The potential of porous silicon particles for multi-epitopic vaccine development

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Navarro-Tovar ◽  
A. Wong-Arce ◽  
M. Campos-Portillo ◽  
G. Palestino ◽  
S. Rosales-Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Porous Silicon ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Vaccine Delivery ◽  
Subunit Vaccines ◽  
Convenient Approach ◽  
Delivery Vehicles ◽  
Potential Vaccine ◽  
And Control ◽  
Vaccine Delivery Vehicle ◽  
Silicon Particles

AbstractVaccination is a crucial approach to eradicate and control amyriad of infectious and non-communicable diseases. Subunit vaccines are considered the most convenient approach for vaccine formulation; however, the development of new adjuvants and vaccine delivery vehicles to improve the immunogenicity of such formulations is needed. The authors of this review describe the recent application of porous silicon particles (PSiP) as both a potential vaccine delivery vehicle and adjuvant. PSiP are attractive for this application due to its safety, biodegradability and compatibility for functionalization. Herein, the development of multi-epitope cancer vaccines is discussed as an example on how PSiP are promising materials for the development of innovative vaccines.

scholarly journals AN OVERVIEW OF RECOMBINANT VACCINE TECHNOLOGY, ADJUVANTS AND VACCINE DELIVERY METHODS

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuaibu Abdullahi Hudu ◽  
Saadatu Haruna Shinkafi ◽  
Shuaibu Umar
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Journal Article ◽  
Vaccine Delivery ◽  
Recombinant Vaccine ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
New Generation ◽  
And Control

Development of an effective vaccine is of paramount important in disease prevention and control. As such, recombinant technology can serve as a gateway for the development of safe and effective vaccines that can be delivered effectively with an appropriate adjuvant. Therefore, this paper aimed to review the role of recombinant vaccine technology, new adjuvants and the challenge of vaccine delivery. Related peer-reviewed journal article searches were conducted using a subscribed database at the Universiti Putra Malaysia library, involving areas of Health Sciences and Medicine via Medline, SCOPUS and Google Scholar. New generation vaccines include highly purified synthetic or recombinant antigens that stimulate effective cell-mediated immune and mucosal immunity. In order to enhance their efficacy, a number of adjuvants are used. Efforts have also been made to explore the usage of non-invasive routes of administration, devices and equipment for optimized antigen and immune-potentiator delivery of the immune system. Recombinant vaccine technology is rapid, compared to the traditional method of vaccine development and does not require the handling of live viruses. It is, therefore, a promising technology for developing a future vaccine to curb emerging and re-emerging viral infections that may be life-threatening or teratogenic.

scholarly journals The Potential of Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles as Adjuvants and Vaccine Delivery Vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Sun ◽  
Wenyi Li ◽  
Jason C. Lenzo ◽  
James A. Holden ◽  
Michael J. McCullough ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Vaccine Delivery ◽  
Vaccine Design ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Immunological Effects ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles ◽  
Delivery Vehicles

Vaccination is one of the most efficacious and cost-effective ways to protect people from infectious diseases and potentially cancer. The shift in vaccine design from disrupted whole pathogens to subunit antigens has brought attention on to vaccine delivery materials. For the last two decades, nanotechnology-based vaccines have attracted considerable attention as delivery vehicles and adjuvants to enhance immunogenicity, exemplified with the current COVID vaccines. The nanoparticle vaccines display unique features in protecting antigens from degradation, controlled antigen release and longer persisting immune response. Due to their size, shape and surface charge, they can be outstanding adjuvants to achieve various immunological effects. With the safety and biodegradable benefit of calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CaP NPs), they are an efficient carrier for vaccine design and adjuvants. Several research groups have studied CaP NPs in the field of vaccination with great advances. Although there are several reports on the overview of CaP NPs, they are limited to the application in biomedicine, drug delivery, bone regeneration and the methodologies of CaP NPs synthesis. Hence, we summarised the basic properties of CaP NPs and the recent vaccine development of CaP NPs in this review.

scholarly journals Development of Fish Parasite Vaccines in the OMICs Era: Progress and Opportunities

