scholarly journals New generation of oxide-based nanoparticles for the applications in early cancer detection and diagnostics

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 274-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal M. Godlewski ◽  
Jaroslaw Kaszewski ◽  
Paula Kielbik ◽  
Jaroslaw Olszewski ◽  
Waldemar Lipinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Nanoparticle Synthesis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Gadolinium Contrast ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Gadolinium Contrast Agents ◽  
New Generation

AbstractHereby the possible applications of oxide nanoparticles in the cancer diagnostics and therapy are presented. Cancer diseases are nowadays one of the most common causes of death in the highly-developed countries. Discussed will be the current clinical cancer detection methods with their shortcomings. The role of nanomedicine in cancer medicine and the potential applications of nanoparticles debated in the literature will be critically evaluated. In the second part, the most common methods for the nanoparticle synthesis will be discussed. Finally, the system for cancer detection based on the enhanced permeation-retention of multimodal high-k oxide nanoparticles doped with lanthanides will be proposed for both for themagnetic resonance imaging (non-gadolinium contrast agents) and for fluorescence guided biopsy and surgery.

scholarly journals Yttrium Oxide Nanoparticle Synthesis: An Overview of Methods of Preparation and Biomedical Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2172
Author(s):  
Govindasamy Rajakumar ◽  
Lebao Mao ◽  
Ting Bao ◽  
Wei Wen ◽  
Shengfu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yttrium Oxide ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Nanoparticle Synthesis ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Host Material ◽  
Solid State Reactions ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Metal oxide nanoparticles demonstrate uniqueness in various technical applications due to their suitable physiochemical properties. In particular, yttrium oxide (Y2O3) nanoparticle is familiar for technical applications because of its higher dielectric constant and thermal stability. It is widely used as a host material for a variety of rare-earth dopants, biological imaging, and photodynamic therapies. Y2O3 has also been used as a polarizer, phosphor, laser host material, and in the optoelectronic fields for cancer therapy, biosensor, and bioimaging. Yttrium oxide nanoparticles have attractive antibacterial and antioxidant properties. This review focuses on the promising applications of Y2O3, its drawbacks, and its modifications. The synthetic methods of nanoparticles, such as sol-gel, emulsion, chemical methods, solid-state reactions, combustion, colloid reaction techniques, and hydrothermal processing, are recapitulated. Herein, we also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Y2O3 NPs based biosensors that function through various detection modes including colorimetric, electrochemistry, and chemo luminescent regarding the detection of small organic chemicals, metal ions, and biomarkers.

SUMMARY: PAPERS PRESENTED AT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON INCREASING WHEAT YIELD POTENTIAL, CIMMYT, OBREGON, MEXICO, 20–24 MARCH 2006 Challenges to international wheat improvement

2007 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. REYNOLDS ◽  
P. R. HOBBS ◽  
H. J. BRAUN
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
International Workshop ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Agronomic Management ◽  
Genetically Improved ◽  
New Generation

Wheat is grown on 210 million ha throughout the world producing approximately 600 million tonnes of grain (10 year average; FAO 2005) and providing on average one fifth of the total calorific input of the world's population (FAO 2003). For some regions such as North Africa, Turkey and Central Asia, wheat provides half of total dietary energy intake. Of the cultivated wheat area, half is located in less developed countries where there have been steady increases in productivity since the green revolution, associated with genetic improvements in yield potential, resistance to diseases and adaptation to abiotic stresses (Reynolds & Borlaug 2006a, b) as well as better agronomic practices (Derpsch 2005). Nonetheless, challenges to wheat production are still considerable, especially in the developing world, not only because of increased demand but also because of the increased scarcity of water resources (Rosegrant 1997; WMO 1997), ever more unpredictable climates (Fischer et al. 2002), increased urbanization and loss of good quality land away from agriculture (Hobbs 2007), and decreased public sector investment in agriculture and rural affairs (Falcon & Naylor 2005). To meet demand in a sustainable way, more resources are required to breed a new generation of genetically improved cultivars as well as implement resource-conserving agronomic management practices.

scholarly journals A Review on Electroporation-Based Intracellular Delivery

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 3044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junfeng Shi ◽  
Yifan Ma ◽  
Jing Zhu ◽  
Yuanxin Chen ◽  
Yating Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Safety Issue ◽  
Intracellular Delivery ◽  
Cellular Reprogramming ◽  
Gene Therapies ◽  
Potential Safety ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Dose Control ◽  
Intracellular Probe ◽  
New Generation

Intracellular delivery is a critical step in biological discoveries and has been widely utilized in biomedical research. A variety of molecular tools have been developed for cell-based gene therapies, including FDA approved CAR-T immunotherapy, iPSC, cell reprogramming and gene editing. Despite the inspiring results of these applications, intracellular delivery of foreign molecules including nucleic acids and proteins remains challenging. Efficient yet non-invasive delivery of biomolecules in a high-throughput manner has thus long fascinates the scientific community. As one of the most popular non-viral technologies for cell transfection, electroporation has gone through enormous development with the assist of nanotechnology and microfabrication. Emergence of miniatured electroporation system brought up many merits over the weakness of traditional electroporation system, including precise dose control and high cell viability. These new generation of electroporation systems are of considerable importance to expand the biological applications of intracellular delivery, bypassing the potential safety issue of viral vectors. In this review, we will go over the recent progresses in the electroporation-based intracellular delivery and several potential applications of cutting-edge research on the miniatured electroporation, including gene therapy, cellular reprogramming and intracellular probe.

