scholarly journals Amateur and Professional Ice Hockey Player Hydration Status and Urine Specific Gravity Values Before and After Training in Winter Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilita Ozoliņa ◽  
Inese Pontaga ◽  
Igors Ķīsis
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

Abstract The aim of our investigation was to determine and compare the pre- and post- training body hydration status in professional and amateur male ice hockey players consumed the drinks according to their thirst sensation in winter conditions. Materials and methods: 11 amateur and 23 professional ice hockey players participated in the investigation. The players were weighted before and after training using precise scales. The body mass composition of every athlete was determined by the body composition analyzer. Every player collected mid–stream urine specimens before and after the training. Urine specific gravity (USG) was measured by urine refractometer. Results: 56% of the professional ice hockey players and 82% of amateur players were hypohydrated before training according to their USG values ≥ 1.020, 5% of professional players were dehydrated their USG values ≥ 1.030. After the training with duration of 1.5 hours the mean body mass decreased for 0.9±0.5% of pre– training value in amateur players and for 1.6±0.8% in professionals (p=0.005). After the training the professional players’ hydration status worsened: 66% were hypohydrated and 26% dehydrated according to USG, the mean USG after training was significantly higher than before it (p=0.011). USG after training did not change in amateur players: their mean USG values before and after training did not differed significantly (p=0.677). Conclusions: Fluid uptake according to thirst sensation in winter conditions cannot compensate the fluid loss at rest and during training especially in professional ice hockey players. The body mass loss exceeded value critical for performance - 2 % in one third part of professionals. The differences between two groups can be explained by higher intensity of exercises during training, the better physical conditioning and greater sweating rate in professional players in comparison with amateurs, which causes close to twice greater uncompensated fluid loss in professionals than in amateurs.

Variability of Body Mass and Urine Specific Gravity in Elite Male Field Hockey Players During a Pre-Olympic Training Camp

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason D. Vescovi ◽  
Greig Watson
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fluid Replacement ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Intraindividual Variation ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Training Camp ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Before And After

This field-based observational study was designed to examine the intraindividual variation of first morning body mass and urine specific gravity (Usg) in male hockey players (n = 22) during a 10-day training camp. It was also designed to evaluate the prevalence and interrelationship of morning hypohydration and postmatch dehydration using Usg and changes in body mass, respectively. Body mass and Usg were measured upon waking; body mass was also measured before and after matches. Individual means, SD, and coefficient of variation (CV) were calculated for morning body mass and Usg using 3, 6, and 8 days. Daily prevalence for euhydration and postmatch dehydration using morning Usg (<1.020) and changes in body mass (>−2%), respectively, were determined. Measurement of morning body mass and Usg for 3 days had low variability (CV < 1%) with no improvement at 6 or 8 days. Between 36% and 73% of players were considered euhydrated based on morning Usg. Postmatch body mass was reduced >1% in 50–85% of players, with up to 40% experiencing changes >−2%. Postmatch changes in body mass were unrelated to Usg the subsequent morning. These outcomes can be helpful in establishing criteria for detecting meaningful changes in morning body mass and Usg in similar settings, helping to monitor hydration status in elite male athletes. Despite ample fluid availability and consumption, many players experienced hypohydration and dehydration during the camp, indicating that careful monitoring and an individual fluid replacement approach are warranted in these environments.

Hydration Status in Adolescent Judo Athletes Before and After Training in the Heat

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita M. Rivera-Brown ◽  
Roberto A. De Félix-Dávila
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
High Heat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Judo Athletes ◽  
Sweat Sodium