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Saloni Shivam ◽  
Mansour El-Matbouli ◽  
Gokhlesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Proteomic Data ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Parasite Biology ◽  
Potential Vaccine ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
And Control

Globally, parasites are increasingly being recognized as catastrophic agents in both aquaculture sector and in the wild aquatic habitats leading to an estimated annual loss between 1.05 billion and 9.58 billion USD. The currently available therapeutic and control measures are accompanied by many limitations. Hence, vaccines are recommended as the “only green and effective solution” to address these concerns and protect fish from pathogens. However, vaccine development warrants a better understanding of host–parasite interaction and parasite biology. Currently, only one commercial parasite vaccine is available against the ectoparasite sea lice. Additionally, only a few trials have reported potential vaccine candidates against endoparasites. Transcriptome, genome, and proteomic data at present are available only for a limited number of aquatic parasites. Omics-based interventions can be significant in the identification of suitable vaccine candidates, finally leading to the development of multivalent vaccines for significant protection against parasitic infections in fish. The present review highlights the progress in the immunobiology of pathogenic parasites and the prospects of vaccine development. Finally, an approach for developing a multivalent vaccine for parasitic diseases is presented. Data sources to prepare this review included Pubmed, google scholar, official reports, and websites.

scholarly journals Platforms for Production of Protein-Based Vaccines: From Classical to Next-Generation Strategies

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1072
Author(s):  
Raquel Cid ◽  
Jorge Bolívar
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Subunit Vaccines ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Alternative Systems ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines

To date, vaccination has become one of the most effective strategies to control and reduce infectious diseases, preventing millions of deaths worldwide. The earliest vaccines were developed as live-attenuated or inactivated pathogens, and, although they still represent the most extended human vaccine types, they also face some issues, such as the potential to revert to a pathogenic form of live-attenuated formulations or the weaker immune response associated with inactivated vaccines. Advances in genetic engineering have enabled improvements in vaccine design and strategies, such as recombinant subunit vaccines, have emerged, expanding the number of diseases that can be prevented. Moreover, antigen display systems such as VLPs or those designed by nanotechnology have improved the efficacy of subunit vaccines. Platforms for the production of recombinant vaccines have also evolved from the first hosts, Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to insect or mammalian cells. Traditional bacterial and yeast systems have been improved by engineering and new systems based on plants or insect larvae have emerged as alternative, low-cost platforms. Vaccine development is still time-consuming and costly, and alternative systems that can offer cost-effective and faster processes are demanding to address infectious diseases that still do not have a treatment and to face possible future pandemics.

scholarly journals National control laboratory independent lot testing of COVID-19 vaccines: the UK experience

npj Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola J. Rose ◽  
Paul Stickings ◽  
Silke Schepelmann ◽  
Marc J. A. Bailey ◽  
Chris Burns
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Regulatory Approval ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Discovery Research ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Vaccine Availability ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe past 18 months have seen an unprecedented approach to vaccine development in the global effort against the COVID-19 pandemic. The process from discovery research, through clinical trials and regulatory approval often takes more than 10 years. However, the critical need to expedite vaccine availability in the pandemic has meant that new approaches to development, manufacturing, and regulation have been required: this has necessitated many stages of product development, clinical trials, and manufacturing to be undertaken in parallel at a global level. Through the development of these innovative products, the world has the best chance of finding individual, or combinations of, vaccines that will provide adequate protection for the world’s population. Despite the huge scientific and regulatory achievements and significant investment to accelerate vaccine availability, it is essential that safety measures are not compromised. Here we focus on the post regulatory approval testing by independent laboratories that provides an additional assurance of the safety and quality of a product, with an emphasis on the UK experience through the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), an expert centre of the UK’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).

scholarly journals Immune Response to Herpes Simplex Virus Infection and Vaccine Development

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony C. Ike ◽  
Chisom J. Onu ◽  
Chukwuebuka M. Ononugbo ◽  
Eleazar E. Reward ◽  
Sophia O. Muo
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Subunit Vaccines ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Hsv Infections

