scholarly journals Religious Refugees or Confessional Migrants? Perspectives from Early Modern Ireland

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
Tadhg Ó hAnnracháin
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Critical Aspect ◽  
Religious Persecution ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Church Service

Abstract Early Modern Ireland was a society deeply influenced by contrasting currents of mobility. Indeed, together with the Netherlands, it can be suggested that Ireland was the Western European society most shaped by confessional migration. Uniquely in Europe, the kingdom witnessed the effective replacement of its existing elites by immigrants whose religious affiliation marked them out as distinct from the mass of the inhabitants. As migrants into Ireland, Protestants derived substantial advantages from their religious identity. Ironically, however, it was the moment of their forced flight in 1641–42 which became a touchstone of historical memory and identity for this community, commemorated by an annual church service on 23 October, the date of the outbreak of the original rebellion. Similarly, for the Irish military, merchants and clerics who constituted the backbone of a very significant Irish Catholic diaspora during the Early Modern period, an inheritance of religious persecution became a vital and cherished aspect of identity and a critical aspect of the perception of them by their host societies, thus blurring the lines between the categories of religious refugees and confessional migrants.

Exiles Abroad

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Goodrich
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Third Order ◽  
The Third ◽  
Modern Period

Over the course of the early modern period, political and religious upheavals in England led to the formation of many different expatriate communities on the Continent and in North America. As Catholics, Protestants, Nonconformists, and Royalists lived in exile, they established three major sorts of communities: lay congregations; educational institutions; and monastic houses. Examining texts produced by and for representative examples of each group (the Marian congregation at Geneva, the English colleges at Rheims and Rome, and the Third Order Franciscan convent in Brussels), this chapter offers case studies of the way that exiled communities adapted certain forms of writing in order to develop and express a collective religious identity. In doing so, members of these groups negotiated their relationships with one another, the English nation, and the broader Continental religious community.

Reading Early Modern literature through OED3

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-39
Author(s):  
Giles Goodland
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Early Modern Literature ◽  
Oxford English Dictionary ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Loan Word ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Selection Of

We may think we know what a neologism is, but it is hard to isolate the nature of the moment in which neologizing occurs. In literature sometimes this moment is enacted for effects that may not belong to the discourses of normal communication, and these effects are compounded when it is a loan-neologism. The Early Modern period was one of increasing contact between the languages of Europe, and literature responded to this in a variety of ways. This paper looks at neologistic borrowings into English literature, using a selection of canonical authors as refracted through the Oxford English Dictionary, to see if they can tell us something about the porousness of literary language in this period. Keywords: Oxford English Dictionary; Shakespeare; Jonson; Dryden; Skelton; loan word; neologism

The General Settlement of 1577: An Aspect of Spanish Finance in the Early Modern Period

1982 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Lovett
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Total Freedom ◽  
Ease Of Access ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Second Category ◽  
Financial Groups ◽  
Imperial State

The states of sixteenth-century Europe fell into two financial groups. France and Spain, in a class of their own, enjoyed an apparently total freedom for much of the time from the normal constraints, and this in spite of their rapidly escalating debts. The other European states which made up the second category were compelled to observe far more stringent controls. The distinction between the two groups was further underlined by the question of credit. Although the Habsburg and Valois monarchs spent in a way that was both financially reckless and socially unpitying, the moneyed classes were only too eager to advance additional funds. Repeated, and sometimes spectacular, failures seemed rarely to have damped their enthusiasm. The smaller states seldom found such ease of access to credit. For most of the time they were obliged to maintain a semblance of order by sustained and sordid frugality - the bilking of minor creditors, the levying of dubious ‘loans’, or the dissipation of capital. While no strangers to these devices, France and Spain were able to operate for prolonged periods free from ordinary limitations. But even for these privileged beings the moment of truth eventually arrived. Resources were finite; and even an imperial state could exhaust the credit, if not the credulity, of its principal bankers. Such an intrusion of reality took the form of a public bankruptcy.

Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 164-166
Author(s):  
John-Mark Philo
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
English Civil War ◽  
The Political ◽  
Tudor England ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Early Modern Era ◽  
Modern Era

The conclusion draws together the main themes and concerns of the book: namely how the translation and application of Livy in Tudor England was intricately connected to the most pressing political and cultural concerns of the day. So too it reflects on Livy’s impact on the vernacular literatures of the period, including William Painter’s novellas and Shakespeare’s poetry and prose. It also underlines the fact that, rather than a diminishing interest in Livy, the seventeenth century saw the historian at the heart of the constitutional debates underpinning the English Civil War. The translation of Livy in the early-modern period, as the conclusion underlines, functioned not only as a reflection of the political concerns of the moment, but also as an active attempt to reshape, refashion, and urge forward those concerns. Though Livy’s part in the Classical Reception of the early-modern era is sometimes underplayed, it would be difficult to exaggerate the importance of Livy’s contribution to the culture and politics of sixteenth-, and indeed seventeenth-, century England.

