Arrays of Rotating Permanent Magnet Dipoles for Stirring and Pumping of Liquid Metals

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andris Bojarevičs ◽  
Toms Beinerts ◽  
Mārtiņš Sarma ◽  
Yurii Gelfgat
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Liquid Metals ◽  
Physical Modelling ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Metallurgical Furnaces ◽  
Multiple Configurations

AbstractMultiple configurations of synchronously rotating permanent magnet cylinders magnetized across the axes are proposed for liquid metal stirring for homogenization as well as for pumping. Universal analytical model is used for an initial parameter analysis. Then experimental setups were built to perform physical modelling of the industrial applications, e.g. large-scale metallurgical furnaces. Velocity distribution in the liquid metal was measured using different methods: the Ultrasound Doppler anemometry and the potential difference probes. The study shows that the cylindrical permanent magnet setups can achieve up to 10 times higher energy efficiency compared to AC inductors and have potential of wide-range industrial application, e.g. can be used as stirrers for secondary aluminium furnaces with up to 50 cm thick walls.

scholarly journals A Simple and Cost-Effective Method for Producing Stable Surfactant-Coated EGaIn Liquid Metal Nanodroplets

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 3753
Author(s):  
Bingbing Xu ◽  
Feng Ye ◽  
Guangtao Chang ◽  
Ruoxin Li
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Liquid Metals ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Electromagnetic Shielding ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Large Scale Preparation ◽  
Scale Preparation ◽  
Excellent Stability

Liquid metals show unparalleled advantages in printable circuits, flexible wear, drug carriers, and electromagnetic shielding. However, the efficient and large-scale preparation of liquid metal nanodroplets (LM NDs) remains a significant challenge. Here, we propose a simple and efficient method for the large-scale preparation of stable eutectic gallium indium nanodroplets (EGaIn NDs). We compared different preparation methods and found that droplets with smaller particle sizes could quickly be produced using a shaking technique. The size of EGaIn NDs produced using this technique can reach 200 nm in 30 min and 100 nm in 240 min. Benefiting from the simple method, various surfactants can directly modify the surface of the EGaIn NDs to stabilize the prepared droplets. In addition, we discovered that shaking in an ice bath produced spherical nanodroplets, and after shaking for 30 min in a non-ice bath, rod-shaped gallium oxide hydroxide (GaOOH) appeared. Furthermore, the EGaIn NDs we produced have excellent stability—after storage at room temperature for 30 days, the particle size and morphology change little. The excellent stability of the produced EGaIn NDs provides a wider application of liquid metals in the fields of drug delivery, electromagnetic shielding, conductive inks, printed circuits, etc.

Recent advances and prospects of catalytic advanced oxidation process in treating textile effluents

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archina Buthiyappan ◽  
Abdul Raman Abdul Aziz ◽  
Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Process ◽  
Advanced Oxidation ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Reactor Design ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Textile Effluents ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractIn the past few years, there have been many researches on the use of different types of homogenous catalyst for the degradation of textile wastewater in conventional advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). However, homogenous AOPs suffer from few limitations, including large consumption of chemicals, acidic pH, high cost of hydrogen peroxide, generation of iron sludge, and necessity of post-treatment. Therefore, recently, there have been more researches that focus on improving the performance of conventional AOPs using heterogeneous catalysts such as titanium dioxide, nanomaterials, metal oxides, zeolite, hematite, goethite, magnetite, and activated carbon (AC). Besides, different supports such as AC that have been incorporated with transition metals and clays have been proven to have excellent catalytic activity in AOPs. This paper presents a comprehensive review of advances and prospects of catalytic AOPs for the decontamination of a wide range of synthetic and real textile wastewater. This review provides an up-to-date critical review of the information on the degradation of various textile dyes by a wide range of heterogeneous catalysts and adsorbents. The future challenges of AOPs, including chemical consumption, toxicity assessment, reactor design, and limitation of catalysts, are discussed in this paper. In addition, this paper also discusses the presence of ions, generation of by-products, and industrial applications of AOPs. Special emphasis is given to recent studies and large-scale combination of AOPs for wastewater treatment. This review paper concludes that more studies are needed for the kinetics, reactor design, and modeling of hybrid AOPs and the production of their corresponding intermediate products and secondary pollutants. A better economic model should also be developed to predict the cost of AOPs, as the treatment cost varies with dyes and textile effluents.

