Taking the trumpet up there: enactment of embodied high pitch in a multimodal body schema

Abstract This contribution examines how an expert musician teaches high pitch as an embodied practice in a digital instruction video. Musical meaning-making in this perspective calls for a naturalized phenomenology which deals with the practice of music teaching, which involves a performing body. The notion of high musical pitch in terms of an abstract embodied image schema is challenged in favor of a multidimensional body schema, conceptualized at the interface between multimodal language, i.e. in speech and gesture, and the affordances imposed on musical production by the human body and the instrument artefact. As a result, the traditional metaphorical take on upward verticality, movement and causal force in image schemata becomes a conceptual background which may lead to errors on behalf of the potential student, and needs to be further enriched by natural local corporeal dimensions: immobility, non-vertical change in the lips, mouth and air flow. Such body schemata can be used in teaching more dynamic concepts about enactive knowledge in the body in interactive contexts of knowledge transmission.

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The Psychological Reality of the Body Schema: A Test With Normal Subjects

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e665412011-156 ◽

1992 ◽

Author(s):

Catherine L. Reed ◽

Martha J. Farah

Keyword(s):

Body Schema ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

The Body ◽

Psychological Reality

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The role of the female body in contesting and negotiating space in sports for women in rural and urban Zimbabwe

African Journal of Religion, Philosophy and Culture ◽

10.31920/2634-7644/2020/1n2a6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 93-113

Author(s):

Obert Bernard Mlambo ◽

Keyword(s):

Female Body ◽

The Body ◽

Gender Ideologies ◽

Victorian Culture ◽

Girl Child ◽

School Sports ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Gender Ideals ◽

A Site ◽

Embodied Practice

This article examined attitudes, knowledge, behavior and practices of men and society on Gender bias in sports. The paper examined how the African female body was made into an object of contest between African patriarchy and the colonial system and also shows how the battle for the female body eventually extended into the sporting field. It also explored the postcolonial period and the effects on Zimbabwean society of the colonial ideals of the Victorian culture of morality. The study focused on school sports and the participation of the girl child in sports such as netball, volleyball and football. Reference was made to other sports but emphasis was given to where women were affected. It is in this case where reference to the senior women soccer team was made to provide a case study for purposes of illustration. Selected rural community and urban schools were served as case references for ethnographic accounts which provided the qualitative data used in the analysis. In terms of methodology and theoretical framework, the paper adopted the political economy of the female body as an analytical viewing point in order to examine the body of the girl child and of women in action on the sporting field in Zimbabwe. In this context, the female body is viewed as deeply contested and as a medium that functions as a site for the redirection, profusion and transvaluation of gender ideals. Using the concept of embodiment, involving demeanor, body shape and perceptions of the female body in its social context, the paper attempted to establish a connection between gender ideologies and embodied practice. The results of the study showed the prevalence of condescending attitudes towards girls and women participation in sports.

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Feminist Cyber-Artivism, Musicing, and Music Teaching and Learning

The Oxford Handbook of Social Media and Music Learning ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190660772.013.18 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 291-312

Author(s):

Marissa Silverman

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Music Education ◽

Case Studies ◽

Teaching And Learning ◽

The Body ◽

The Internet ◽

Philosophical Investigation ◽

Music Teaching ◽

Music Making ◽

The Voice

This chapter asks an important, yet seemingly illusive, question: In what ways does the internet provide (or not) activist—or, for present purposes “artivist”—opportunities and engagements for musicing, music sharing, and music teaching and learning? According to Asante (2008), an “artivist (artist + activist) uses her artistic talents to fight and struggle against injustice and oppression—by any medium necessary. The artivist merges commitment to freedom and justice with the pen, the lens, the brush, the voice, the body, and the imagination. The artivist knows that to make an observation is to have an obligation” (p. 6). Given this view, can (and should) social media be a means to achieve artivism through online musicing and music sharing, and, therefore, music teaching and learning? Taking a feminist perspective, this chapter interrogates the nature of cyber musical artivism as a potential means to a necessary end: positive transformation. In what ways can social media be a conduit (or hindrance) for cyber musical artivism? What might musicing and music sharing gain (or lose) from engaging with online artivist practices? In addition to a philosophical investigation, this chapter will examine select case studies of online artivist music making and music sharing communities with the above concerns in mind, specifically as they relate to music education.

