State Policies toward Islam in Twenty Countries in Western Europe: The Accommodation of Islam Index

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Serdar Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
State Policies ◽  
The State ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Policy Decisions ◽  
Halal Food ◽  
Country Differences ◽  
Western European ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
Regional Governments

AbstractThis study creates an index that reveals the extent to which Western European countries accommodate Islamic traditions and practices. The index covers six realms in which Muslim communities seek accommodation: (1) education, (2) chaplaincy services, (3) mosques, (4) cemeteries, (5) Islamic attire, and (6) halal food. The study examines and quantifies the state policies in twenty Western European countries on both national and municipal levels with a particular focus on actual implementation. Results indicate that Western European countries vary widely in terms of their accommodation of Islam. There are also notable within-country differences, due in part to regional governments, as they also make and/or implement policy decisions. Both between- and within-country variations in the accommodation of Islam reveal a variety of nuances, and blur dual categories, such as ethnic-civic and assimilationist-integrationist.

scholarly journals Electoral Cycles in Government Policy Making: Strategic Timing of Austerity Reform Measures in Western Europe

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Strobl ◽  
Hanna Bäck ◽  
Wolfgang C. Müller ◽  
Mariyana Angelova
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Policy Decisions ◽  
Leadership Change ◽  
Prime Ministers ◽  
Electoral Cycles ◽  
Western European ◽  
Empirical Analyses

AbstractThis article investigates whether governing parties strategically time austerity policies to help them win re-election. It contributes to existing research by focusing directly on government policy output, analyzing over 1,200 welfare and taxation austerity measures in thirteen Western European countries over twenty years. In line with previous research, the authors find that governments become less likely to introduce austerity measures as elections approach. The study introduces original hypotheses about which governments have theabilityandopportunityto strategically time policy decisions. The authors suggest that minimal winning cabinets with leadership change (new prime ministers) face less complex bargaining environments and can credibly shift responsibility for austerity measures to the preceding government. The empirical analyses show that these governments are most likely to strategically time austerity policies.

scholarly journals Administrative-Territorial Reform: The Experience of the Countries of Western Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (65) ◽  
pp. 248-267
Author(s):  
Yuriy Harust ◽  
Yevhen Durnov ◽  
Andrii Boichuk ◽  
Olena Chernezhenko ◽  
Ivan Holosnichenko
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Scientific Investigation ◽  
The State ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Main Research ◽  
State Administration ◽  
Western European

The relevance of this article is conditioned by the decentralization of the reform of political power in Ukraine, which presents the State with the permanent challenge of finding new ways to solve the problems of governance and governability at the district and regional level. The objective of the article was to carry out a scientific investigation on the mechanism of introduction of institutes of prefects in Ukraine, based on the experience of the main western European countries. The main research methods are general and specific, including the methods of logic, analysis and comparison of the sources consulted. The results of this study are to identify ways to introduce an institute of prefects in Ukraine. By way of conclusion, it highlights the importance of the results obtained, which is reflected in the fact that this study can serve as a basis to delineate future changes to the current legislation of Ukraine on issues of state administration, at the district and regional level, by introducing the institute of prefects.

scholarly journals The comparative triad "state-education-church" in Ukraine and some countries of Western Europe

2014 ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Yaroslav Stockiy
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Christian Ethics ◽  
European Countries ◽  
State Education ◽  
Elective Course ◽  
Western European ◽  
Church Schools

The urgency of the topic is due to the lack of research on the problem of the school curriculum with regard to the special elective course "Fundamentals of Christian ethics", its curriculum, the professionalism of teachers, the role of students in education, certain religious uniqueness in polyconfessional Ukraine, and comparison with religious studies in public, private or church schools of some Western European countries.

scholarly journals How can national governance affect education quality in Western Europe?

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Gerged ◽  
Mohamed Elheddad
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
The Body ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Education Quality ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Western European

Purpose As the international society faces unprecedented challenges associated with resource scarcity, governance scandals, increasing injustice and inequality, new opportunities for higher education institutions are emerging. This paper aims to investigate the association between national governance standards and education quality across nine western European countries, namely, the UK, Germany, France, Finland, Norway, Switzerland, Sweden, Denmark and Ireland. Design/methodology/approach Using panel data from 2002 to 2017, this paper uses fixed-effects and random-effects models to examine the relationship between national governance (proxied by voice and accountability (V&A) indicator) and education quality (proxied by human development index: education index). This analysis is supplemented with conducting instrumental variable (IV) estimations to address any concerns regarding the expected occurrence of endogeneity problems. Findings The findings are suggestive of a significant and positive relationship between national governance and education quality in Europe. This implies that national governance standards, such as V&A, are essential actors in the enhancement of the quality of educational institutions’ outcomes. Research limitations/implications Policymakers should implement stricter regulations and ensure that accountability indicators are motivated if they wish to increase the spending on education, which is associated with better qualities of educational institutions. A culture of continuous review of education policies needs to be upheld in the Western Europe region to be watchful of any emerging problems while maintaining a sustainable relationship between the rule of law and the education administration. Originality/value So far, a minimal number of studies focussed on examining the role of country-level governance in advancing education quality. This study, therefore, extends the body of prior literature by investigating the possible effect of national governance structures on education quality across a sample of Western European countries.

scholarly journals Microsystematic revision of the populations of Abax parallelepipedus (Piller & Mitterpacher, 1783) occurring in central-western Europe (Coleoptera Carabidae)

2016 ◽  
pp. 3-32
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Zanella
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Abax Parallelepipedus ◽  
Western European ◽  
Form Features ◽  
Alpine Environments ◽  
European Populations

