scholarly journals The status of the narrator in Modernist fiction

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-97
Author(s):  
Violeta Sotirova
Keyword(s):  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
The Self ◽  
Katherine Mansfield ◽  
Linguistic Representation ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Status ◽  
Generic Pronouns ◽  
Modernist Fiction

AbstractThis article explores hitherto unexplored complexities in the positioning of the Modernist narrator. Taking as a starting point Banfield’s ‘empty centre’ technique, the article re-evaluates the difficulties posed by this phenomenon and develops a more thorough and a sounder understanding of ‘the empty centre’. Some of the evidence for a new theory of ‘empty centre’ passages comes from pragmatics and naturally occurring discourse data. In particular, an investigation of the impersonal uses of generic pronouns, which Monika Fludernik (1993. The fictions of language and the languages of fiction: The linguistic representation of speech and consciousness. London: Routledge; 1996. Towards a natural narratology. London: Routledge) had established as key to our understanding of the technique, sheds new light on the nature of the ‘empty centre’ technique and leads to a new understanding of the status of the Modernist narrator. I propose that it is most plausible that the reader will naturalise examples of ‘the empty centre’ as stemming from the narrator. I also argue that we need to construct a new understanding of the status of the Modernist narrator which takes into account some of the central tenets of the Modernist aesthetic, those concerning subjectivity and the possibility of objectivity. Thus, what emerges from the analysis is that the self, and the narratorial figure by extension, can no longer be endowed with the power of omniscience. I will develop my theoretical explanation of ‘the empty centre’ and the positioning of the narrator in Modernist fiction with reference to a variety of examples, mainly drawn from Katherine Mansfield and Virginia Woolf.

“People Must Marry”: Queer Temporality in Virginia Woolf and Katherine Mansfield

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Haffey
Keyword(s):  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Katherine Mansfield ◽  
Mature Adult ◽  
To The Lighthouse ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Narrative Temporality ◽  
Queer Temporality

This chapter explores the queer temporalities at work in the fiction of Virginia Woolf and Katherine Mansfield. The analysis draws from the work of queer theorists who have shown the various ways in which sexuality and temporality are enmeshed, from the life schedules deemed healthy for child-rearing to the bildungsroman structure that charts the passing of time as a progression from childhood through adolescence to mature adult heterosexuality. In the fiction of both Woolf and Mansfield, normative temporalities such as these are constructed in order to be questioned, interrupted, or dismantled. This chapter specifically analyses the queer narrative temporality in Virginia Woolf’s To the Lighthouse and Katherine Mansfield’s “At the Bay.” In both Woolf’s novel and Mansfield’s story, the seeming inevitability of marriage functions as a starting point through which each author develops her own unique configuration of queer time.

Polish Romanticism

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Coghen
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Religious Belief ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
The Self ◽  
Dramatic Form ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Crucial Part

The starting point for Polish Romantics was, as for many of their Western counterparts, the focus on the self. But personal existence was represented as a worthy sacrifice for the sake of the national cause. In the aftermath of the failure of the 1830 Uprising, pessimism, melancholy, and metaphysical and political rebellion were countered by messianic ideas of the émigré poets. Idealism, led to religious belief, whether Catholicism or less orthodox systems. The confrontation of the individual with history was therefore enacted on the metaphysical plane, and presented mainly in the dramatic form, which became the domineering genre in the post-1831 period. Through the deep belief in the ethical and social roles of poetry Polish Romantics played a crucial part in preserving the national identity of their readers, truly earning the status ofwieszcz, the poet-prophet.

Katherine Mansfield and Literary Influence

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Katherine Mansfield ◽  
Anton Chekhov ◽  
Evelyn Waugh ◽  
Literary Influence ◽  
Artistic Production ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
John Middleton Murry

Katherine Mansfield and Literary Influence seeks to understand influence, a powerful yet mysterious and undertheorised impetus for artistic production, by exploring Katherine Mansfield’s wide net of literary associations. Mansfield’s case proves that influence is careless of chronologies, spatial limits, artistic movements and cultural differences. Expanding upon theories of influence that focus on anxiety and coteries, this book demonstrates that it is as often unconscious as it is conscious, and can register as satire, yearning, copying, homage and resentment. This book maps the ecologies of Mansfield’s influences beyond her modernist and postcolonial contexts, observing that it roams wildly over six centuries, across three continents and beyond cultural and linguistic boundaries. Katherine Mansfield and Literary Influence identifies Mansfield’s involvement in six modes of literary influence - Ambivalence, Exchange, Identification, Imitation, Enchantment and Legacy. In so doing, it revisits key issues in Mansfield studies, including her relationships with Virginia Woolf, John Middleton Murry and S. S. Koteliansky, as well as the famous plagiarism case regarding Anton Chekhov. It also charts new territories for exploration, expanding the terrain of Mansfield's influence to include writers as diverse as Colette, Evelyn Waugh, Nettie Palmer, Eve Langley and Frank Sargeson.

