scholarly journals Gene action in low nitrogen tolerance and implication on maize grain yield and associated traits of some tropical maize populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 801-805
Author(s):  
Ige Sunday ◽  
Ajiboye Babatunde ◽  
Abolusoro Stephen ◽  
Aremu Charity ◽  
Obaniyi Kayode
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Yield Improvement ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Low Nitrogen ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractUnderstanding the mode of inheritance of traits is vital in the selection of breeding methods for the grain yield and improvement of associated traits in a target environment. Combining ability is one of the powerful indices for the selection of the best cross combinations, parental lines that combine with other lines and the best breeding method for high grain yield improvement programmes. A total of 45 crosses were generated from ten maize varieties developed in low nitrogen environment in a diallel mating fashion without reciprocal. The resultant progenies were investigated in low- and highnitrogen soil to identify the mode of grain yield inheritance and those of related traits in the tested environments. Mean square analysis revealed the preponderance of additive and non-additive gene actions in the expression of maize grain yield and related characters tested under stress and optimal conditions. In this study, it is proved that both standard selection and hybridization breeding strategies are effective for the improvement of most traits involved. This experiment also confirmed the adequacy of sufficient variation in the gene pool present in the maize population that could be exploited in maize grain yield improvement programmes in the tropics. The ratio of SCA to GCA however emphasized the superiority of additive gene effects in the expression of most traits in the tested environments. The results, therefore, suggest that additive gene actions primarily condition the expression of maize grain yield and associated characters in the tested environments. Therefore, suggesting that the standard selection method would be effective for the improvement of most traits tested under the two environments.

Relation of Rubisco to Maize Grain Yield Improvement: Effect of Water Restriction

Crop Science ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 718-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Martínez‐Barajas ◽  
C. Villanueva‐Verduzco ◽  
J. Molina‐Galán ◽  
H. Loza‐Tavera ◽  
E. Sánchez‐de‐Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Yield Improvement ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Improvement Effect ◽  
Maize Grain

scholarly journals Comparative Efficiency of Tillage Practices in Maize

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Ita ◽  
E Ariga ◽  
R Michieka ◽  
W Muiru
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Hand Weeding

Weed management practices used by small scale farmers determine maize productivity. The trials were executed in Kigumo district during the long and short rains in 2010 to compare effectiveness of glyphosate and hand weeding on weed management in maize (Zea mays L.). Treatments were arranged in a Completely Randomized Complete Block Design replicated three times in a split plot arrangement. The main plots were two maize varieties DUMA SC 41 and DK 8031 and the subplots three weed management practices,(glyphosate, hand weeding and no tillage). Data collected included weed count by species,fresh and dry weed biomass and maize grain yield. Data was subjected to ANOVA using Genstat computer software package at P<0.05. Treatments means were separated by Student-Newman Keuls Test. Results revealed that there were significant differences in weed count among weed management practices (P < 0.05). Weeds, significantly established faster under hand weeding than other weed management practices. There were no significant differences among weed management practices in biomass and maize grain yield (P < 0.05). The two maize varieties significantly differed in grain yield under different weed management practices, DK 8031 under glyphosate had the highest yield among the tillage practices involved.

scholarly journals Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis Studies on Grain Yield and Its Contributing Characters in Maize (Zea mays L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
O. P. Taiwo ◽  
A. I. Nwonuala ◽  
B. F. Isaiah ◽  
D. O. Olawamide ◽  
I. K. Agbugba
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Path Coefficient Analysis ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Positive Direct

In crop breeding, the selection for yield is made complex because of the quantitative and polygenic nature of the character. This study was undertaken to assess character association and show the contribution of various yield contributing characters in some maize varieties through the help of correlation and path coefficient analyses in order to identify appropriate plant characters for selection to improve maize grain yield. Seventeen maize varieties were sown in a randomized complete block design with three replications in a humid environment of Port Harcourt, Nigeria in 2018 under rainfed condition. Data were recorded for days to 50% anthesis, days to 50% silking, anthesis-silking interval, plant height (cm) and ear height (cm), number of plants per plot, number of plants harvested, number of ears harvested, moisture content (%), field weight (kg), and grain yield (t ha-1). Results showed number of plants per plot, number of plants harvested, number of ears harvested and field weight correlated positively and significantly both phenotypically and genotypically with grain yield. Path coefficient analysis at the genotypic level also revealed field weight and days to 50% anthesis as the characters exerting the highest positive direct effect on grain yield. Therefore, maize grain yield could be improved through indirect selection for these characters.

