Stimulus-responsive liposomes as smart nanoplatforms for drug delivery applications

AbstractLiposomes are known to be promising nanoparticles (NPs) for drug delivery applications. Among the different types of self-assembled NPs, liposomes stand out for their non-toxic nature and their possession of dual hydrophilic-hydrophobic domains. The advantages of liposomes include the ability to solubilize hydrophobic drugs, the ability to incorporate different hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs at the same time, lessening the exposure of host organs to potentially toxic drugs and allowing modification of the surface by a variety of different chemical groups. This modification of the surface, or of the individual constituents, may be used to achieve two important goals. First, ligands for active targeting can be attached that are recognized by cognate receptors overexpressed on the target cells of tissues. Second, modification can be used to impart a stimulus-responsive or “smart” character to the liposomes, whereby the cargo is released on demand only when certain internal stimuli (pH, reducing agents, specific enzymes) or external stimuli [light, magnetic field, or ultrasound (US)] are present. Here, we review the field of smart liposomes for drug delivery applications.

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Simultaneous Exposure of Different Nanoparticles Influences Cell Uptake

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics14010136 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 136

Author(s):

Isa de Boer ◽

Ceri J. Richards ◽

Christoffer Åberg

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Individual Cell ◽

Model System ◽

Cell Uptake ◽

Target Cells ◽

Cell Level ◽

Polystyrene Nanoparticles ◽

Simultaneous Exposure ◽

Different Types ◽

Uptake Studies

Drug delivery using nano-sized carriers holds tremendous potential for curing a range of diseases. The internalisation of nanoparticles by cells, however, remains poorly understood, restricting the possibility for optimising entrance into target cells, avoiding off-target cells and evading clearance. The majority of nanoparticle cell uptake studies have been performed in the presence of only the particle of interest; here, we instead report measurements of uptake when the cells are exposed to two different types of nanoparticles at the same time. We used carboxylated polystyrene nanoparticles of two different sizes as a model system and exposed them to HeLa cells in the presence of a biomolecular corona. Using flow cytometry, we quantify the uptake at both average and individual cell level. Consistent with previous literature, we show that uptake of the larger particles is impeded in the presence of competing smaller particles and, conversely, that uptake of the smaller particles is promoted by competing larger particles. While the mechanism(s) underlying these observations remain(s) undetermined, we are partly able to restrain the likely possibilities. In the future, these effects could conceivably be used to enhance uptake of nano-sized particles used for drug delivery, by administering two different types of particles at the same time.

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Stimulus-responsive liposomes as smart nanoplatforms for drug delivery applications

nano Online ◽

10.1515/nano.0034.00141 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Parham Sahandi Zangabad ◽

Soroush Mirkiani ◽

Shayan Shahsavari ◽

Behrad Masoudi ◽

Maryam Masroor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Stimulus Responsive ◽

Drug Delivery Applications

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Peptide Self-Assembled Nanostructures for Drug Delivery Applications

Journal of Nanomaterials ◽

10.1155/2017/4562474 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Taotao Fan ◽

Xiaoyan Yu ◽

Bing Shen ◽

Leming Sun

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Low Cost ◽

Drug Loading ◽

Chemical Diversity ◽

Stimuli Responsive ◽

Different Types ◽

Good Biocompatibility ◽

Drug Delivery Applications ◽

Self Assembled ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

Peptide self-assembled nanostructures are very popular in many biomedical applications. Drug delivery is one of the most promising applications among them. The tremendous advantages for peptide self-assembled nanostructures include good biocompatibility, low cost, tunable bioactivity, high drug loading capacities, chemical diversity, specific targeting, and stimuli responsive drug delivery at disease sites. Peptide self-assembled nanostructures such as nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanofibers, and hydrogels have been investigated by many researchers for drug delivery applications. In this review, the underlying mechanisms for the self-assembled nanostructures based on peptides with different types and structures are introduced and discussed. Peptide self-assembled nanostructures associated promising drug delivery applications such as anticancer drug and gene drug delivery are highlighted. Furthermore, peptide self-assembled nanostructures for targeted and stimuli responsive drug delivery applications are also reviewed and discussed.