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Making the choice between bioelectrical impedance measures for body hydration status assessment

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-87253-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dmitry M. Davydov ◽

Andrey Boev ◽

Stas Gorbunov

Keyword(s):

Body Schema ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

Information Criterion ◽

The Body ◽

Whole Body ◽

Hydration Status ◽

Status Assessment ◽

Best Fitting ◽

Body Compartments ◽

Fitting In

AbstractSituational or persistent body fluid deficit (i.e., de- or hypo-hydration) is considered a significant health risk factor. Bioimpedance analysis (BIA) has been suggested as an alternative to less reliable subjective and biochemical indicators of hydration status. The present study aimed to compare various BIA models in the prediction of direct measures of body compartments associated with hydration/osmolality. Fish (n = 20) was selected as a biological model for physicochemically measuring proximate body compartments associated with hydration such as water, dissolved proteins, and non-osseous minerals as the references or criterion points. Whole-body and segmental/local impedance measures were used to investigate a pool of BIA models, which were compared by Akaike Information Criterion in their ability to accurately predict the body components. Statistical models showed that ‘volumetric-based’ BIA measures obtained in parallel, such as distance2/Rp, could be the best approach in predicting percent of body moisture, proteins, and minerals in the whole-body schema. However, serially-obtained BIA measures, such as the ratio of the reactance to resistance and the resistance adjusted for distance between electrodes, were the best fitting in predicting the compartments in the segmental schema. Validity of these results should be confirmed on humans before implementation in practice.

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Robot-Assisted Autism Therapy (RAAT). Criteria and Types of Experiments Using Anthropomorphic and Zoomorphic Robots. Review of the Research

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21113720 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (11) ◽

pp. 3720

Author(s):

Barbara Szymona ◽

Marcin Maciejewski ◽

Robert Karpiński ◽

Kamil Jonak ◽

Elżbieta Radzikowska-Büchner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Schema ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

The Body ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Robot Assisted ◽

Social Contacts ◽

Joint Activities ◽

Autism Therapy ◽

Real Person ◽

Future Work

Supporting the development of a child with autism is a multi-profile therapeutic work on disturbed areas, especially understanding and linguistic expression used in social communication and development of social contacts. Previous studies show that it is possible to perform some therapy using a robot. This article is a synthesis review of the literature on research with the use of robots in the therapy of children with the diagnosis of early childhood autism. The review includes scientific journals from 2005–2021. Using descriptors: ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorders), Social robots, and Robot-based interventions, an analysis of available research in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science was done. The results showed that a robot seems to be a great tool that encourages contact and involvement in joint activities. The review of the literature indicates the potential value of the use of robots in the therapy of people with autism as a facilitator in social contacts. Robot-Assisted Autism Therapy (RAAT) can encourage child to talk or do exercises. In the second aspect (prompting during a conversation), a robot encourages eye contact and suggests possible answers, e.g., during free conversation with a peer. In the third aspect (teaching, entertainment), the robot could play with autistic children in games supporting the development of joint attention. These types of games stimulate the development of motor skills and orientation in the body schema. In future work, a validation test would be desirable to check whether children with ASD are able to do the same with a real person by learning distrust and cheating the robot.

