Field temperature and moisture loads from a building envelope as the basis for accelerated aging of barrier membranes

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 969-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzieh Riahinezhad ◽  
Augusta Eve ◽  
Marianne Armstrong ◽  
Peter Collins ◽  
J.-F. Masson
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Field Exposure ◽  
Aging Conditions ◽  
Materials Used

Temperature and relative humidity (RH) data within the building envelope of a single-family home at the National Research Council of Canada’s Canadian Centre for Housing Technology were collected over five years. We report on the distribution, rate of change, and the limits of temperature and moisture variations for south-easting wall and south-facing wall and roof systems to better understand the in-situ environmental conditions to which building materials and components typical of homes in North America may be subjected. Over an average year, wall temperature varied from −25 °C to +45 °C, and temperature followed a bimodal distribution, with maxima at 0 °C to 5 °C and 15 °C to 20 °C. Each maximum represented about 1100 h of field exposure. Roof temperatures, which spanned a temperature range from −35 °C to 75 °C, did not show a Gaussian distribution but were characterized as being multi-modal. From values of temperature and RH, absolute moisture contents within the building envelope were found to range between 1 and 55 g/m3, with the most common values being 6–8 g/m3. The application of this information is discussed and related to the development of realistic accelerated aging conditions to obtain a more accurate durability assessment of building envelope materials used in Canadian dwellings.

scholarly journals Resistance of a Silicone Membrane to Long-term UV and Moisture Aging in Light of Climate Change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Masson ◽  
Peter Collins ◽  
Marzieh Riahinezhad ◽  
Itzel Lopez-Carreon ◽  
Jocelyn Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Material Characterization ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Degradation Mechanisms ◽  
Aging Conditions ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Silicone Membranes

Three room-temperature fluid-applied silicone membranes intended for application in the building envelope were studied in this work. The membranes were subjected to 5000 hours of accelerated UV and moisture aging to evaluate their resistance to long-term aging. The properties of the membranes were studied to understand any degradation mechanisms that might happen during accelerated aging. The weight loss, wetting propensity, cracking and oxidation resistance, and storage modulus were measured at different intervals during the 5000 hours of aging. Based on the material characterization results, the silicone membranes proved to be resilient under aggressive accelerated UV radiation and moisture aging, conditions which can be expected as a result of climate change.

Experimental Study on the Thermal Conductivity of Thermal Insulation Materials Used in Residential Buildings

2014 ◽  
Vol 1025-1026 ◽  
pp. 535-538
Author(s):  
Young Sun Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
Exterior Wall ◽  
Insulation Materials ◽  
Design Documents ◽  
Materials Used

The most basic way to keep comfortable indoor environments for a building’s occupants and save energy for space heating and cooling in residential buildings is to insulate the building envelope. Among the building materials to be used, thermal insulation materials primarily influence thermal performance. In particular, the type, thermal conductivity, density, and thickness of heat insulator, are important factors influencing thermal insulation performance. We investigate the design status of residential buildings which were designed in accordance with the building code of Korea and selected the type of thermal insulation materials applied to the walls of buildings. The present study aims at measuring the thermal conductivity of thermal insulation materials used for building walls of residential buildings. In this study, after collecting the design documents of 129 residential buildings, we investigated the type and thickness of insulation materials on the exterior wall specified in the design documents. As the thermal insulation materials, extruded polystyrene (XPS) board and expanded polystyrene(EPS) board are used the most widely in Korea when designing residential buildings. The thickness of thermal insulation materials applied to the exterior wall was 70mm, most frequently applied to the design. We measured the thermal conductivity and the density of XPS board and EPS board. When the density of XPS and EPS was 30~35 kg/㎥, the thermal conductivity of XPS was 0.0292 W/mK and it of EPS was 0.0316 W/mK.

scholarly journals Niekonwencjonalne materiały budowlane w ujęciu biplotowym

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-277
Author(s):  
Ryszard Dachowski ◽  
Katarzyna Gałek ◽  
Lucjan Kamionka
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Paper Pulp ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Main Strategy

In the time of environmental threats and energy crises, sustainable development has become the main strategy of high and medium-developed countries. In construction, unconventional buildings materials used for the construction of the walls, are increasingly widespread in the construction of small single-family houses. This paper aim is to obtaining an optimal unconventional wall building materials. The selection of an optimal solution follows using multi-criteria decision making methods. The optimal solution was a brick made of paper pulp. The conceptual design of a residential building was designed for the most advantageous solution.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF LCA AND BIM METHODS IN THE ARCHITECTURE OF A SINGLE-FAMILY HOUSE IN THE CHANGING CLIMATE OF WESTERN POMERANIA

space&FORM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (44) ◽  
pp. 45-70
Author(s):  
Piotr Gradziński ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Materials Selection ◽  
Architectural Form ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Family Housing ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Family House