Women and Agency in Bankim’s Rajmohan’s Wife and Tagore’s The Home and The World

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manju Dhariwal ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Self ◽  
Indian English ◽  
Colonial India ◽  
English Novel ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Status Of Women

Written almost half a century apart, Rajmohan’s Wife (1864) and The Home and the World (1916) can be read as women centric texts written in colonial India. The plot of both the texts is set in Bengal, the cultural and political centre of colonial India. Rajmohan’s Wife, arguably the first Indian English novel, is one of the first novels to realistically represent ‘Woman’ in the nineteenth century. Set in a newly emerging society of India, it provides an insight into the status of women, their susceptibility and dependence on men. The Home and the World, written at the height of Swadeshi movement in Bengal, presents its woman protagonist in a much progressive space. The paper closely examines these two texts and argues that women enact their agency in relational spaces which leads to the process of their ‘becoming’. The paper analyses this journey of the progress of the self, which starts with Matangini and culminates in Bimala. The paper concludes that women’s journey to emancipation is symbolic of the journey of the nation to independence.

scholarly journals Reconciling Loss Aversion and Gain Seeking in Judged Emotions

2021 ◽  
pp. 096372142199204
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Mellers ◽  
Siyuan Yin ◽  
Jonathan Z. Berman
Keyword(s):  
Loss Aversion ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Negative Change ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Status ◽  
Positive Feelings ◽  
Negative Feelings

Is the pain of a loss greater in magnitude than the pleasure of a comparable gain? Studies that compare positive feelings about a gain with negative feelings about a comparable loss have found mixed answers to this question. The pain of a loss can be greater than, less than, or equal to the pleasure of a comparable gain. We offer a new approach to test hedonic loss aversion. This method uses emotional reactions to the reference point, a positive change, and a negative change. When we manipulated the reference point (i.e., pleasurable and painful), two distinct patterns emerged. Pain surpassed pleasure (loss aversion) when the reference point was positive, and pleasure exceeded pain (gain seeking) when the reference point was negative. A reference-dependent version of prospect theory accounts for the results. If the carriers of utility are changes from a reference point—not necessarily the status quo—both loss aversion and gain seeking are predicted. Loss aversion and gain seeking can be reconciled if you take the starting point into account.

Bioethics, Adaptive Preferences, and Judging the Quality of a Life with Disability

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-220
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Stramondo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
Clinical Ethics ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
The Self ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Adaptive Preferences ◽  
The Status

Both mainstream and disability bioethics sometimes contend that the self-assessment of disabled people about their own well-being is distorted by adaptive preferences that are only held because other, better options are unavailable. I will argue that both of the most common ways of understanding adaptive preferences—the autonomy-based account and the well-being account—would reject blanket claims that disabled people’s QOL self-assessment has been distorted, whether those claims come from mainstream bioethicists or from disability bioethicists. However, rejecting these generalizations for a more nuanced view still has dramatic implications for the status quo in both health policy and clinical ethics.

Traditions and Transformations

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-59
Author(s):  
Regina Marler
Keyword(s):  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Female Role ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Florence Nightingale ◽  
The Status ◽  
Childhood Home ◽  
Octavia Hill

Modernist, feminist, experimental: the terms we now most associate with Virginia Woolf all presuppose a break with conventions and a rejection of the status quo in art and power relations. Yet all her life, Virginia Woolf kept returning in memory to her childhood home, to the crowded Victorian family in which she was raised, where boys went to the best schools that Sir Leslie Stephen could afford, and girls, however clever or gifted, were shaped for charitable work, for motherhood, for marriage to prominent men. This obsessive turning back is a kind of pained nostalgia: a lament, a grievance, a comfort—and the engine of even her most avant-garde work. This chapter explores the traditions and assumptions of that potent childhood world, in part through the prism of three conservative female role models her mother, Julia Stephen, chose for her daughters: Mrs. Humphry Ward, Octavia Hill, and Florence Nightingale.

scholarly journals 'Critique' as Technology of the Self

2005 ◽  
pp. 97-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Sharpe
Keyword(s):  
Practical Reason ◽  
The Self ◽  
Pure Reason ◽  
Critique Of Pure Reason ◽  
Care Of The Self ◽  
The Status ◽  
Heated Debate ◽  
The Subject

