scholarly journals Natural Radioactivity in Clay and Building Materials Used in Latvia

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Riekstina ◽  
J. Berzins ◽  
T. Krasta ◽  
R. Svinka ◽  
O. Skrypnik
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Natural Radionuclide ◽  
Spectrometry Method ◽  
Radionuclide Content ◽  
Clay Deposits ◽  
Index Study ◽  
Analogous Data ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Clay Ceramics

Abstract This paper presents the results of natural radionuclide concentration and activity index study in materials used for construction in Latvia. Special attention is given to clay and clay ceramics. Concentrations of K-40 and Th- 232, U-238 radioactivity were determined using gamma-spectrometry method. In some building ware, maximal concentration of K-40 was 1440 Bq/kg, and of U-238 - 175 Bq/kg. In granite, the determined maximum concentration of Th-232 was 210 Bq/kg. It was found that radionuclide content in different period clay deposits can differ by more than two times, and up to five times in different clay ceramics. The results obtained are compared with analogous data from the other Baltic and North European countries.

Natural Radioactivity in Clay Ceramics and their Raw Materials in Latvia

2018 ◽  
Vol 788 ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
Daina Riekstina ◽  
Tamara Krasta ◽  
Ruta Švinka
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Natural Radionuclide ◽  
Decay Chain ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Clay Ceramics

Natural radionuclides K-40, and Th-232, U-238 (Ra-226) decay chain products contained in building materials are the main source of radiation dose received by population and the only source of indoor radiation exposure. Present work contains results of the study of natural radionuclide activity level in clay, clay ceramics and silica bricks used in Latvia. Obtained data show that radionuclide content in different clay products can differ up to five times. However, determined activity index values for all tested materials, except fireproof bricks, were below radionuclide concentration level permitted by EU and Latvian national regulations. Comparison with analogous data from other North European and Baltic countries shows that average concentrations of natural radionuclides and activity index values for clay and clay bricks used in Latvia are on the same level as in other countries, except Sweden.

scholarly journals A Research Study on the Radiological State of Building Material and the Risk Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
A. Savidou ◽  
C. Raptis ◽  
P. Kritidis
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Scintillation Counter ◽  
Natural Radionuclide ◽  
Radon Exhalation ◽  
Radionuclide Content ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Lucas Cell ◽  
Continuous Accumulation

The objective of the present study is focused an the assessment of the radiological risk from building materials used in Attica region, Greece. Bricks and concrete com- monly used in Attica region have been studied for both natural radionuclide content and radon exhalation. The high-resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy technique, as well as radon exhalation measurements, have been employed. The technique used for the measurements of the radon exhalation is called "continuous accumulation- counting" method and has been described in detail by the authors in earlier pub- lications. This measurement technique is based on the continuous air flow through a sealed chamber containing the sample and through a scintillation counter (Lucas cell). The counting is continuous as well.

Radon exhalation rate and natural radionuclide content in building materials of high background areas of Ramsar, Iran

2013 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 36-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bavarnegin ◽  
N. Fathabadi ◽  
M. Vahabi Moghaddam ◽  
M. Vasheghani Farahani ◽  
M. Moradi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Natural Radionuclide ◽  
Radon Exhalation Rate ◽  
Exhalation Rate ◽  
High Background ◽  
Radon Exhalation ◽  
Radionuclide Content

Natural radionuclide content in building materials and gamma dose rate in dwellings in Cuba

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (12) ◽  
pp. 1834-1837 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Brígido Flores ◽  
A. Montalván Estrada ◽  
R. Rosa Suárez ◽  
J. Tomás Zerquera ◽  
A. Hernández Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Natural Radionuclide ◽  
Gamma Dose ◽  
Gamma Dose Rate ◽  
Radionuclide Content

TRADITIONAL OUTBUILDINGS OF THE MORDOVIANS

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena N. Mokshina ◽  
Mihail I. Svyatkin
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Main Building ◽  
Genetic Problem ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Functional Purpose

Introduction. The article deals with the main traditional outbuildings of the Mordvinians, reported on their functional purpose in economic activity. The forms and types of outbuildings, as well as the main building materials used by Mordvinians are described in details. Their significance in the religious and ceremonial life of the ethnic group is shown. Materials and Methods. The research is based on traditional methods of ethnographic science, such as field observation, survey and interviews, and a comprehensive approach. Among the methods of historical science comparative-historical, historical-genetic, problem-chronological, structural-system were used. Among the general scientific methods of research logical, descriptive, narrative, generalization, classification and systematization were involved. To achieve the results of the study, the materials collected by the authors in the course of field surveys conducted in the Mordovian villages were mainly used. Results and Discussion. Traditional outbuildings were of great importance in the economic activity of the Mordovian ethnic group. According to their functional purpose, they can be divided into the following groups: for livestock and poultry (stable, chicken coop, stable, kalda), sanitary and hygienic (bath), warehouse buildings for storage of food, utensils, firewood, animal feed (barn, cellar, woodshed, hayloft), for processing of grain (sheep, riga, mill). Depending on the welfare and financial capacity of the family, the number of outbuildings was different. As a rule, the wealthier families had more outbuildings than the less wealthier ones. The main building material for the construction of these buildings was wood. Conclusion. Thus, the traditional outbuildings of the Mordvinians occupied an important place in its economic activities. At the same time, each of them had its own purpose and performed certain functions. Some buildings, such as a bath and a barn, had not only economic purpose, but also were the venue for a number of prayers and ceremonies. It is now ordinarily they have banya (bath-house), outdoor courtyard with standing in different places sheds, barn and cellar.

