Polish Romanticism

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Coghen
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Religious Belief ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
The Self ◽  
Dramatic Form ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Crucial Part

The starting point for Polish Romantics was, as for many of their Western counterparts, the focus on the self. But personal existence was represented as a worthy sacrifice for the sake of the national cause. In the aftermath of the failure of the 1830 Uprising, pessimism, melancholy, and metaphysical and political rebellion were countered by messianic ideas of the émigré poets. Idealism, led to religious belief, whether Catholicism or less orthodox systems. The confrontation of the individual with history was therefore enacted on the metaphysical plane, and presented mainly in the dramatic form, which became the domineering genre in the post-1831 period. Through the deep belief in the ethical and social roles of poetry Polish Romantics played a crucial part in preserving the national identity of their readers, truly earning the status ofwieszcz, the poet-prophet.

scholarly journals Sociological portrait of the self-employed in contemporary Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 821-836
Author(s):  
Z. T. Golenkova ◽  
Yu. V. Goliusova ◽  
T. I. Gorina
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
Informal Employment ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Real Self

The article considers the development of self-employment in the contemporary society: the history of its representation in legal norms and practices; the scope of informal employment according to statistical and sociological data; definitions of self-employment in the scientific literature. The self-employed are usually defined as not employed in organizations but independently selling goods and services produced by themselves. The global number of the self-employed grows. The authors present an algorithm for calculating the indicator potential self-employed based on the secondary analysis of the 27th wave of the RLMS (2018), and stress the lack of a unified methodology for calculating informal employment. According to the official data, the number of the self-employed in Russia ranges from several thousands to several millions, which confuses researchers who study this phenomenon. The article focuses on the results of the study Self-Employed: Who Are They? (Moscow, 2019), whose object were not potential but real self-employed selected on the basis of online advertisements of their services in Moscow. The authors collected information with the method of semi-formalized telephone interview. Based on the collected data, the authors make conclusions about motivating and demotivating factors of self-employment: independence, freedom in planning time and activity, distrust in the state, lack of social guarantees, unpredictable legislation, and imperfect tax system. Today, the status of the self-employed in Russia is still unclear and often substitutes the individual entrepreneur status in order to apply for tax preferences.

scholarly journals Dyadic Successful Aging and the Limits of Agency

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 755-755
Author(s):  
Markus Klingel
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Late Life ◽  
The Self ◽  
Individual Agency ◽  
Dyadic Satisfaction ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Crucial Part ◽  
Over Time

Abstract With increasing life expectancy, late life has become a longer, crucial part of the individual and dyadic life course. New opportunities, tasks and decisions emerged. Successful aging norms emphasize agency and autonomy. This can be activating, but also alienating. With increasing constraints, agency is limited and ideals of autonomy become dysfunctional. This challenges also relationships. Aging, functional losses and approaching death threaten dyadic satisfaction and functionality. Potentially, successful aging norms could erode dyadic solidarity when needed the most: in late life. This mixed-methods longitudinal study combines interviews and questionnaires at three observations across five years. Its focus lies on change over time and findings at observation three. The sample consists of eight German couples (78-86 years old, 50-65 years married, high relationship satisfaction, white, urban). What does aging mean for individualized actors? How do aging couples negotiate, decide and act on aging, autonomy and death? How do successful aging norms modulate dyadic aging? Overall, actors have internalized successful aging and benefit by influencing their health positively. However, this has become ambivalent. Actors increasingly perceive their future as limited and beyond individual control. Acceptance of losses that challenge the self is difficult, autonomy ideals burdensome and death salient. As individual agency is constrained, the dyad is still a functional stronghold against aging. Yet, it has to adapt as well to – potentially differential - individual aging. Losses can and do threaten couples’ functional and emotional unity. Four patterns of self-dyad dynamics emerged and exemplify tensions between individualized and dyadic successful aging.

scholarly journals Temporal comparisons and relative temporal deprivation as causes of identity conflict and foreclosed identity