Morphological variation of central-western European populations of Abax parallelepipedus was studied in order to revise the microsystematics of this species. Original descriptions and systematic revisions published since the second half of the 18th century are discussed. Biometric variables and morphometric indexes were evaluated on 792 specimens sampled from several European countries. The data were statistically analysed in order to discriminate the populations significantly differentiated from the nominotypical form. Features of male genitalia are also discussed. The results attest that the morphological variation becomes more relevant among populations inhabiting alpine environments and the Italian ones show the most distinctive modifications of somatic and/or aedeagic traits. On the basis of these results, A. p. euganensis Schatzmayr, 1944 is resurrected from synonymy with A. p. inferior, whereas the following new synonymies are proposed:Abax parallelepipedus parallelepipedus (Piller & Mitterpacher, 1783) = A. p. subpunctatus (Dejean, 1828) syn. nov. = A. p. audouini (L. Dufour, 1851) syn. nov. = A. p. germanus Schauberger, 1927 syn. nov.Abax parallelepipedus inferior (Seidlitz, 1887) = A. p. alpigradus Schauberger, 1927 (sensu Schatzmayr, 1944) syn. nov.A phylogeographical scenario is hypothesized and discussed in the light of the collected data.

EFFECT OF THE ECONOMIC CRISIS 2007-2008 ON STRATEGIES OF MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
Vitaliy Bondarchuk ◽  
Alina Raboshuk ◽  
Svitlana Shypina
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
The State ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Top Managers ◽  
Eastern European Countries

The paper is aimed at the study of the effects of world financial crisis of 2007-2008 on the strategies of the multinational corporations operating in Central and Eastern Europe. The economic downturn has abruptly halted the successful economic growth of the Central and Eastern European countries in the years preceding the crisis. In this connection, the question arises whether these structural changes in the economy will lead to reevaluation of expansion strategy by the foreign multinational corporations in Central and Eastern Europe. t has been established that in the post-crisis period the middle and top managers have a tendency towards paying more attention to the state competitiveness, the quality of the state institutions, and its political leadership. Moreover, movement of production facilities and logistics systems from Western Europe to the Eastern and Central European countries will be continued, due to cheaper resources and loyal conditions of access to them.

scholarly journals European Muslim Diasporic Geographies

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-86
Author(s):  
Roza Tsagarousianou
Keyword(s):  
Muslim World ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Identification Process ◽  
Cultural Negotiation ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Western European ◽  
Muslims In Europe ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
Place And Identity

This article, based on extensive fieldwork among Muslim communities in five western European countries, explores the ways in which European Muslims ‘situate’ themselves emotionally, culturally and politically vis-à-vis fellow Muslims in Europe and the Muslim world. Drawing on theories of space, place and identity, the article examines processes that amount to the construction of translocal/transnational phenomenological geographies through the utilization of time/space distanciating technologies to cultivate long-distance relations that are crucial to the identification process of European Muslims. Through these they engage in processes of cultural negotiation and translation, of forging of local and translocal links and solidarities that rest on making cognitive and emotional investments and thereby constructing and disseminating narratives shared among themselves and other Muslims.

scholarly journals Consequences of the Radicalization of Migration Policy In Western Europe: Socio-Economic Aspect

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 78-90
Author(s):  
Maxim Kulaga
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
State Of The Economy ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Western European ◽  
Migration Crisis

The problem of regulating migration flows in the European Union has existed for a long time and is becomingmore difficult and complex every year. Due to the complexity of the distribution of migrants among the member countries of the organization, as well as the divergence of domestic interests of individual countries and the pan-European policy vector, internal opposition arises, which is expressed in protests and political initiatives that radicalize society. Such trends are developing especially actively in the countries of Western Europe, the most economically developed and progressive, which have taken over most of the legal migrants who have arrived. The migration policy of Western European countries has undergone a very strong metamorphosis over the past five years. Since the beginning of the migration crisis in 2015, it is possible to trace a significant strengthening and tightening of measures regulating the situation of migrants on the territory of states. It should be noted that during the same period, a new round of development of radical parties followed in many European countries, but it was in Western European countries that radical changes in politics took place. It is quite difficult to determine what impact migrants have on the state of the economy of states, as well as their relations with the indigenous inhabitants of Western European countries. Accordingly, the purpose of this article will be to consider the socio-economic impact of migrants on the countries of Western Europe during the period of radicalization of the policy of the states of the region in the context of the global COVID-19 pandemic. Among the methods used in this study, it is necessary to distinguish empirical and theoretical ones, such as comparison, analysis and synthesis. The sources were considered on the basis of a system-structural approach to the study of complex political and social processes and phenomena, taking into account many aspects of the development of modern society and the political process in the countries. The analysis of the current situation was carried out on the basis of the principles of historicism, cultural and political continuity. The results of this study can be used in the future to form effective methods of countering social conflicts arising as a result of migration.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of Future Finance and Economics Specialists’ Training in Western European Countries and Ukraine

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Olena Homoniuk ◽  
Larysa Pokudina
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Approaches To Learning ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Education ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Education Organization ◽  
Western European

Abstract The article touches on the peculiarities of future finance and economics specialists’ training in educational establishments of Western Europe and Ukraine. The problem of higher economic education has been considered. The experience of higher economic education organization in developed European countries has been generalized. The peculiarities of finance students’ training at foreign and Ukrainian universities have been defined. The approaches to learning and implementing of interdisciplinary links into the teaching practice of European higher educational establishments have been studied, as well as participation and influence of non-government organizations and foundations on the development of economic education in Western European countries. The authors have concluded that it is necessary to create a Ukrainian model of future finance and economics specialists’ training taking into consideration national and economic conditions of the state functioning as well as developed countries experience.

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