Modeling Alkaline Liquid Metal (Na) Evaporating Thin Films Using Both Retarded Dispersion and Electronic Force Components

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph B. Tipton ◽  
Kenneth D. Kihm ◽  
David M. Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Work Function ◽  
Liquid Metals ◽  
Disjoining Pressure ◽  
Liquid Sodium ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Dispersion Force ◽  
Orthogonal Collocation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

A new thin-film evaporation model is presented that captures the unsimplified dispersion force along with an electronic disjoining pressure component that is unique to liquid metals. The resulting nonlinear fourth-order ordinary differential equation (ODE) is solved using implicit orthogonal collocation along with the Levenberg–Marquardt method. The electronic component of the disjoining pressure should be considered when modeling liquid metal extended meniscus evaporation for a wide range of work function boundary values, which represent physical properties of different liquid metals. For liquid sodium, as an example test material, variation in the work function produces order-of-magnitude differences in the film thickness and evaporation profile.

FMM/GPU Accelerated BEM Simulations of Emulsion Flow in Microchannels

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga A. Abramova ◽  
Yulia A. Itkulova ◽  
Nail A. Gumerov
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Heterogeneous Computing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
Graphics Processors ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Scalable Algorithm ◽  
Wide Range

Modeling of motion of two-phase liquids in microchannels of different shape is needed for a variety of industrial applications, such as enhanced oil recovery, advanced material processing, and biotechnology. Development of efficient computational techniques is required for understanding the mechanisms of many effects in “liquid-liquid” systems, such as the jamming of emulsion flows in microchannels and blood cell motion in capillaries. In the present study, a mathematical model of a three-dimensional flow of a mixture of two Newtonian liquids of a droplet structure in microchannels at low Reynold’s numbers is considered. The computational approach is based on the boundary element method accelerated both via an advanced scalable algorithm (FMM), and via utilization of a heterogeneous computing architecture (multicore CPUs and graphics processors). To solve large scale problems flexible GMRES solver is developed. Example computations are conducted for dynamics of many deformable drops of different sizes in microchannels. The results of simulations and accuracy/performance of the method are discussed. The developed approach can be used for solution of a wide range of problems related to emulsion flows in micro- and nanoscales.

Soft actuators by electrochemical oxidation of liquid metal surfaces

Soft Matter ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiahe Liao ◽  
Carmel Majidi
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Electrochemical Oxidation ◽  
Metal Surfaces ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Liquid Metals ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Voltage Potential ◽  
Soft Actuators ◽  
Range Of Values

The surface energy of liquid metals can be electrochemically controlled over a wide range of values – from near zero to 500 mJ/m2 – using low voltage potential. (~1V). This...

Heat transfer by free convection in a liquid metal

1961 ◽  
Vol 265 (1320) ◽  
pp. 97-108 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Free Convection ◽  
Liquid Metals ◽  
Convection Heat Transfer ◽  
Theoretical Data ◽  
Heat Transfer Process ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Layer Flow ◽  
Macroscopic Motion

This paper describes an experimental investigation of the free convection heat transfer process under the special conditions associated with a liquid metal of high thermal conductivity. Using an apparatus employing the thermosyphon principle, and a means of wall-temperature measurement which avoided many of the difficulties often associated with liquid metals, we have obtained data over a wide range of laminar and turbulent boundary layer flow. Results are in satisfactory agreement with existing theoretical data; in the turbulent region they are a direct extrapolation of those from the laminar regime, showing that molecular conductivity remains the principal means of transferring heat, even when there is significant macroscopic motion.

scholarly journals Purification and Characterization of Nitphym, a Robust Thermostable Nitrilase From Paraburkholderia phymatum