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Thisdale
Keyword(s):  
Social Roles ◽  
Unplanned Pregnancy ◽  
The Self ◽  
Identity Conflict ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Unexpected Event ◽  
Dual Identity ◽  
The Individual

The teenage years are known to be full of changes requiring the individual to adapt to the new facetsof the self. Although this adaptation differs from one person to another, it requires a reorganization of social roles and consequently a reorganization of the self. One question that often plagues teenagers is: what happens to the identity of a young teenager when an unplanned pregnancy occurs? This article, based on a review of literature, attempts to better understand the source of a dual identity conflict of two or more opposing and contradictory identities, when someone is facing a sudden and unexpected event. The example of teens as future parents will be used throughout the manuscript in order to support the proposed ideas. This manuscript also attempts to propose solutions to help resolve the dual conflicting identities that many teens struggle with when they face such situations.

scholarly journals The status of the narrator in Modernist fiction

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-97
Author(s):  
Violeta Sotirova
Keyword(s):  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
The Self ◽  
Katherine Mansfield ◽  
Linguistic Representation ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Status ◽  
Generic Pronouns ◽  
Modernist Fiction

AbstractThis article explores hitherto unexplored complexities in the positioning of the Modernist narrator. Taking as a starting point Banfield’s ‘empty centre’ technique, the article re-evaluates the difficulties posed by this phenomenon and develops a more thorough and a sounder understanding of ‘the empty centre’. Some of the evidence for a new theory of ‘empty centre’ passages comes from pragmatics and naturally occurring discourse data. In particular, an investigation of the impersonal uses of generic pronouns, which Monika Fludernik (1993. The fictions of language and the languages of fiction: The linguistic representation of speech and consciousness. London: Routledge; 1996. Towards a natural narratology. London: Routledge) had established as key to our understanding of the technique, sheds new light on the nature of the ‘empty centre’ technique and leads to a new understanding of the status of the Modernist narrator. I propose that it is most plausible that the reader will naturalise examples of ‘the empty centre’ as stemming from the narrator. I also argue that we need to construct a new understanding of the status of the Modernist narrator which takes into account some of the central tenets of the Modernist aesthetic, those concerning subjectivity and the possibility of objectivity. Thus, what emerges from the analysis is that the self, and the narratorial figure by extension, can no longer be endowed with the power of omniscience. I will develop my theoretical explanation of ‘the empty centre’ and the positioning of the narrator in Modernist fiction with reference to a variety of examples, mainly drawn from Katherine Mansfield and Virginia Woolf.

death rites: assisted suicide and existential rights

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
melanie l. williams
Keyword(s):  
Religious Belief ◽  
Assisted Suicide ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Individual Autonomy ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Lay Experience

modern life presents us with new, as well as perennial perspectives upon death. this essay explores how we might articulate an apposite conception of rights in relation to death, in a time of a declared respect for individual autonomy and waning adherence to religious belief, and considers these questions with particular reference to the challenges to law and state made by dianne pretty in the months leading up to her death. to such an applicant, with a ‘lay’ experience and apprehension of the role and meaning of law, the prognostications of the court regarding the status of the claim must have seemed surreal indeed – especially where disputable, patchwork value-systems are called upon to lend authority to the decision. the essay concludes that such peregrinations have implications not only for the individual claimant, but for the credibility of law and associated ethics and that the writings of existential philosophers on the subject of death can assist in modelling a more consistent, secular notion of ethics in relation to assisted suicide.

The Revista Ştiinţifică “Vasile Adamachi” and its role in forming national and international scientific awareness of Greater Romania, 1910–1933

2021 ◽  
pp. 007327532110549
Author(s):  
Alexandra Chiriac
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Communication Channel ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
The Self ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
National Consciousness ◽  
Slow Progress ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Insight Into

