scholarly journals Active on Many Foreign Markets: A Portrait of German Multi-market Exporters and Importers from Manufacturing Industries

2018 ◽  
Vol 238 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Capital Intensity ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Firm Characteristics ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Ceteris Paribus ◽  
Industry Affiliation

Abstract This paper uses information on more than 160 million export and import transactions by German firms from 2009 to 2012 to document the decisive role of multi-market traders that are active on many foreign markets, where a market is defined as a combination of a good traded and a country traded with. Using merged information from trade transactions and from surveys conducted by the statistical offices it is shown that, controlling for detailed industry affiliation, the number of foreign markets a firm from manufacturing industries is active on as an exporter or importer is higher in firms that are larger, older and foreign owned and that have higher labor productivity, human capital intensity and R&D intensity. With the exception of labor productivity these results are valid ceteris paribus, too. All these results from a descriptive empirical investigation are in line with hypotheses that are derived from the literature on the links between firm characteristics and the extensive margins of foreign trade.

CAUSALITY BETWEEN EXPORTS AND PRODUCTIVITY IN THE MALAYSIAN ECONOMY

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (03) ◽  
pp. 377-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
NURHANI ABA IBRAHIM
Keyword(s):  
Error Correction ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Capital Intensity ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Error Correction Mechanism

Empirical evidence linking exports and productivity growth has been mixed and inconclusive. This study re-examines the direction of the causality between them for Malaysian industries by using the error-correction mechanism and Granger causality models. In a panel of 63 manufacturing industries, for the period of 1981 to 1999, it is found that these industries support the export-led growth and the growth-driven export hypotheses. A further look into the results indicates that there are possibilities of indirect causalities between productivity growth and export through size and capital intensity, as both exports and labor productivity have bidirectional causality with size and capital intensity.

scholarly journals Wage Differentials between Foreign Multinationals and Local Plants and Worker Quality in Malaysian Manufacturing

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric D. Ramstetter
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Wage Differentials ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Capital Intensity ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Electrical Machinery ◽  
Industry Affiliation ◽  
Local Plants ◽  
Worker Quality ◽  
Capital Intensive

Using industrial census data for 2000, and smaller sets of survey data for 2001–2004, this paper examines the extent of wage differentials between medium-large (20 or more workers) foreign multinational enterprises (MNEs) and local plants in Malaysia's manufacturing industries. On average, wages in sample MNEs were higher than in local plants by two-fifths or more. In addition to being more capital-intensive and relatively large, MNEs also hired higher shares of workers in highly paid occupations and with moderate or high education. Results from large samples of 17 manufacturing industries combined suggest that statistically significant MNE–local differentials of 5%–9% persisted even after accounting for differences in worker occupation, education, and sex, plant capital intensity and size, as well as the influences of yearly fluctuations, industry affiliation, and plant location on the constants estimated. When MNE–local differentials and all slopes are allowed to vary among the 17 industries, positive and significant differentials were observed in all estimates for six industries: food and beverages, chemicals, rubber, general machinery, electrical machinery, and furniture. Positive and significant differentials were also observed in most estimates for another five industries. However, the size and significance of these differentials often varied depending on the industry and sample examined, as well as the estimation technique used.

Produktdifferenzierung in deutschen Industrieunternehmen 1995 – 2004: Ausmaß und Bestimmungsgründe / Product Diversification in German Manufacturing Enterprises 1995 – 2004: Extent and Determinants

2009 ◽  
Vol 229 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Capital Intensity ◽  
Product Diversification ◽  
Single Product ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Time Period ◽  
First Time ◽  
Total Sales