Adolescent judo athletes who train in tropical climates may be in a persistent state of dehydration because they frequently restrict fluids during daily training sessions to maintain or reduce their body weight and are not given enough opportunities to drink.Purpose:Determine the body hydration status of adolescent judo athletes before, immediately after, and 24 h after (24H) a training session and document sweat Na+ loss and symptoms of dehydration.Methods:Body mass and urine color and specific gravity (USG) were measured before, after, and 24 h after a training session in a high-heat-stress environment (29.5 ± 1.0°C; 77.7 ± 6.1% RH) in 24 adolescent athletes. Sweat sodium loss was also determined. A comparison was made between mid-pubertal (MP) and late pubertal (LP) subjects.Results:The majority of the subjects started training with a significant level of dehydration. During the training session, MP subjects lost 1.3 ± 0.8% of their pretraining body mass whereas LP subjects lost 1.9 ± 0.5% (P < .05). Sweat sodium concentration was 44.5 ± 23.3 mmol/L. Fluid intake from a water fountain was minimal. Subjects reported symptoms of dehydration during the session, which in some cases persisted throughout the night and the next day. The 24H USG was 1.028 ± 0.004 and 1.027 ± 0.005 g/mL for MP and LP, respectively.Conclusions:Adolescent judo athletes arrive to practice with a fluid deficit, do not drink enough during training, and experience symptoms of dehydration, which may compromise the quality of training and general well-being.

Hydration status of Greco-Roman wrestlers in an authentic precompetition situation

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 621-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahur Ööpik ◽  
Saima Timpmann ◽  
Andres Burk ◽  
Innar Hannus
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Mass Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Body Mass Gain

We assessed the urinary indexes of hydration status of Greco-Roman wrestlers in an authentic precompetition situation at the time of official weigh-in (OWI). A total of 51 of 89 wrestlers competing in the Estonian Championship in 2009 donated a urine sample. Questionnaire responses revealed that 27 wrestlers (body mass losers (BMLs)) reduced body mass before the competition, whereas 24 wrestlers (those who do not lose body mass (n-BMLs)) did not. In 42 wrestlers, values of urine specific gravity ≥1.020 and urine osmolality ≥700 mOsmol·kg−1 revealed a hypohydrated status. The prevalence of hypohydration in the BMLs (96%) was higher than in the n-BMLs (67%) (χ2 = 7.68; p < 0.05). The prevalence of serious hypohydration (urine specific gravity >1.030) was 5.3 times greater (χ2 = 8.32; p < 0.05) in the BMLs than in the n-BMLs. In the BMLs, the extent of body mass gain during the 16-h recovery (2.5 ± 1.2 kg) was associated (r = 0.764; p < 0.05) with self-reported precompetition body mass loss (4.3 ± 2.0 kg) and exceeded the body mass gain observed in the n-BMLs (0.7 ± 1.2 kg; p < 0.05). We conclude that hypohydration is prevalent among Greco-Roman wrestlers at the time of OWI. The prevalence of hypohydration and serious hypohydration is especially high among wrestlers who are accustomed to reducing body mass before competition. These results suggest that an effective rehydration strategy is needed for Olympic-style wrestlers, and that changes in wrestling rules should be considered to reduce the prevalence of harmful body mass management behaviours.

Sweat rate, salt loss, and fluid intake during an intense on-ice practice in elite Canadian male junior hockey players

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew S. Palmer ◽  
Lawrence L. Spriet
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Sweat Rate ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Body Mass Loss ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Sodium Loss

Previous research in many sports suggests that losing ~1%–2% body mass through sweating impairs athletic performance. Elite-level hockey involves high-intensity bursts of skating, arena temperatures are >10 °C, and players wear protective equipment, all of which promote sweating. This study examined the pre-practice hydration, on-ice fluid intake, and sweat and sodium losses of 44 candidates for Canada’s junior men’s hockey team (mean ± SE age, 18.4 ± 0.1 y; height, 184.8 ± 0.9 cm; mass, 89.9 ± 1.1 kg). Players were studied in groups of 10–12 during 4 intense 1 h practices (13.9 °C, 66% relative humidity) on 1 day. Hydration status was estimated by measuring urine specific gravity (USG). Sweat rate was calculated from body mass changes and fluid intake. Sweat sodium concentration ([Na]) was analyzed in forehead sweat patch samples and used with sweat rate to estimate sodium loss. Over 50% of players began practice mildly hypohydrated (USG > 1.020). Sweat rate during practice was 1.8 ± 0.1 L·h–1 and players replaced 58% (1.0 ± 0.1 L·h–1) of the sweat lost. Body mass loss averaged 0.8% ± 0.1%, but 1/3 of players lost more than 1%. Sweat [Na] was 54.2 ± 2.4 mmol·L–1 and sodium loss averaged 2.26 ± 0.17 g during practice. Players drank only water during practice and replaced no sodium. In summary, elite junior hockey players incurred large sweat and sodium losses during an intense practice, but 2/3 of players drank enough to minimize body mass loss. However, 1/3 of players lost more than 1% body mass despite ready access to fluid and numerous drinking opportunities from the coaches.