This inquiry is situated at the intersection of two enigmas. The first is the enigma of the status of Kant's practice of critique, which has been the subject of heated debate since shortly after the publication of the first edition of The Critique of Pure Reason. The second enigma is that of Foucault's apparent later 'turn' to Kant, and the label of 'critique', to describe his own theoretical practice. I argue that Kant's practice of 'critique' should be read, after Foucault, as a distinctly modern practice in the care of the self, governed by Kant's famous rubric of the 'primacy of practical reason'. In this way, too, Foucault's later interest in Kant - one which in fact takes up a line present in his work from his complementary thesis on Kant's Anthropology - is cast into distinct relief. Against Habermas and others, I propose that this interest does not represent any 'break' or 'turn' in Foucault's work. In line with Foucault's repeated denials that he was interested after 1976 in a 'return to the ancients', I argue that Foucault's writings on critique represent instead both a deepening theoretical self-consciousness, and part of his project to forge an ethics adequate to the historical present.

scholarly journals La noción de cultura popular: Interés de los debates entre los 80 y 90 del siglo XX para reflexionar sobre la contemporaneidad

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Manuel Kingman
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Collective Work ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cultura Popular ◽  
The Status ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
The City ◽  
Arte Contemporáneo

ResumenEl presente artículo referencia teorías sobre la cultura popular ubicadas en las décadas del 80 y el 90 del siglo pasado, un período de reflexión pertinente y profunda en torno al término. Se visibiliza la complejidad de la noción de cultura popular, así como las distintas significaciones y sentidos que ha tenido el concepto. También se estudian ciertas entradas teóricas que son útiles para analizar la cultura popular. Se piensa en estos insumos teóricos como herramientas para reflexionar sobre las representaciones, diálogos y tensiones entre el arte contemporáneo y las manifestaciones estéticas populares.Palabras clavesCultura popular; arte contemporáneo; teoría cultural; antropologíaWork, Dialogue, Occupation and Cooperativism at Casa TomadaVictoria Rodríguez do CampoAbstractThe interdisciplinary art project Casa Tomada operates as a trigger for addressing issues of the social and artistic contemporary juncture. The fiction created by the National House of the Bicentennial, cultural space of the City of Buenos Aires, opens the way to consider alternative forms of creation in which the status of the artist's work is put in check and renewed interstices are glimpsed through the action of the multiple actors that surround the project. With illegal political action as a starting point – the forced occupation of a public space, Casa Tomada is committed to showing a multiplicity of conflicts, tensions, questions as well as possible answers, which are always contingent and applicable both to the social and the artistic spheres.KeywordsContemporary art; occupation, politics; collective work; interdisciplinarity La noción de lectura popular  interés debatekunape entre 80 y 90 siglo XX iuiarengapa contemporaniedadmandaManuel kiingman Maillallachiska:Kai articulok referenciame teoriakuna cultura kaska decadape posagchunga y  iskun chunga ialiska siglomanda, sug suma iuiarei entorno  terminomanda. Kauarenme complejidad nocionpe cultura popularpe chasallata sug rigcha significación y sentido iukarka chi concepto. Chasallata analizare sug entradakuna  teóricas valenkuna analizangapa cultura popular. Iuairenme  kai insumo teóricos herramientasina iuiarengapa representacionkunamanda, rimai tensiones arte contemporaneanope y manifestación estéticas populares. Rimangapa Ministidukuna:Cultura popular; arte contemporáneo; teoría cultural; antropologíaLa notion de culture populaire : intérêts des débats entre les années 80 et 90 du XXe siècle pour réfléchir sur la contemporanéitéManuel KingmanRésuméCet article se réfère à des théories sur la culture populaire dans les années 80 et 90 du siècle dernier, une période de réflexion pertinente et profonde sur le terme. Il présente la complexité de la notion de culture populaire, ainsi que les différentes significations et usage du concept. Il étudie également certains éléments théoriques utiles à l'analyse de la culture populaire. Nous pensons à ces apports théoriques comme outils pour réfléchir sur les représentations, les dialogues et les tensions entre l'art contemporain et les manifestations esthétiques populaires.Mots clésCulture populaire; art contemporain; théorie culturelle; anthropologie

scholarly journals Misconceptions in the health technology industry that are delaying the translation of artificial intelligence technology into relevant clinical applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-245
Author(s):  
Fabíola Macruz
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Technology Industry ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
The Status ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Technology

Abstract There is great optimism that artificial intelligence (AI), as it disrupts the medical world, will provide considerable improvements in all areas of health care, from diagnosis to treatment. In addition, there is considerable evidence that AI algorithms have surpassed human performance in various tasks, such as analyzing medical images, as well as correlating symptoms and biomarkers with the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. However, the mismatch between the performance of AI-based software and its clinical usefulness is still a major obstacle to its widespread acceptance and use by the medical community. In this article, three fundamental concepts observed in the health technology industry are highlighted as possible causative factors for this gap and might serve as a starting point for further evaluation of the structure of AI companies and of the status quo.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document