scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Taxonomic Studies of Allium Akaka and A. Elburzense Native to Iran Using Morphological Characters

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajad Jafari ◽  
Mohammad Reza Hassandokht ◽  
Mahdi Taheri ◽  
Abdolkarim Kashi
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Seed Length ◽  
Allium Species ◽  
Fresh Vegetables ◽  
Wild Accessions

AbstractTwo Allium species (A. akaka S.G. Gmelin and A. elburzense W.) native to Iran are used locally as the fresh vegetables and in medical therapy. They are not cultivated, but are collected from the wild, thus, will soon be threatened with extinction. In this study, the diversity of 15 wild accessions (4 accessions of A. elburzense endemic of Iran and 11 accessions of A. akaka) collected from the north-western part of Iran were evaluated with the use of 16 qualitative and 16 quantitative characteristics. The morphological characters with high heritability included leaf length, flower number in umbel, inflorescence diameter, leaf dry weight, bulb fresh weight, weight of 100 seeds, seed length and seed length/width. Results of the principal component analysis indicated that 92.52% of the observed variability was explained by the first six components. The first two components explained about 64.74% of the total observed variability. The first and third hierarchical cluster analysis included all accessions of A. akaka. The accessions of A. elburzense, except one, were placed in a separate cluster. These morphological descriptors can successfully apply for evaluating morphological diversity of Allium wild accessions and can help in horticultural usage.

DIVA-GIS based insight into geographical distribution and diversity spectrum of Indian sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) accessions suitable for diversified applications

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Maruthi ◽  
A. A. Kumar ◽  
S. B. Choudhary ◽  
H. K. Sharma ◽  
Jiban Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
North West ◽  
Agglomerative Hierarchical Cluster Analysis

Commercial prospects of sunnhemp inspired present study to understand geographical distribution pattern(s) and to scale agro-morphological diversity spectrum of forty-four sunnhemp accessions naturalized across diverse habitats of India. Field experiment revealed broad spectrum diversity for all the 11 agro-morphological traits. Wider range of plant height (110.50 to 173.17 cm), number of pods per plant (35.33 to 143.00), seeds per pod (6.33-15.17g) and seed yield per plant (8.27-29.43g) highlighted the adequacy of present genetic resources to improve sunnhemp for diversified applications. Principal component analysis of the agro-morphological characters identified the first PC with 1109.6 eigen value explaining 61.70% of total variation followed by PC-II (22.9%) and PC-III (11.1%). In PC-I significant contribution was made by traits like NLP, NPP and PH. Agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis grouped all accessions into four distinct seed producing clusters irrespective of their origin. Cluster wise mean values suggested that cluster-II is the best with outstanding trait values for majority of traits. DIVA-GIS based analysis identified accessions from Rajasthan, Western Gujarat and Jharkhand with high diversity index for number of leaves/plant. But, accessions from North West Jharkhand and Maharashtra with highest diversity index for seed yield/plant.

scholarly journals The phytochemical and morphological diversity analysis of Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f.) Wight & Arn. populations in South of Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 588-603
Author(s):  
Kourosh ZANDIFAR ◽  
Hassanali NAGHID BADI ◽  
Ali MEHRAFARIN ◽  
Majid G. NOHOOJI
Keyword(s):  
Wild Population ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Ziziphus Nummularia ◽  
High Diversity

Ziziphus nummularia is a multipurpose and tropical tree with medicinal, nutritional, industrial, and economic values. This tree, which belongs to the Rhamnaceae family, is originated from the South of Asia and North of Africa. This research was carried out to investigate the phytochemical and morphological diversity of 20 wild populations collected from different Southern regions of Iran. Statistical significant difference ranges between population were found in respect to saponin of the leaf (2.2-5.4 mg/g) and fruit (1.2-3.2 mg/g), phenol of the leaf (0.7-2.9 mg/g) and fruit (0.03-0.4 mg/g), tannin of the leaf (0.8-3.5 mg/g) and fruit (1.5-1.7 mg/g), and flavonoid of the leaf (3.3-4.3 mg/g) and fruit (1.5-2.4 mg/g). A factor analysis based on principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the first three components (PC1-PC3) explain 79.04% of total variations. The first component (PC1) is explained by the most important traits of the PCA coefficient such as the leaf saponin, width of the end leaf, fruit saponin, length of the end leaf, leaf length and width, and leaf phenol with 42% of the total variation. Hierarchical cluster analysis divided the populations into four main groups with high diversity. In general, the Izeh Tarakab population had the highest content of leaf and fruit saponin. The content of leaf and fruit saponin as the major secondary metabolite could be a good determinant for detecting diversity in the wild population of Z. nummularia.

Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids in Methanolic Extracts, Infusions and Tinctures from Commercial Samples of Lemon Balm

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Arceusz ◽  
Marek Wesolowski ◽  
Beata Ulewicz-Magulska
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Melissa Officinalis ◽  
Lemon Balm ◽  
Biochemical Pathways ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Principal Component Analyses

The aim of this study was to quantify the levels of flavonoids (rutin, myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol) and phenolic acids (gallic, p-coumaric, rosmarinic, syringic, caffeic, chlorogenic, ellagic, ferulic) in lemon balm ( Melissa officinalis L.) commonly used as a culinary, aromatic and medicinal herb. A rapid and reliable HPLC procedure was developed to determine the phenolic compounds in methanolic extracts, infusions and tinctures prepared from lemon balm. Except for myricetin and quercetin, as well as ellagic, gallic and rosmarinic acids, higher levels of the analytes under study were determined in the methanolic extracts (up to 22 mg/g of dry weight, DW), than in infusions (up to 5 mg/g DW). Tinctures were the poorest in flavonoids and phenolic acids (below 550 μg/g DW), except for ellagic and rosmarinic acids, which were quantified in tinctures at higher levels (mg/g DW). To sum up, the flavonoids were extracted more effectively in the infusions and tinctures than the phenolic acids. Statistically significant correlations were found between phenolic acids, possibly owing to similar biochemical pathways of the compounds. The hierarchical cluster and principal component analyses have also shown that the samples of lemon balm could be differentiated based on the levels of flavonoids and phenolic acids.

Variation in leaf characteristics among provenances of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. grown in Zambia

1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
J Burley ◽  
PJ Wood ◽  
AS Hans
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Ecotypic Variation ◽  
Old Trees

Eight morphological characters of leaves were examined in 2-year-old trees of 25 provenances of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn, grown in a replicated trial in Zambia. Provenances differed significantly in leaf length and width, base angle, and oil gland density but significant effects were attributed to trees within provenances. Leaf curvature also varied between provenances, trees, and branches. The tip angle and the number of veins did not vary significantly. Leaf length and oil gland density were related to maximum temperature at seed source rather than to latitude but the reverse occurred for leaf width. Significant amounts of variation were explained by a linear combination of temperature and latitude but not by longitude, altitude, or rainfall. Information on seven traits was combined in principal component analysis in which the first component (a measure of leaf shape) accounted for 36% of total observed variation while the second (weighted largely on leaf length) accounted for 26%. Mapping of both univariate and multivariate results indicated that there are two major ecotypes and gave some evidence of clinal and ecotypic variation within them. The conclusions support those of other workers both in natural populations in Australia and in exotic populations elsewhere.

scholarly journals Morphological diversity of Sri Lankan traditional rice varieties “Pachchaperumal” and “Suduru samba”

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elpitiya Udari Uvindhya Rathnathunga ◽  
Sudarshanee Geekiyanage
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Grain Width ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Traditional Rice

AbstractSri Lankan traditional rice varieties consist of more than one accession mostly which, exhibit a wide variation in morphological characters, flowering time and yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diversity based on days to flowering (DF) and 12 morphological characters of two Sri Lankan traditional rice varieties Pachchaperumal and Suduru samba comprising of 13 and 7 accessions respectively. DF of Pachchaperumal and Suduru samba varied from 60 - 72 and 79 - 99 days respectively. Vegetative morphological characters and yield components also varied among Pachchaperumal and Suduru samba accessions while pericarp colour, grain width, and length were distinct characters between the two varieties. According to the hierarchical cluster analysis, 2 major clusters were identified at the rescale distance of 25 separating accessions of Pachchaperumal and Suduru samba except for accession 3136 of Pachchaperumal, which was located in Sudura samba cluster. Seven clusters were derived at rescaled distance of 5 where accessions of similar quantitative and qualitative morphological characters were clustered together. There were negative correlations between DF and selected yield components in contrast to positive correlations between DF and selected vegetative growth parameters. Our results may be useful in the determination of identity of accessions belonging to the same variety, which could be further supported by molecular analysis.

scholarly journals A morphometric study on Senecio erucifolius (Asteraceae) from Poland and its taxonomic implications