scholarly journals PENGARUH JUS KULIT BUAH SEMANGKA (Citrullus lanatus) TERHADAP STATUS HIDRASI ATLET DI UKM SEPAK BOLA

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-303
Author(s):  
Siti Fadlilah ◽  
Amany Linda Saputri ◽  
Yuni Afriani ◽  
Harmili Harmili
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Watermelon Rind

Background: Football as a high-intensity sport that causes fluid loss in the body often makes athletes dehydrated which results in decreased athlete performance. Provision of adequate and appropriate drinks can prevent dehydration. Watermelon rind contains high potassium which can restore lost body fluids.Objectives: Conducted a study to determine the correlation of giving watermelon rind juice to the hydration status of athletes in the Student Football Activity Unit.Methods: The study was conducted with a quasi-experimental design with a pre-posttest without control group design. A sample of 18 soccer athletes was taken using a purposive sampling technique. Subjects were given 300 ml of watermelon rind juice for 7 days. Hydration status was obtained based on the results of urine specific gravity examination. Measurement of hydration status wasconductedbefore and after the intervention period. The research instruments were urine samples analyzed in the laboratory, SOPs for making watermelon rind juice, observation sheets for giving juice, SOPs for measuring hydration status, and hydration status observation sheets. Data analysis using Wilcoxon test.Results: Specific gravity of pretest urine obtained a median of 1.025 g/dl (min-max 1.005-1.030 g/dl). Posttest urine specific gravity received a median of 1.025 g/dl (min-max 1.010-1.031 g/dl). There was an average decrease in urine specific gravity of 0.0019 g/dl at the posttest. The results of the pretest and posttest bivariate analysis obtained a p-value of 0.391.Conclusion: There is no significant effect of watermelon rind juice on the hydration status of athletes in the Student Football Activity Unit. There is a decrease in the average specific gravity of urine after being given watermelon rind juice

scholarly journals FLUID BALANCE DURING TAEKWONDO TRAINING

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Felipe Gomes Belfort ◽  
Paulo Roberto dos Santos Amorim ◽  
Carlos Enrique Silva ◽  
Cassia Farias Fernandes Gonçalves ◽  
Priscila Rita Niquini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ad Libitum

ABSTRACT Introduction Dehydration has been described as one of the main factors of reduced performance in combat sports activities, leading to death in extreme cases. Objective To investigate the pre-training hydration status and changes in fluid homeostasis during two taekwondo training sessions. Methods Eighteen male college athletes (age 22.6 ± 3.37 years) were assessed. The study design aimed to reproduce the conditions of a 90-minute taekwondo training session, divided into three stages: a) warm-up exercises (20 min); b) poomsae (30 min) and c) technical training (40 min). The athletes had ad libitum water intake during training. To assess the hydration status we considered body mass (BM), the amount of liquid consumed and urine output, which enabled us to establish absolute and relative fluid loss in kg and percentage as well as the sweating rate. We also considered urine specific gravity (USG), urine color (U-COL), and subjective sensation of thirst (Sthirst) before and after the training session. Pre- and post-training results were compared separately in each session and between sessions. Results There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in pre-training BM between the two days of training. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in the final BM on both days of the experiment. Most subjects had relative dehydration below 2%. A significant difference (P<0.05) was recorded pre and post training for U-COL and Sthirst, with the highest rates obtained at the end of each session. Participants always started training at a low dehydration status (USG >1,020g.ml-1). Conclusions The athletes tended to start the training sessions in dehydration status, which increases over the course of the training. Ad libitum water intake was not sufficient to balance fluid loss. Changes in fluid levels between sessions were similar. Level of Evidence II; Therapeutic Studies Investigating the Results Level of Treatment.