scholarly journals Bi- or multiparametric MRI in a sequential screening program for prostate cancer with PSA followed by MRI? Results from the Göteborg prostate cancer screening 2 trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Wallström ◽  
Kjell Geterud ◽  
Kimia Kohestani ◽  
Stephan E. Maier ◽  
Marianne Månsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Prostate Cancer Screening ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Multiparametric Mri ◽  
False Positives ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Gadolinium Contrast ◽  
Sequential Screening

Abstract Objectives The PIRADS Steering Committee has called for “higher quality data before making evidence-based recommendations on MRI without contrast enhancement as an initial diagnostic work up,” however, recognizing biparametric (bp) MRI as a reasonable option in a low-risk setting such as screening. With bpMRI, more men can undergo MRI at a lower cost and they can be spared the invasiveness of intravenous access. The aim of this study was to assess cancer detection in bpMRI vs mpMRI in sequential screening for prostate cancer (PCa). Methods Within the ongoing Göteborg PCa screening 2 trial, we assessed cancer detection in 551 consecutive participants undergoing prostate MRI. In the same session, readers first assessed bpMRI and then mpMRI. Four targeted biopsies were performed for lesions scored PIRADS 3–5 with bpMRI and/or mpMRI. Results Cancer was detected in 84/551 cases (15.2%; 95% CI: 12.4–18.4) with mpMRI and in 83/551 cases (15.1%; 95% CI: 12.3–18.2%) with bpMRI. The relative risk (RR) for cancer detection with bpMRI compared to mpMRI was 0.99 (95% one-sided CI: > 94.8); bpMRI was non-inferior to mpMRI (10% non-inferiority margin). bpMRI resulted in fewer false positives, 45/128 (35.2%), compared to mpMRI, 52/136 (38.2%), RR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.84–0.98. Of 8 lesions scored positive only with mpMRI, 7 were false positives. The PPV for MRI and targeted biopsy was 83/128 (64.8%) for bpMRI and 84/136 (61.8%) for mpMRI, RR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01–1.10. Conclusions In a PSA-screened population, bpMRI was non-inferior to mpMRI for cancer detection and resulted in fewer false positives. Key Points • In screening for prostate cancer with PSA followed by MRI, biparametric MRI allows radiologists to detect an almost similar number of prostate cancers and score fewer false positive lesions compared to multiparametric MRI. • In a screening program, high sensitivity should be weighed against cost and risks for healthy men; a large number of men can be saved the exposure of gadolinium contrast medium by adopting biparametric MRI and at the same time allowing for a higher turnover in the MRI room.

scholarly journals Preliminary investigations of magnetic modulated nanoparticles for microwave breast cancer detection

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 302-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ley ◽  
M. Helbig ◽  
J. Sachs
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Breast Imaging ◽  
Breast Cancer Detection ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Low Dielectric ◽  
M Sequence ◽  
Dielectric Contrast ◽  
Signal Response

AbstractThis paper investigates the potential of magnetic modulated iron oxide nanoparticles in terms of a contrast enhancement for Ultra-wideband (UWB) breast imaging. The work is motivated by the low dielectric contrast between tumor and normal glandular/fibroconnective tissue. The influence of an external polarizing magnetic field on pure and coated magnetite nanoparticles is investigated in this contribution. Measurements were conducted using M-sequence UWB technology and an oil-gelatin phantom. It is shown that a coating, which is necessary for clinical use, results in a lower signal response, and thus leads to a lower detectability of magnetic modulated nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Machine Learning Protocols in Early Cancer Detection Based on Liquid Biopsy: A Survey

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 638
Author(s):  
Linjing Liu ◽  
Xingjian Chen ◽  
Olutomilayo Olayemi Petinrin ◽  
Weitong Zhang ◽  
Saifur Rahaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Cancer Subtype ◽  
Tumor Origin ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
Learning Protocols

With the advances of liquid biopsy technology, there is increasing evidence that body fluid such as blood, urine, and saliva could harbor the potential biomarkers associated with tumor origin. Traditional correlation analysis methods are no longer sufficient to capture the high-resolution complex relationships between biomarkers and cancer subtype heterogeneity. To address the challenge, researchers proposed machine learning techniques with liquid biopsy data to explore the essence of tumor origin together. In this survey, we review the machine learning protocols and provide corresponding code demos for the approaches mentioned. We discuss algorithmic principles and frameworks extensively developed to reveal cancer mechanisms and consider the future prospects in biomarker exploration and cancer diagnostics.

scholarly journals Detection of Breast Cancer using AI Techniques – A Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 08-12
Author(s):  
Riju Bhattacharya ◽  
Diksha Gupta ◽  
Divyatara Rathod
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Medical Progress ◽  
Glass Slides ◽  
Abnormal Cells

Cancer refers to any one of a large number of diseases characterized by the development of abnormal cells that divide uncontrollably and have the ability to infiltrate and destroy normal body tissue.Without treatment, it can cause serious health issues andresult in a loss of life. Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women around the world. Despite enormous medical progress, breast cancer has still remained the second leading cause of death worldwide. Early detection of cancer may reduce mortality and morbidity. This paper presents a review of the detection methods for cancer through Artificial Intelligence (AI) in different ways. Previously Microscopic reviews of tissues on glass slides are used for cancer diagnostics to improve diagnostic accuracy. We can use different techniques such as digital imaging and artificial intelligence algorithm. Cancer care is also advancing thanks to AI’s ability to collect and process data. Due to the nature of processing this information, the task is often a time-consuming and tedious job for doctors. This process may be made much easier, quicker and efficient through the advancement as well as by using modified technologies.

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