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Podsiedlik ◽  
Renata Nowińska ◽  
Leszek Bednorz
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Lateral Lobe ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Stepwise Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Morphological Heterogeneity ◽  
Middle Leaf ◽  
Tubular Flower

Twenty-three populations of <em>Senecio erucifolius</em> were sampled to study morphological diversity of the species in Poland. A total of 690 shoots, leaves, capitula, flowers, and fruits were characterized in respect to 27 quantitative traits and were subjected to morphometric analyses. Principal component analysis made it possible to distinguish two groups of individuals, corresponding to two infraspecific taxa – <em>S. erucifolius</em> subsp. <em>tenuifolius</em> (19 populations) and <em>S. erucifolius</em> subsp. <em>erucifolius</em> (four populations). The characters of the greatest importance in differentiating these two subspecies included the length of the upper lobe of the middle leaf, the width of the upper lobe, the width of the longest lateral lobe, the width of the upper lobe at the base, and the length of the tubular flower. Six of the 27 morphological features significantly differentiated populations within subspecies <em>erucifolius</em> according to a stepwise discriminant analysis. The length of the middle leaf, length of the tubular flower and width of the upper lobe at the base contributed most to the discrimination between the investigated populations. The discriminant analysis also showed considerable morphological heterogeneity of the 19 populations classified as subspecies <em>tenuifolius</em>. Seventeen characters significantly differentiated the populations, with the length of the achene and the ratio between the length and the width of the achene as the most important ones.

scholarly journals Variations in Morphological Characters and Antioxidant Potential of Different Plant Parts of Four Ziziphus Mill. Species from the Cholistan

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2734
Author(s):  
Muhammad Umair Riaz ◽  
Muhammad Ali Raza ◽  
Amjad Saeed ◽  
Mukhtar Ahmed ◽  
Tanveer Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Plant Parts

Genus Ziziphus (Z.) contains various important species in tropical and subtropical regions that are globally famous for their food and medicinal uses. However, no comprehensive study was available on the morphology and phytochemistry of Ziziphus species, mainly under different growth conditions, i.e., irrigated and desert (Cholistan). Therefore, this study was carried out to evaluate the morphological and phytochemical characteristics of Ziziphus species, i.e., Z. jujuba, Z. mauritiana, Z. spina-christi, and Z. nummularia, found in the irrigated and desert conditions. Our results revealed significant variations for most of the measured parameters, showing a large-scale diversity among Ziziphus species under irrigated and desert conditions. Specifically, Ziziphus species showed better morphology of all measured parameters of leaves and fruits under irrigated conditions compared to desert conditions, indicating that the optimum water availability in irrigated conditions improved the morphological parameters of Z. species. Meanwhile, among all Ziziphus species, the maximum leaf length (7.4 cm), leaf width (4.1 cm), leaf area (30.6 cm2), and leaf petiole length (1.3 cm) were observed for Z. jujuba, and the highest leaf dry weight (55.4%) was recorded for Z. mauritiana. Similarly, the highest fruit length (3.9 cm), fruit stalk length (1.5 cm), fruit diameter (3.6 cm), fruit width (3.8 cm), fruit area (66.1 cm2), seed length (2 cm), and seed diameter (1.1 cm) were measured for species Z. jujuba, while the maximum fruit dry weight (49.9%) and seed width (1.4 cm) were recorded for species Z. nummularia. Interestingly, compared to irrigated conditions, higher values of bioactive contents, i.e., phenol, flavonoid, and antioxidant activity, in fruits and leaves of Ziziphus species under desert conditions indicated the positive impact of desert climate on the phytochemistry of the Z. plants. Among Ziziphus species, Z. nummularia accumulated the maximum fruit phenols (304.4 mg GAE/100 g), leaf phenols (314.2 mg GAE/100 g), fruit flavonoids (123.7 mg QE/100 g), and leaf flavonoids (113.4 mg QE/100 g). Overall, this study demonstrated the significant morphological and phytochemical variations of the Ziziphus species under irrigated and desert conditions, which could be utilized for future studies to improve the production and medicinal potential of the Ziziphus, especially in desert areas.

scholarly journals Polymorphism analysis in some Algerian Opuntia species using morphological and phenological UPOV descriptors

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boubakr Hadjkouider ◽  
Ammar Boutekrabt ◽  
Bahia Lallouche ◽  
Salim Lamine ◽  
Néjia Zoghlami
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster Analysis ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Relative Magnitude ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Opuntia Ficus Indica ◽  
New Varieties