Carbohydrate exerts a mild influence on fluid retention following exercise-induced dehydration

2010 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin L. Osterberg ◽  
Shannon E. Pallardy ◽  
Richard J. Johnson ◽  
Craig A. Horswill
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Fluid Retention ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Excessive Sweating ◽  
Rehydration Solutions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Postexercise Recovery ◽  
Exercise Induced

Rapid and complete rehydration, or restoration of fluid spaces, is important when acute illness or excessive sweating has compromised hydration status. Many studies have investigated the effects of graded concentrations of sodium and other electrolytes in rehydration solutions; however, no study to date has determined the effect of carbohydrate on fluid retention when electrolyte concentrations are held constant. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of graded levels of carbohydrate on fluid retention following exercise-induced dehydration. Fifteen heat-acclimatized men exercised in the heat for 90 min with no fluid to induce 2–3% dehydration. After a 30-min equilibration period, they received, over the course of 60 min, one of five test beverages equal to 100% of the acute change in body mass. The experimental beverages consisted of a flavored placebo with no electrolytes (P), placebo with electrolytes (P + E), 3%, 6%, and 12% carbohydrate solutions with electrolytes. All beverages contained the same type and concentration of electrolytes (18 meq/l Na+, 3 meq/l K+, 11 meq/l Cl−). Subjects voided their bladders at 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 min, and urine specific gravity and urine volume were measured. Blood samples were taken before exercise and 30, 90, 180, and 240 min following exercise and were analyzed for glucose, sodium, hemoglobin, hematocrit, renin, aldosterone, and osmolality. Body mass was measured before and after exercise and a final body mass was taken at 240 min. There were no differences in percent dehydration, sweat loss, or fluid intake between trials. Fluid retention was significantly greater for all carbohydrate beverages compared with P (66.3 ± 14.4%). P + E (71.8 ± 9.9%) was not different from water, 3% (75.4 ± 7.8%) or 6% (75.4 ± 16.4%) but was significantly less than 12% (82.4 ± 9.2%) retention of the ingested fluid. No difference was found between the carbohydrate beverages. Carbohydrate at the levels measured exerts a mild influence on fluid retention in postexercise recovery.

scholarly journals Relationships between heart rate variability and indirect indicators of hydration status in elite male field hockey players

2021 ◽  
pp. 174795412110415
Author(s):  
Jason D Vescovi ◽  
Iva Mandic ◽  
Greig Watson
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Field Hockey ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Meaningful Relationships ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between resting morning heart rate variability (HRV) metrics and indirect markers of hydration status in elite male athletes. Twenty-two field hockey players (age 26.8 ± 3.4 yr; height 178.4 ± 6.3 cm; body mass 76.2 ± 7.4 kg) were monitored over 10-d during a pre-Olympic training camp. Measurement of heart rate variability (HRV) during an orthostatic challenge, urine specific gravity (Usg, first morning void) and body mass were captured on seven of the mornings. Individual generalized linear mixed models evaluated the relationships between supine and standing HRV metrics with Usg and day-to-day change in body mass. No meaningful relationships were identified between supine (estimates −0.002 to 0.001) or standing (−0.002 to 0.003) HRV metrics and Usg as well as between supine (−0.003 to 0.016) or standing (−0.004 to 0.006) HRV metrics and changes in body mass. These outcomes indicate that supine and standing HRV metrics are not influenced by indirect indices of hydration status in elite male field hockey players.

scholarly journals OR-049 Monitoring and evaluation of Zhejiang Swimmers’ Altitude Training

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiwei Lin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
The Body ◽  
Monday Morning ◽  
Altitude Training ◽  
Training Plan ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Peak Value