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The Role of Hand Size in the Fake-Hand Illusion Paradigm

Perception ◽

10.1068/p5853 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 36 (10) ◽

pp. 1547-1554 ◽

Cited By ~ 84

Author(s):

Francesco Pavani ◽

Massimiliano Zampini

Keyword(s):

Body Image ◽

Body Schema ◽

Body Representation ◽

The Body ◽

Video Image ◽

Body Parts ◽

Statistical Correlations ◽

Hand Size ◽

Visible Hand

When a hand (either real or fake) is stimulated in synchrony with our own hand concealed from view, the felt position of our own hand can be biased toward the location of the seen hand. This intriguing phenomenon relies on the brain's ability to detect statistical correlations in the multisensory inputs (ie visual, tactile, and proprioceptive), but it is also modulated by the pre-existing representation of one's own body. Nonetheless, researchers appear to have accepted the assumption that the size of the seen hand does not matter for this illusion to occur. Here we used a real-time video image of the participant's own hand to elicit the illusion, but we varied the hand size in the video image so that the seen hand was either reduced, veridical, or enlarged in comparison to the participant's own hand. The results showed that visible-hand size modulated the illusion, which was present for veridical and enlarged images of the hand, but absent when the visible hand was reduced. These findings indicate that very specific aspects of our own body image (ie hand size) can constrain the multisensory modulation of the body schema highlighted by the fake-hand illusion paradigm. In addition, they suggest an asymmetric tendency to acknowledge enlarged (but not reduced) images of body parts within our body representation.

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Cognitive-Affective Neuroscience of Depersonalization

CNS Spectrums ◽

10.1017/s109285290002352x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 14 (9) ◽

pp. 467-471 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Dan J. Stein ◽

Daphne Simeon

Keyword(s):

Sensory Processing ◽

Emotional Experience ◽

Emotional Responses ◽

Body Schema ◽

The Body ◽

Affective Neuroscience ◽

Evolutionary Perspective ◽

Limbic Structures ◽

Molecular Systems ◽

Depersonalization Disorder

ABSTRACTDepersonalization disorder (DPD) is characterized by a subjective sense of detachment from one's own being and a sense of unreality. An examination of the psychobiology of depersonalization symptoms may be useful in understanding the cognitive-affective neuroscience of embodiment. DPD may be mediated by neurocircuitry and neurotransmitters involved in the integration of sensory processing and of the body schema, and in the mediation of emotional experience and the identification of feelings. For example, DPD has been found to involve autonomic blunting, deactivation of sub-cortical structures, and disturbances in molecular systems in such circuitry. An evolutionary perspective suggests that attenuation of emotional responses, mediated by deactivation of limbic structures, may sometimes be advantageous in response to inescapable stress.

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Body Schema and Body Image

10.1093/oso/9780198851721.001.0001 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Body Image ◽

Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽

Body Schema ◽

The Body ◽

Body Parts ◽

Neural Activities ◽

Body Shapes ◽

Influential Book ◽

Social And Cultural Factors

Body schema refers to the system of sensory-motor functions that enables control of the position of body parts in space, without conscious awareness of those parts. Body image refers to a conscious representation of the way the body appears—a set of conscious perceptions, affective attitudes, and beliefs pertaining to one’s own bodily image. In 2005, Shaun Gallagher published an influential book entitled ‘How the Body Shapes the Mind’. This book not only defined both body schema (BS) and body image (BI), but also explored the complicated relationship between the two. The book also established the idea that there is a double dissociation, whereby body schema and body image refer to two different, but closely related, systems. Given that many kinds of pathological cases can be described in terms of body schema and body image (phantom limbs, asomatognosia, apraxia, schizophrenia, anorexia, depersonalization, and body dysmorphic disorder, among others), we might expect to find a growing consensus about these concepts and the relevant neural activities connected to these systems. Instead, an examination of the scientific literature reveals continued ambiguity and disagreement. This volume brings together leading experts from the fields of philosophy, neuroscience, psychology, and psychiatry in a lively and productive dialogue. It explores fundamental questions about the relationship between body schema and body image, and addresses ongoing debates about the role of the brain and the role of social and cultural factors in our understanding of embodiment.

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