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Bessonnet ◽  
Aline Mariage ◽  
Jean-Louis Petit ◽  
Virginie Pellouin ◽  
Adrien Debard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Purification And Characterization ◽  
Thermostable Enzymes ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Thermophilic Organisms ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Despite the success of some nitrilases in industrial applications, there is a constant demand to broaden the catalog of these hydrolases, especially robust ones with high operational stability. By using the criteria of thermoresistance to screen a collection of candidate enzymes heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli, the enzyme Nitphym from the mesophilic organism Paraburkholderia phymatum was selected and further characterized. Its quick and efficient purification by heat treatment is of major interest for large-scale applications. The purified nitrilase displayed a high thermostability with 90% of remaining activity after 2 days at 30°C and a half-life of 18 h at 60°C, together with a broad pH range of 5.5–8.5. Its high resistance to various miscible cosolvents and tolerance to high substrate loadings enabled the quantitative conversion of 65.5 g⋅L–1 of 3-phenylpropionitrile into 3-phenylpropionic acid at 50°C in 8 h at low enzyme loadings of 0.5 g⋅L–1, with an isolated yield of 90%. This study highlights that thermophilic organisms are not the only source of industrially relevant thermostable enzymes and extends the scope of efficient nitrilases for the hydrolysis of a wide range of nitriles, especially trans-cinnamonitrile, terephthalonitrile, cyanopyridines, and 3-phenylpropionitrile.

scholarly journals Sustaining enhanced condensation on hierarchical mesh-covered surfaces

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 878-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongfu Wen ◽  
Shanshan Xu ◽  
Dongliang Zhao ◽  
Lixin Yang ◽  
Xuehu Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Phase Interface ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Droplet Growth ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Nanostructured Surfaces ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Liquid Condensate

Abstract Controlling the solid–liquid–vapor tri-phase interface is of fundamental importance for a broad range of industrial applications including biomedical engineering, energy production and utilization, environmental control, water production, and thermal management. Although a lot of progress has been made over the past few decades on surface manipulation for promoting droplet removal, it is challenging to accelerate both droplet growth and surface refreshing for enhancing vapor-to-liquid condensation. Here we present a superhydrophobic hierarchical mesh-covered (hi-mesh) surface to enable continuous sucking flow of liquid condensate, which achieves fourfold-higher droplet growth and 36.8% faster surface refreshing compared to the state-of-the-art dropwise condensation. Unprecedented enhanced condensation heat transfer is observed to be sustained over a wide range of surface subcooling on the hi-mesh surfaces. This demonstration of sustained enhanced condensation enhancement is not only of fundamental scientific importance, but also provides a viable strategy for large-scale deployment of micro/nanostructured surfaces in a diverse range of technologies.

Advanced permanent magnet machines for a wide range of industrial applications

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
K R Weeber ◽  
M R Shah ◽  
K Sivasubramaniam ◽  
A El-Refaie ◽  
Ronghai Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Permanent Magnet Machines ◽  
Wide Range

Electron microscopy study of reactively sputter-deposited Ti/N films on silicon

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1362-1363
Author(s):  
V. C. Kannan ◽  
A. K. Singh ◽  
R. B. Irwin ◽  
S. Chittipeddi ◽  
F. D. Nkansah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hexagonal Phase ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Electron Microscopy Study ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Tin Films ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fcc Phase ◽  
Circuits Vlsi

Titanium nitride (TiN) films have historically been used as diffusion barrier between silicon and aluminum, as an adhesion layer for tungsten deposition and as an interconnect material etc. Recently, the role of TiN films as contact barriers in very large scale silicon integrated circuits (VLSI) has been extensively studied. TiN films have resistivities on the order of 20μ Ω-cm which is much lower than that of titanium (nearly 66μ Ω-cm). Deposited TiN films show resistivities which vary from 20 to 100μ Ω-cm depending upon the type of deposition and process conditions. TiNx is known to have a NaCl type crystal structure for a wide range of compositions. Change in color from metallic luster to gold reflects the stabilization of the TiNx (FCC) phase over the close packed Ti(N) hexagonal phase. It was found that TiN (1:1) ideal composition with the FCC (NaCl-type) structure gives the best electrical property.

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