The paper deals concerns the problem of energy optimization of single-family housing in Poland in Western Pomerania. The problem is considered because of the changing climate in the region and the consequences. This results in the search for changes in the architectural paradigm of singlefamily houses design and the use of appropriate technical solutions that minimize the environmental impact of these buildings. The problem of changes is considered in the category of building materials selection and the architectural form shape. In the analytical part, the following analyzes were carried out: in terms of the structures of the building in minimizing CO2 emissions and energy consumption of the building materials used and environmental factors (light, shade, wind) influencing energy consumption through the building's shape in the region.

scholarly journals Durability and Climate Change—Implications for Service Life Prediction and the Maintainability of Buildings

Buildings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Lacasse ◽  
Abhishek Gaur ◽  
Travis V. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Climate Resilience ◽  
The Government ◽  
Government Of Canada

Sustainable building practices are rooted in the need for reliable information on the long-term performance of building materials; specifically, the expected service-life of building materials, components, and assemblies. This need is ever more evident given the anticipated effects of climate change on the built environment and the many governmental initiatives world-wide focused on ensuring that structures are not only resilient at their inception but also, can maintain their resilience over the long-term. The Government of Canada has funded an initiative now being completed at the National Research Council of Canada’s (NRC) Construction Research Centre on “Climate Resilience of Buildings and Core Public infrastructure”. The outcomes from this work will help permit integrating climate resilience of buildings into guides and codes for practitioners of building and infrastructure design. In this paper, the impacts of climate change on buildings are discussed and a review of studies on the durability of building envelope materials and elements is provided in consideration of the expected effects of climate change on the longevity and resilience of such products over time. Projected changes in key climate variables affecting the durability of building materials is presented such that specifications for the selection of products given climate change effects can be offered. Implications in regard to the maintainability of buildings when considering the potential effects of climate change on the durability of buildings and its components is also discussed.

scholarly journals Developing Double Walls System to Improve Building Energy Performances in Dry Tropical Climates

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Etienne MALBILA ◽  
Fati ZOMA ◽  
David Y. K. TOGUYENI ◽  
Chris-veenem Methushael COMPAORE ◽  
Dieudonné Joseph BATHIEBO
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Public Preferences ◽  
The People ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Tropical Climates

This paper deals with building envelope thermal performance through a comparative study of the use of two types of construction materials, such as CEB and cement blocks, in order to introduce the use of double walls in sustainable buildings' construction. The building envelope participates in providing thermal comfort to users and in the optimal management of building energy consumption. This study begins with a survey of public preferences for building materials used in Burkina Faso. The results indicate that 76% of the people surveyed opt for cement blocks over local materials.  Concerning the thermal and specific energy performance, three variants of building envelope were studied: CEB walls, cement blocks and the double-wall (CEB + Cement blocks). It appears that the CEB walls are more efficient than the cement block walls. The introduction of double envelopes leads to the thermal resistance of 357.37m².K/W and reduces the heat flow from 85.32% to 90.24% compared to the wall made with CEB and cement blocks. This approach, which consists in mixing construction materials for good thermal insulation, allows improving the envelope thermal performance and the overall building energy performance.

Experimental Study on the Performance of Timber Frame Wall Panels in Mediterranean Construction

2018 ◽  
Vol 1145 ◽  
pp. 146-153
Author(s):  
Tiziana Basiricò ◽  
Daniele Enea ◽  
Maria La Gennusa ◽  
Giancarlo Sorrentino
Keyword(s):  
Oriented Strand Board ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Climatic Chamber ◽  
Natural Agents ◽  
First Results

Only recently, the use of wooden buildings is spreading in the central and southern parts of the Italy due to national and EU policies on eco-sustainability and energy saving. Knowledge of the durability of the building envelope elements, generally made with dry assembled stratified systems, is still insufficient. The paper presents the first results of a durability evaluation of multilayer timber panel applied to Platform Frame System buildings, focusing on the variation of energy performance over time. The case study describes the construction of two single-family houses in the municipality of San Cataldo (Sicily, Italy). The used timber multilayer panel presents a stratigraphy suitable for climatic characteristics and is made of a lamellar spruce frame inside which rock wool insulation panels are laid and stiffened on both sides by OSB panels (Oriented Strand Board). The test methodology adopted is described in the ISO 15686 and based on the comparison between on-site monitoring data and data from laboratory tests of accelerated aging in climatic chamber. The selected parameters to be measured were: surface colour and thermal transmittance. The surface colour was also monitored during 2 years of exposition to natural agents, comparing the results to those of laboratory monitoring, thus obtaining the corresponding time rescaling for different facades, showing the best results for W, S and N ones. Theoretical thermal conductivity calculation was verified with laboratory data on representative samples of the real system by standardized methodology before accelerated aging. Thermal performance variations were assessed due to artificial aging inside climatic chamber, identifying the most deteriorating functional materials and layers and their influence on energy performance.