The Revista Ştiinţifică “Vasile Adamachi” (1910–1948) had aimed since its first edition to disseminate the newest achievements of science to the interested general public with the explicit intention of building national consciousness and solidarity that would forward Romania’s natural powers through science. Even though the editors of the journal had complained constantly that their efforts to promote the national scientific movement were making slow progress, they maintained their openness toward the international state of research by publishing notes and reviews of the main scientific developments worldwide. Caught between those two ideals (that of a Romanian science and of keeping up with the international scientific scene), the journal reflects the struggles, the difficulties, but also the successes of the individual researchers, acting as a two-way communication channel between science producers and consumers. It provides us with a valuable insight into the Self versus Other perception in a time when contact between the Romanian and Western European cultures was beginning to consciously evolve from mere imitation of a dominant power to the incorporation of fragmented foreign categories. It is a perfect example of ‘patchwork’, in which the native and foreign elements coexisted in a continuous process of redefining and reshaping the newly formed national identity.

scholarly journals „Vi er en nation af immigranter“: Om kollektive erindringspraksisser og immigrationsmytologi i nutidens USA

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katinka Fjeldsø Villemoes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Identity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
American National Identity ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Sense Representation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Contemporary United States

Katinka Fjeldsø Villemoes: “We Are a Nation of Immigrants”: On Collective Memory Practices, and Immigration Mythology in Contemporary United States In this article, I investigate practices of collective remembering and forgetting in the United States of America. I take as my starting point a certain period in the history of the USA, namely the extensive flows of immigrants who came to the USA in the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, and I demonstrate how this historical period is celebrated, represented and remembered in a particularly interesting manner. I argue that the romanticized tale of “the immigrants who created America” plays an important role in defining what American national identity is. The common sense representation of the immigrants who came to the USA in search of freedom and opportunity fits perfectly with today’s political and intellectual climate in the USA, because within the framework of this immigrant mythology, the individual citizen is given the opportunity to celebrate his national identity as an American, but he is also given the opportunity to celebrate his country’s ethnic, racial, cultural, and religious diversity. 

The Solidarity of Distance1

2005 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Wicklund
Keyword(s):  
Physical Contact ◽  
Emotional Distance ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Shared Emotions ◽  
Common Goals ◽  
Full Interaction ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Social Incompetence

Abstract: Solidarity in the classic sense pertains to a cohesion among humans that entails physical contact, shared emotions, and common goals or projects. Characteristic cases are to be found among families, close friends, or co-workers. The present paper, in contrast, treats a phenomenon of the solidarity of distance, a solidarity based in fear of certain others and in incompetence to interact with them. The starting point for this analysis is the person who is motivated to interact with others who are unfamiliar or fear-provoking. Given that the fear and momentary social incompetence do not allow a full interaction to ensue, the individual will move toward solidarity with those others on a symbolic level. In this manner the motivation to approach the others is acted upon while physical and emotional distance is retained.

Ukrainian community life of believers

2008 ◽  
pp. 110-134
Author(s):  
Pavlo Yuriyovych Pavlenko
Keyword(s):  
Religious Life ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Community Life ◽  
Religious Activity ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Religious System ◽  
Real Presence ◽  
The Status ◽  
Intimate Relations ◽  
The Individual

The cornerstone of any religion is its anthropological concept, which seeks to determine the essential orientations of man, to outline the ideological framework of its existence, to represent the idea of ​​its essence, purpose in earthly life. The main task of the religious system is the act of involving and subordinating man to the spiritual divine realm as the realm of the transcendental existence of God. Belief in the real presence of the latter implies a new understanding of oneself, which ultimately leads the religious individual to the desire to be involved in this transcendental existence, to have intimate relations with him, to have a consciousness inherent in God. Note that in this context, all human being is interpreted as a certain arena for this realization. Therefore, the religious life of the individual acquires the status of religious activity.

Manageable Self in the Early Hellenistic Era

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-36
Author(s):  
Vaia Touna
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
The Self ◽  
Hellenistic Period ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
The Individual

This paper argues that the rise of what is commonly termed "personal religion" during the Classic-Hellenistic period is not the result of an inner need or even quality of the self, as often argued by those who see in ancient Greece foreshadowing of Christianity, but rather was the result of social, economic, and political conditions that made it possible for Hellenistic Greeks to redefine the perception of the individual and its relationship to others.

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