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are among the most common viral infections and usually last for a lifetime. The virus can potentially be controlled with vaccines since humans are the only known host. However, despite the development and trial of many vaccines, this has not yet been possible. This is normally attributed to the high latency potential of the virus. Numerous immune cells, particularly the natural killer cells and interferon gamma and pathways that are used by the body to fight HSV infections have been identified. On the other hand, the virus has developed different mechanisms, including using different microRNAs to inhibit apoptosis and autophagy to avoid clearance and aid latency induction. Both traditional and new methods of vaccine development, including the use of live attenuated vaccines, replication incompetent vaccines, subunit vaccines and recombinant DNA vaccines are now being employed to develop an effective vaccine against the virus. We conclude that this review has contributed to a better understanding of the interplay between the immune system and the virus, which is necessary for the development of an effective vaccine against HSV.

scholarly journals Leishmaniasis: Current Status of Vaccine Development

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuela Handman
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocytes ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Dna Encoding ◽  
And Control

SUMMARY Leishmaniae are obligatory intracellular protozoa in mononuclear phagocytes. They cause a spectrum of diseases, ranging in severity from spontaneously healing skin lesions to fatal visceral disease. Worldwide, there are 2 million new cases each year and 1/10 of the world's population is at risk of infection. To date, there are no vaccines against leishmaniasis and control measures rely on chemotherapy to alleviate disease and on vector control to reduce transmission. However, a major vaccine development program aimed initially at cutaneous leishmaniasis is under way. Studies in animal models and humans are evaluating the potential of genetically modified live attenuated vaccines, as well as a variety of recombinant antigens or the DNA encoding them. The program also focuses on new adjuvants, including cytokines, and delivery systems to target the T helper type 1 immune responses required for the elimination of this intracellular organism. The availability, in the near future, of the DNA sequences of the human and Leishmania genomes will extend the vaccine program. New vaccine candidates such as parasite virulence factors will be identified. Host susceptibility genes will be mapped to allow the vaccine to be targeted to the population most in need of protection.

Mesoporous ZnO nanocapsules for the induction of enhanced antigen-specific immunological responses

Nanoscale ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (38) ◽  
pp. 14641-14653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumbul Afroz ◽  
Himadri Medhi ◽  
Somedutta Maity ◽  
Gillipsie Minhas ◽  
Srikanth Battu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Delivery ◽  
Delivery Vehicle ◽  
Immunological Responses ◽  
Mesoporous Zno ◽  
Vaccine Delivery Vehicle

Herein, we have designed novel mesoporous ZnO (mZnO) nanocapsules with a size of ∼12 nm and loaded them with Ova protein. In vivo studies in mice highlight the potency of the antigen loaded mZnO nanocapsules as an efficient adjuvant and vaccine delivery vehicle.

Reversible Lithium-Ion Storage in Silver-Treated Nanoscale Hollow Porous Silicon Particles

2012 ◽  
Vol 124 (10) ◽  
pp. 2459-2463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongyun Chen ◽  
Xiao Mei ◽  
Ge Ji ◽  
Meihua Lu ◽  
Jianping Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porous Silicon ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Ion Storage ◽  
Silicon Particles

Composition and Structure of Spark Eroded Porous Silicon

1992 ◽  
Vol 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Hummel ◽  
S.-S. Chang ◽  
M. Ludwig ◽  
A. Morrone
Keyword(s):  
Porous Silicon ◽  
Polycrystalline Silicon ◽  
Amorphous Matrix ◽  
Vibrational Modes ◽  
Photoluminescence Spectra ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Bending Mode ◽  
Spark Erosion ◽  
Silicon Particles

ABSTRACTPorous silicon which has been prepared by a “dry” technique, that is, by spark erosion, yields similar photoluminescence spectra as anodically etched porous silicon which has been prepared in aqueous solutions. Fourier transform infrared spectra reveal that the dominant features in spark eroded silicon are the Si-O-Si stretching mode and the Si-O-Si bending mode. No infrared vibrational modes characteristic for siloxene have been found in spark eroded Si. Results from X-ray and electron diffraction studies suggest that spark eroded Si involves minute polycrystalline silicon particles which are imbedded in an amorphous matrix.

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