Optimization of Building Envelope Components Based on Life Cycle Environmental Impacts and Costs

2014 ◽  
Vol 899 ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter Medgyasszay ◽  
Zsuzsa Szalay
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Operational Energy

Recent national and international building regulations on the energy performance of buildings focus mainly on the reduction of operational energy. This can be achieved by increasing the energy efficiency of the building, installing highly efficient building service systems and applying renewable energy sources. However, these measures have a price in terms of investment costs, and also in terms of environmental impacts. The life-cycle of building materials, building constructions or whole buildings from cradle to grave can be assessed using the method of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Cost analysis (LCC). These tools take into account not only the heating energy saving due to additional insulation, but also the embodied environmental impacts and costs of the investment. In this paper, the optimum thickness of various insulation materials, including natural and recycled materials is examined considering three main environmental indicators and global costs. The analysis is performed for a typical Hungarian single-family house subject to retrofit.

TRADITIONAL OUTBUILDINGS OF THE MORDOVIANS

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena N. Mokshina ◽  
Mihail I. Svyatkin
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Main Building ◽  
Genetic Problem ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Functional Purpose

Introduction. The article deals with the main traditional outbuildings of the Mordvinians, reported on their functional purpose in economic activity. The forms and types of outbuildings, as well as the main building materials used by Mordvinians are described in details. Their significance in the religious and ceremonial life of the ethnic group is shown. Materials and Methods. The research is based on traditional methods of ethnographic science, such as field observation, survey and interviews, and a comprehensive approach. Among the methods of historical science comparative-historical, historical-genetic, problem-chronological, structural-system were used. Among the general scientific methods of research logical, descriptive, narrative, generalization, classification and systematization were involved. To achieve the results of the study, the materials collected by the authors in the course of field surveys conducted in the Mordovian villages were mainly used. Results and Discussion. Traditional outbuildings were of great importance in the economic activity of the Mordovian ethnic group. According to their functional purpose, they can be divided into the following groups: for livestock and poultry (stable, chicken coop, stable, kalda), sanitary and hygienic (bath), warehouse buildings for storage of food, utensils, firewood, animal feed (barn, cellar, woodshed, hayloft), for processing of grain (sheep, riga, mill). Depending on the welfare and financial capacity of the family, the number of outbuildings was different. As a rule, the wealthier families had more outbuildings than the less wealthier ones. The main building material for the construction of these buildings was wood. Conclusion. Thus, the traditional outbuildings of the Mordvinians occupied an important place in its economic activities. At the same time, each of them had its own purpose and performed certain functions. Some buildings, such as a bath and a barn, had not only economic purpose, but also were the venue for a number of prayers and ceremonies. It is now ordinarily they have banya (bath-house), outdoor courtyard with standing in different places sheds, barn and cellar.

scholarly journals Critical Review of Polymeric Building Envelope Materials: Degradation, Durability and Service Life Prediction

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Marzieh Riahinezhad ◽  
Madeleine Hallman ◽  
J-F. Masson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Life Prediction ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Service Life Prediction ◽  
Degradation Mechanisms ◽  
Material Component ◽  
Aging Conditions ◽  
Environmentally Sound

This paper provides a critical review of the degradation, durability and service life prediction (SLP) of polymeric building envelope materials (BEMs), namely, claddings, air/vapour barriers, insulations, sealants, gaskets and fenestration. The rate of material deterioration and properties determine the usefulness of a product; therefore, knowledge of the significant degradation mechanisms in play for BEMs is key to the design of proper SLP methods. SLP seeks to estimate the life expectancy of a material/component exposed to in-service conditions. This topic is especially important with respect to the potential impacts of climate change. The surrounding environment of a building dictates the degradation mechanisms in play, and as climate change progresses, material aging conditions become more unpredictable. This can result in unexpected changes and/or damages to BEMs, and shorter than expected SL. The development of more comprehensive SLP methods is economically and environmentally sound, and it will provide more confidence, comfort and safety to all building users. The goal of this paper is to review the existing literature in order to identify the knowledge gaps and provide suggestions to address these gaps in light of the rapidly evolving climate.

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