scholarly journals Languages of Difference in the Early Modern Portuguese Empire. The Spread of “Caste” in the Indian World

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Ângela Barreto Xavier
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Social System ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Portuguese Empire ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Colonial Experience ◽  
The Moment

This essay discusses the circulation of the language of caste in the Indian world in the context of the Portuguese empire. Caste is an inevitable word in the moment of considering the Indian social system, as well as to compare it with European/Western societies. Since it was a word initially brought by the Portuguese to the Indian world, it is relevant to ask whether the Portuguese played an important role in its transformation into such a relevant social category. Six of the most important sixteenth-century narratives about the Portuguese presence in India, as well as treatises, letters, legal documents, vocabularies and dictionaries of the early-modern period will be under scrutiny in order to identify the variations of the word “casta”, its circulation in Estado da Índia, and beyond it. The analysis of these sources will also permit to understand how Portuguese colonial experience shaped the future meanings of “casta”, and therefore, the ways “casta” shaped Indian society (and not only).

Conclusion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
The Political ◽  
Spatial Concepts ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Ideological Tensions

On the evidence of the 75 palaces discussed in the book’s previous chapters, the conclusion distills four major concepts of space in the palatial architecture of the Islamic West and synthesizes their development from the arrival of Islam in in the region through the Early Modern Period. Planar, view-framing, linear, and interior understandings of space reflect answers to evolving questions about the nature of rulership during a span of history marked by dramatic shifts in power. Each concept of space makes a distinct statement about how rulers relate to society. Within the same palace, the seemingly incoherent combination of spatial concepts may articulate the political and ideological tensions of the moment. All four spatial concepts can, nevertheless, be understood as variations on the idea that space is infinite, which may be considered the uniting characteristic of Islamic palatial architecture in the western Mediterranean.

‘richesse in fassone and in fairness’: Marriage, Manhood and Sartorial Splendour for Sixteenth-century Scottish Kings

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-396
Author(s):  
Lucinda H. S. Dean
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
James Iv ◽  
The Moment

Marriage was a prominent ‘life-stage’ ritual linked to achievement of the hegemonic manly state in the early modern period: it was associated with self-control and was seen as a stabilising force against the ‘follies of youth’. James IV (1488–1513), James V (1513–1542) and James VI (1567–1625) came to the throne as minors and their weddings provided particularly potent opportunities for shaping their identity both at home and abroad. Clothing was a crucial element of the social dialogue performed by both men and women in late medieval and early modern Europe. Dress, of the royal person and of others, was a mode of display in which all three monarchs invested heavily at the moment of their weddings. By offering a comparative analysis of the investment in sartorial splendour and the use of dress and personal adornment through a gendered lens, this article demonstrates how clothing and adornments were used to make statements about both manhood and royal status by three sixteenth-century Stewart kings attempting to secure their place in the homosocial hierarchy.

Conversion and Autobiography: Telling Tales before the Roman Inquisition

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 437-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Fosi
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Religious Conversion ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Local Society ◽  
The Real ◽  
Modern Period

Abstract The goal of this article is to analyze the mechanisms used by Catholic Church authorities during the early modern period to control and repress heresies, as well as the ways in which foreign heretics were converted and eventually assimilated into local society when they came to Rome. Generally speaking, papal policies encouraged foreigners to hide their religious identity, with the aim of giving a superficial appearance of assimilation, in order to avoid any scandal. Although the guidelines established in papal bulls did allow for some exceptions, the high risk of being expelled or persecuted encouraged foreigners to present themselves before the Holy Office and disavow their religious beliefs. Their confessions before the tribunal were filed by the officials of the Inquisition according to stereotypes that filtered the memories of foreigners. How “genuine” were these stories? Do they simply respond to the expectations and manipulative tactics of the judges? The fragile boundary between true and false, between biography and autobiography, poses a question, one that always underlies any study on religious conversion: to what extent can we analyze the “real” motivations underlying any religious conversion?

From Craft to Institution: Accounting in Italy from the Middle ages to the Early Modern Period

2012 ◽  
pp. 135-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Volkova
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Medieval Italy ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Professional Field

The article describes the evolution of accounting from the simple registration technique to economic and social institution in medieval Italy. We used methods of institutional analysis and historical research. It is shown that the institutionalization of accounting had been completed by the XIV century, when it became a system of codified technical standards, scholar discipline and a professional field. We examine the interrelations of this process with business environment, political, social, economic and cultural factors of Italy by the XII—XVI centuries. Stages of institutionalization are outlined.

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