scholarly journals Architectural ruins: geoculture of the anatomy of buildings as illustrated by Casa Ippolito, Malta

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lino Bianco
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
History Of ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Building Physics

AbstractRuins are a statement on the building materials used and the construction method employed. Casa Ippolito, now in ruins, is typical of 17th-century Maltese aristocratic country residences. It represents an illustration of secondary or anthropogenic geodiversity. This paper scrutinises these ruins as a primary source in reconstructing the building’s architecture. The methodology involved on-site geographical surveying, including visual inspection and non-invasive tests, a geological survey of the local lithostratigraphy, and examination of notarial deeds and secondary sources to support findings about the building’s history as read from its ruins. An unmanned aerial vehicle was used to digitally record the parlous state of the architectural structure and karsten tubes were used to quantify the surface porosity of the limestone. The results are expressed from four perspectives. The anatomy of Casa Ippolito, as revealed in its ruins, provides a cross-section of its building history and shows two distinct phases in its construction. The tissue of Casa Ippolito—the building elements and materials—speaks of the knowledge of raw materials and their properties among the builders who worked on both phases. The architectural history of Casa Ippolito reveals how it supported its inhabitants’ wellbeing in terms of shelter, water and food. Finally, the ruins in their present state bring to the fore the site’s potential for cultural tourism. This case study aims to show that such ruins are not just geocultural remains of historical built fabric. They are open wounds in the built structure; they underpin the anatomy of the building and support insights into its former dynamics. Ruins offer an essay in material culture and building physics. Architectural ruins of masonry structures are anthropogenic discourse rendered in stone which facilitate not only the reconstruction of spaces but also places for human users; they are a statement on the wellbeing of humanity throughout history.

Field temperature and moisture loads from a building envelope as the basis for accelerated aging of barrier membranes

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 969-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzieh Riahinezhad ◽  
Augusta Eve ◽  
Marianne Armstrong ◽  
Peter Collins ◽  
J.-F. Masson
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Field Exposure ◽  
Aging Conditions ◽  
Materials Used

Temperature and relative humidity (RH) data within the building envelope of a single-family home at the National Research Council of Canada’s Canadian Centre for Housing Technology were collected over five years. We report on the distribution, rate of change, and the limits of temperature and moisture variations for south-easting wall and south-facing wall and roof systems to better understand the in-situ environmental conditions to which building materials and components typical of homes in North America may be subjected. Over an average year, wall temperature varied from −25 °C to +45 °C, and temperature followed a bimodal distribution, with maxima at 0 °C to 5 °C and 15 °C to 20 °C. Each maximum represented about 1100 h of field exposure. Roof temperatures, which spanned a temperature range from −35 °C to 75 °C, did not show a Gaussian distribution but were characterized as being multi-modal. From values of temperature and RH, absolute moisture contents within the building envelope were found to range between 1 and 55 g/m3, with the most common values being 6–8 g/m3. The application of this information is discussed and related to the development of realistic accelerated aging conditions to obtain a more accurate durability assessment of building envelope materials used in Canadian dwellings.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Environmental Assessment of Light Steel Framed Buildings with Cement-Based Walls and Floors

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10686
Author(s):  
Mona Abouhamad ◽  
Metwally Abu-Hamd
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment Methodology ◽  
Building Information Model ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Cold Formed Steel ◽  
Environmental Measures ◽  
Materials Used

The objective of this paper is to apply the life cycle assessment methodology to assess the environmental impacts of light steel framed buildings fabricated from cold formed steel (CFS) sections. The assessment covers all phases over the life span of the building from material production, construction, use, and the end of building life, in addition to loads and benefits from reuse/recycling after building disposal. The life cycle inventory and environmental impact indicators are estimated using the Athena Impact Estimator for Buildings. The input data related to the building materials used are extracted from a building information model of the building while the operating energy in the use phase is calculated using an energy simulation software. The Athena Impact Estimator calculates the following mid-point environmental measures: global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential, human health potential, ozone depletion potential, smog potential, eutrophication potential, primary and non-renewable energy (PE) consumption, and fossil fuel consumption. The LCA assessment was applied to a case study of a university building. Results of the case study related to GWP and PE were as follows. The building foundations were responsible for 29% of the embodied GWP and 20% of the embodied PE, while the CFS skeleton was responsible for 30% of the embodied GWP and 49% of the embodied PE. The production stage was responsible for 90% of the embodied GWP and embodied PE. When benefits associated with recycling/reuse were included in the analysis according to Module D of EN 15978, the embodied GWP was reduced by 15.4% while the embodied PE was reduced by 6.22%. Compared with conventional construction systems, the CFS framing systems had much lower embodied GWP and PE.

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