SummaryInterest in the theoretical and empirical analysis of multi-product enterprises is growing. This paper uses newly available representative longitudinal data covering the years 1995 to 2004 to document for the first time the extent of product diversification in German manufacturing enterprises and the role of single- and multi-product firms. In 2004 about 60 percent of all enterprises were multi-product firms, producing 4.4 products on average.Multi-product firms are more often found among the larger enterprises. In 2004 the share of multi-product enterprises in total sales and total exports was 81 percent and 84 percent, respectively. Enterprises producing a large number of products are a rare species - only about three percent of all firms produce more than ten different products. This extent of product diversification is rather stable over the time period under consideration. The empirical investigation demonstrates that compared to single-product firms multi-product firms are larger, have a higher productivity, and both a higher human capital intensity and research and development intensity. These characteristics of multi-product firms do exist before single-product enterprises turn to multi-product enterprises. Therefore, and in accordance with the resource view, they can be considered as determinants of product diversification at the firm level.

scholarly journals Can intellectual property rights impact directly on productivity: a case study in manufacturing industries

2014 ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Máté Domicián
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Ceteris Paribus ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Patent Rights ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Determinants Of Economic Growth

According to the institutional economics thesis the role of IPRs is one of the relevant determinants of economic growth in long run. Measures of IPRs have been limited and empirical studies have not been able to evaluate their impacts on productivity growth. The major conclusion that the author can be drawn from his estimations is that the extent to which patent rights and trademarks, ceteris paribus, positively correlated with output per capita depends on the intensity of technology.

A literature review on firms' internationalisation through e-commerce

2019 ◽  
pp. 121-143
Author(s):  
Riccardo Resciniti ◽  
Federica De Vanna
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
International Business ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
New Markets ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Relationship

The rise of e-commerce has brought considerable changes to the relationship between firms and consumers, especially within international business. Hence, understanding the use of such means for entering foreign markets has become critical for companies. However, the research on this issue is new and so it is important to evaluate what has been studied in the past. In this study, we conduct a systematic review of e-commerce and internationalisation studies to explicate how firms use e-commerce to enter new markets and to export. The studies are classified by theories and methods used in the literature. Moreover, we draw upon the internationalisation decision process (antecedents-modalities-consequences) to propose an integrative framework for understanding the role of e-commerce in internationalisation

The main directions of educational policy of Finland

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
K. E. Stupak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Education Policy ◽  
Education System ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
The State ◽  
Vocational Education And Training ◽  
State Education Policy ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
State Education

The article deals with analyzing the main streams of the education policy in Finland, which reflect the relationship between a person and society in modern socio–economic conditions. Such policy directs the system of education to change the person and his mind himself. Finland using its education system, has long before been concerned about preparing people for the future by reforming approaches to teaching in schools and higher education institutions. As a result, it has achieved world–wide recognition and top positions in various ratings have resulted. Therefore, today there is a great interest of scientists in certain issues of education functioning in Finland. Thus, G. Androshchuk, V. Butova. I. Zhernokleeva, T. Pushkareva and others study in their works the purpose and decisive role of Finland's education policy in the development of the education system. S. Grinyuk and V. Zagvozdkin pay attention to the practical the steps of reforming the Finnish system of education. T. Drobyshevsk investigates the system of providing educational services in Finland as a sector of knowledge production. L. Volynets, P. Kukharchuk consider the principles of the state education policy of Finland. L. Smolskaya examines the role of the state policy in implementing the "Finnish phenomenon"; P. Basyliuk and Yu. Kulykova, focus attention on the study of the evolution of the system of higher education in Finland; O. Scherbak reveals peculiarities of vocational education and training.

Democratization in Serbia: An Analysis of Rational Choice and Structuralist Explanations

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dunja Apostolov-Dimitrijevic
Keyword(s):  
Rational Choice ◽  
Path Dependence ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Transitional Societies ◽  
The Face

This paper explains political democratization in Post-Milosevic Serbia, utilizing two different accounts of the democratization process: one rooted in the rational choice framework and the other in structuralism. While rational choice explains the decisive role of political leadership in overcoming path dependence, the structuralist explanations show the transnational linkages that encourage democratization in the face of domestic setbacks. This particular debate between the two types of explanations represents the larger debate concerning the role of internal factors and external linkages in propelling democratization in transitional societies. The paper concludes by integrating the two sets of explanations offered by each theoretical perspective, in order to develop a coherent understanding of Serbia's democratization.   Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v9i1.240

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