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Understanding the Factors Influencing Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles-Protein Corona Interaction and Drug Delivery Applications

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25204758 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (20) ◽

pp. 4758

Author(s):

Cristina Moraru ◽

Manuela Mincea ◽

Gheorghita Menghiu ◽

Vasile Ostafe

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Targeted Drug Delivery ◽

Biological Fluids ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Protein Corona ◽

Target Cells ◽

Major Application ◽

Targeted Drug ◽

Drug Delivery Applications

Chitosan is a polymer that is extensively used to prepare nanoparticles (NPs) with tailored properties for applications in many fields of human activities. Among them, targeted drug delivery, especially when cancer therapy is the main interest, is a major application of chitosan-based NPs. Due to its positive charges, chitosan is used to produce the core of the NPs or to cover NPs made from other types of polymers, both strategies aiming to protect the carried drug until NPs reach the target sites and to facilitate the uptake and drug delivery into these cells. A major challenge in the design of these chitosan-based NPs is the formation of a protein corona (PC) upon contact with biological fluids. The composition of the PC can, to some extent, be modulated depending on the size, shape, electrical charge and hydrophobic/hydrophilic characteristics of the NPs. According to the composition of the biological fluids that have to be crossed during the journey of the drug-loaded NPs towards the target cells, the surface of these particles can be changed by covering their core with various types of polymers or with functionalized polymers carrying some special molecules, that will preferentially adsorb some proteins in their PC. The PC’s composition may change by continuous processes of adsorption and desorption, depending on the affinity of these proteins for the chemical structure of the surface of NPs. Beside these, in designing the targeted drug delivery NPs one can take into account their toxicity, initiation of an immune response, participation (enhancement or inhibition) in certain metabolic pathways or chemical processes like reactive oxygen species, type of endocytosis of target cells, and many others. There are cases in which these processes seem to require antagonistic properties of nanoparticles. Products that show good behavior in cell cultures may lead to poor in vivo results, when the composition of the formed PC is totally different. This paper reviews the physico-chemical properties, cellular uptake and drug delivery applications of chitosan-based nanoparticles, specifying the factors that contribute to the success of the targeted drug delivery. Furthermore, we highlight the role of the protein corona formed around the NP in its intercellular fate.

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Stimuli-Responsive Polymeric Nanosystems for Controlled Drug Delivery

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11209541 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (20) ◽

pp. 9541

Author(s):

Zhichu Xiang ◽

Mouquan Liu ◽

Jun Song

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Drug Release ◽

Therapeutic Efficacy ◽

Normal Tissue ◽

Controlled Drug Delivery ◽

Polymeric Materials ◽

Stimuli Responsive ◽

Antitumor Therapy ◽

Drug Delivery Applications ◽

External Stimuli

Biocompatible nanosystems based on polymeric materials are promising drug delivery nanocarrier candidates for antitumor therapy. However, the efficacy is unsatisfying due to nonspecific accumulation and drug release of the nanoparticles in normal tissue. Recently, the nanosystems that can be triggered by tumor-specific stimuli have drawn great interest for drug delivery applications due to their controllable drug release properties. In this review, various polymers and external stimuli that can be employed to develop stimuli-responsive polymeric nanosystems are discussed, and finally, we delineate the challenges in designing this kind of Nanomedicine to improve the therapeutic efficacy.

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Nanoferrites-Based Drug Delivery Systems as Adjuvant Therapy for Cancer Treatments. Current Challenges and Future Perspectives

10.5772/intechopen.100225 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Felipe Ocampo Osorio ◽

Jhon Augusto Jativa Herrera ◽

Oscar Moscoso Londoño ◽

César Leandro Londoño Calderón

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

The Body ◽

Target Cells ◽

Future Perspectives ◽

Cancer Treatments ◽

Area Of Interest ◽

Nanostructured Systems ◽

Drug Delivery Applications ◽

Therapeutic Substance ◽

Low Solubility

Cancer is the second cause of death worldwide, whose treatment often involves chemotherapy. In a conventional therapy, drug is transported (and usually absorbed) across biological membranes through diffusion and systemic transport. The pathway that medicine must travel before reaching the desired location, can bring adverse or unwanted effects, which are mainly the result of: low bioavailability, low solubility and toxicity. To avoiding risks, nanoparticles coated with the drug could be used as a therapeutic substance to selectively reach an area of interest to act without affecting non-target cells, organs, or tissues (drug delivery). Here, the goal is to enhance the concentration of the chemotherapeutic drug in the disease parts of the body. Among all nanostructured systems, ferrites attract worldwide attention in drug delivery applications. It is due to their versatile magnetic and physicochemical properties. Here, it is reviewed and analyzed recent advances in synthesis, morphology, size, magnetic properties, functionalization with a focus in drug delivery applications of nanoferrites.

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