Objective (1)Through the blood physiological and biochemical tests during the altitude training, to analyze the body function of swimmers in this stage.(2) Through the individual lactate threshold tests before and after the altitude training,to analyze the effects of altitude training. Methods Eight swimmers took a 26-day altitude training session.The individual lactate threshold test was carried out by the Swedish Monak839E power cycle progressive loading method before and after the training;During the altitude training period, 5ml of the subjects' elbow vein was extracted and tested on an empty stomach and in a quiet state every Monday morning. Results (1)When swimmers reached the plateau, the hemoglobin value was indistinguishable from the plain(male 156.2±7.01，female 135.7±8.75g/L),From the hemoglobin value (male 154.03 + 5.67, female 134.23 + 9.66g/L), there was a decrease in both male and female in the second week.But hypoxia stimulated red blood cell production, and the body itself was gradually adapting to the training load.Thus, the hemoglobin value of the third week (male 157.17 + 3.7, female 141.93 + 10.06g/L) was significantly improved, and higher than the level of the first week.During the altitude training period, the mean value of male’s blood testosterone was 474.33 + 97.06ng/dl, and the female’s blood testosterone was 33.67 + 17.25ng/dl.Male’s blood testosterone was lower than the mean of the national team, because the study participants were youngers who were not fully developed and had shorter training years.There were different trends in blood testosterone value between male and female. Male’s blood testosterone values during the Monday morning of these three weeks were 479.67±76.25、492.33±83.61、451±153.41ng/dl respectively.female’s blood testosterone values during the Monday morning of these three weeks were 29.33±21.83、32±23.26、39.67±9.29ng/dl respectively.These further indicated that this altitude training plan was more suitable for male with shorter training years, and the body had certain fatigue accumulation, but the decrease range was within a reasonable range.However, the increase of blood testosterone per week in female indicated that the training stimulation depth was not enough, and the potential of athletes should be further explored.According to the changes of creatine kinase, the sensitivity of male to the change of altitude training intensity was also shown, and the highest value of creatine kinase was 731U/L in the first week.(2) From the value of the individual lactate threshold before and after altitude training, no matter male or female,the change was not obvious, but was generally improved, this may be the altitude training adopted the pattern of three and a half weeks, training time was short.Secondly, as a professional athlete, the "plastic space" gradually decreased with the extension of the training years.Most of the peak blood lactate occurred in 1-3 minutes of recovery period.and the average value increased from 8.96 + 1.86mmol/L before altitude training to 9.99 + 1.47mmol/L.Among them, the peak value of male’s blood lactate was increased from 8 + 2.22mmol/L before the altitude training to 10.91 + 1.43mmol/L, and there was a significant difference in the peak of blood lactate before and after the altitude training.However, the peak value of female’s blood lactate was decreased from 9.92 + 0.79mmol/L before the altitude training to 9.07 + 0.88mmol/L. This was mainly due to the fact that a member of the swimmers had caused the result, and this swimmer’s enduring lactate level was lower than the one before the plateau. Conclusions The altitude training generally improved athletes’ training ability, but based on factors such as training age, gender, should be targeted according to the individual situation of each athlete training plan, so as to achieve more from less.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Somatic Variables of Elite Ice Hockey Players from the Czech ELH and Russian KHL

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Kutáč ◽  
Martin Sigmund
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Variables

Abstract The goals of this study were to evaluate the basic morphological variables of contemporary elite ice hockey players, compare the parameters of players in the top Russian ice hockey league (KHL) with those of the top Czech ice hockey league (ELH), and to evaluate the parameters of players according to their position in the game. The research participants included 30 KHL players (mean age: 27.1 ± 5.1 years) and 25 ELH players (mean age: 26.4 ± 5.8 years). We determined body height, body mass, and body composition (body fat, fat-free mass, segmental fat analysis). All measurements were performed at the end of preseason training. The KHL players had the following anthropometric characteristics: body height 182.97 ± 5.61 cm (forward) and 185.72 ± 3.57 cm (defenseman), body mass 89.70 ± 5.28 kg (forward) and 92.52 ± 4.01 kg (defenseman), body fat 10.76 ± 0.63 kg (forward) and 11.10 ± 0.48 kg (defenseman), fatfree mass 78.94 ± 4.65 kg (forward) and 81.42 ± 3.52 kg (defenseman). The values for ELH players were as follows: body height 182.06 ± 5.93 cm (forward) and 185.88 ± 7.13 cm (defenseman), body mass 88.47 ± 7.06 kg (forward) and 89.36 ± 10.91 kg (defenseman), body fat 12.57 ± 2.89 kg (forward) and 11.91 ± 3.10 kg (defenseman), fat-free mass 75.93 ± 6.54 kg (forward) and 77.46 ± 7.89 kg (defenseman). The results indicate that it is beneficial to ice hockey players to have increased body mass and lower body fat, which leads to higher muscle mass, thus enabling a player to perform at the highest level and meet the specific challenges of the game.

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