<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the present study, we have investigated the morphological variation in a set of five <em>Opuntia</em> species from the Algerian steppes using 49 UPOV descriptors.</p><p><strong>Questions: </strong>which of the 49 descriptors that can be used as powerful estimators of the phenotypic diversity within <em>Opuntia</em> species? How is the morphological diversity patterned in Algerian <em>Opuntia</em>?</p><p><strong>Species study/ Mathematical model: </strong><em>Opuntia ficus-indica, Opuntia amycleae, Opuntia streptacantha, Opuntia engelmannii, Opuntia robusta</em><strong>.</strong> Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis were used.</p><p><strong>Study site: </strong>Four counties were studied located in the Algerian steppes. The present research was carried out during 2014.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> 49 descriptors adopted by the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) were employed in the present research, where cladode, flower and fruit traits were used to determine the overall degree of polymorphism among 5 <em>Opuntia</em> species.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis indicated a consistent differentiation between all studied species. The relative magnitude of the first two PCA eigenvectors showed that 8 descriptors out of 49 were identified as the most important descriptors for the classification of the species. The dendrogram performed on the calculated Euclidean distances between all species pairs allowed the identification of 3 groups, unlike the PCA that identified 4 groups. The species <em>Opuntia ficus-indica </em>and <em>Opuntia amycleae</em> were identified as very close morphologically.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present outcome represents a paramount step towards the fast selection of interesting species and for their best management and conservation.</p>

scholarly journals Phenolic Analysis for Classification of Mulberry (Morus spp.) Leaves according to Cultivar and Leaf Age

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pitchaya Pothinuch ◽  
Sasitorn Tongchitpakdee
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Healthy Foods ◽  
Mulberry Leaves ◽  
Caffeoylquinic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Analysis

Phenolic compounds in mulberry leaves harvested from three cultivars (Buriram 60, BR 60; Sakonnakhon, SK; and Khunphai, KH) at different leaf ages (tips, young, and old leaves) were identified and quantified using HPLC-DAD and HPLC-ESI/MS. A total of 13 phenolic compounds, which were mainly as caffeoylquinic acids and flavonol glycosides, were detectable. Predominant phenolic compounds were 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (3.5–13.1 mg/g dry weight), 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid (1.3–2.4 mg/g dry weight), and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (1.0–4.4 mg/g dry weight). Qualitative and quantitative differences in phenolic compounds in mulberry leaves were investigated among cultivars and leaf ages. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were used for classification of the mulberry leaves. Based on the similarity of phenolic compounds, mulberry leaves were clustered into three groups: (1) tips of leaves from all cultivars; (2) young and old leaves of mulberry cv. BR 60; (3) young and old leaves of mulberry cv. SK and KH. Therefore, according to phenolic compounds in mulberry leaves, tips of leaves from all cultivars should be intended for production of functional healthy foods.

scholarly journals Development of a core collection for Sri Lankan cinnamon germplasm based on morphological characterization using an eco-geographic survey

2019 ◽  
pp. 1473-1485
Author(s):  
Rumana Azad ◽  
L. Jayasekara ◽  
R.A.A.K. Ranawaka ◽  
Gamini Senanayake ◽  
K.L. Wasantha Kumara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Core Collection ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Germplasm Management ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
The Core

Cinnamomum verum is the most important spice produced by Sri Lanka. This study was carried out to fill the gap of knowledge on diversity of Sri Lankan cinnamon through morphological characterization. Therefore, an eco-geographic survey in major growing areas followed by the development of a core collection and vegetative propagation of the total collection for ex-situ conservation were carried out. Two hundred and sixty nine cinnamon accessions were collected. The average shoot regeneration frequency of 269 accessions was 47.76% after one month of vegetative propagation. The collection was established at Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna for further studies. The collection was characterized for 15 quantitative and qualitative characters of leaf, stem and inflorescence among which, a wide variation was detected for leaf characters mainly. Leaf length positively correlated with Leaf width (+0.643) and Petiole length (+0.483). Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that there were 3 dimensions of PCA explaining 88.85% of total variance. In Hierarchical cluster analysis based on above characters, 269 accessions were grouped into five clusters at rescaled distance of 0.1. A representation of 10% accessions was randomly selected from each cluster to develop a core collection with 33 accessions. The core collection of 33 accessions was clustered into five groups according to the same method at rescaled distance of 0.075. The core collection is a representation of the total collection as clusters of the two dendograms could be overlapped. Morphological characterization and core collection development during this study will be useful for germplasm management, conservation and varietal improvement through breeding programmes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document