European Union and—even more so—within the euro area. Since the ECB can to a large extent intervene only with “one-size-fits-all” monetary policy instruments, this renders increasingly cumbersome the conduct of stabilisation policies within the euro area.

scholarly journals Cyclical Fluctuation, Growth, and Stabilization: An Empirical Investigation of Dual Policy Objectives in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richmond Sam Quarm ◽  
Mohamed Osman Elamin Busharads
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Business Cycle ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Money Supply ◽  
Macroeconomic Policy ◽  
Output Growth ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Business Cycle

In conventional economics, two types of macroeconomic policy i.e. fiscal policy and monetary policy are used to streamline the business cycle. This paper has examined the cyclical behavior of these variables over the business cycle of Bangladesh. The objective of this examination is to show whether policies (fiscal policy and monetary policy) in Bangladesh are taken with a motive to stabilize the economy or only to promote economic growth. In other words, it has examined whether the policies in Bangladesh are procyclical or countercyclical or acyclical. Hodrick Prescott (HP) filter has been used to separate the cyclical component of considered variables. Both correlation and regression-based analysis have provided that in Bangladesh government expenditure and interest rates behave procyclically, but money supply behaves acyclically over the business cycle. Besides, this paper has tried to identify the long-term as well as the short-term relationship between real GDP and the macroeconomic policy variables with the help of the Johansen cointegration test, vector error correction model (VECM), and block exogeneity Wald test. Through these analyses, this study has found that fiscal policy has a significant impact on GDP growth both in the short-run and long-run. In the case of monetary policy, although the interest rate has an impact on real output both in the short-run and long-run, the money supply has neither a short-run nor long-run effect on output growth.

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