scholarly journals HETEROSIS OF SOME TROPICAL MAIZE GENOTYPES DERIVED FROM TWO DIFFERENT MAIZE BREEDING ERAS

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-10
Author(s):  
Ige AYODELE Sunday
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
The Tropics

Heterosis for maize grain yield was studied to identify cross combinations that may be useful sources for inbred line extraction, recurrent selection and, to estimate changes in the maize grain yield heterosis across two breeding eras in the tropics. Field studies were conducted at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan during the cropping seasons of 2010, 2011 and 2012, with 10 open pollinated maize varieties (OPVs)  derived two breeding eras (1 and 2). The ten OPVs and the crosses generated from them were evaluated under stem borer infested and non-infested, high-N versus low-N and natural conditions. Mid and High-heterosis (MPH & HPH) were estimated from grain yield data from the tested environments. MPH & HPH under natural, optimum N-Fertilizer application, and borer infested environments were 37.20 and 25.38%, 19.85 and 12.3%, 30.98 and 18.94% respectively. Cross combination DMR-LSR-W (Era 1) x TZSR-Y-I (Era 1) expressed the highest magnitude of (MPH & HPH) (97.70 and 87.15%) for grain yield across the tested environments except low-N. It suggest the suitability of the hybrid for cultivation only in environments with high productivity index. Hybrid ACR99TZLCOMP4-DMRSR (Era 1) x BR9928DMRSR (Era 2) had highest HPH under low-N environments. Suggesting this combination as a good source of genes for the development of low nitrogen tolerance maize varieties in the tropics. Cross combinations that expressed better (HPH) under borer infestation are good gene pools for the development of stem borer tolerance maize varieties in stem borer endemic zone. These crosses hold promise as future candidates for commercial exploitation of heterosis or for the extraction of inbred lines in the tropics. Better (HPH) were derived from the crosses between Era 1 and & 2, indicates the older and newer maize varieties complement each other for (HPH) across environments. 

Heterosis and combining ability in diallel crosses involving maize (Zea mays) S1 lines

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 387 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Muraya ◽  
C. M. Ndirangu ◽  
E. O. Omolo
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Number Of Leaves

This study was conducted at Egerton University, Njoro, Kenya for 2 growing seasons, 2001 and 2002. A diallel cross, without reciprocal crossings, involving 7 maize S1 lines: KSTP001, KSTP003, KSTP004, KSTP005, KSTP008, E2 and E3 was used to study the heterosis and inheritance of days to 50% flowering, plant height, ear height, leaf angle, number of leaves per plant, leaf area index, cob length, cob diameter, number of lines per cob, number of seeds per line, 100-grain weight and grain yield. A randomised complete block design with 3 replicates was used. Analysis of variance was conducted on the data generated at 0.05 significant level using MSTAT. The results showed that general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) was significant (P<0.05) for all traits under study, suggesting existence of both additive and non-additive gene effects for the traits. However, GCA : SCA ratio was >1 for all traits except cob diameter and 100 seed weight, indicating preponderance of additive gene effects for inheritance of these traits. The study identified KSTP003 as the best combiner for most of the traits, while KSTP001 and E3 was the best combination for most traits. KSTP004 and E3 was good combiner for grain yield. Hybrid KSTP005 × E3 was the best cross for grain yield. KSTP003 × E2 was the best cross for reduction of leaf angle thus good source for erectophile canopies in a hybridisation program. Heterosis estimates showed that heterosis was more important in grain yield, yield components, plant height, number of leaves per plant and, leaf area index than other traits studied. Most of traits studied had a positive and significant (P≤0.01), while all traits studied except days to 50% flowering had a positive and significant (P≤0.01) genotypic correlations. It is recommended that based on their combining ability the lines be recombined to form synthetic maize varieties which can be released both as a variety or used for further improvement using recurrent selection. The lines which combine well for reduction in leaf angle from vertical should be utilised to develop erective maize varieties.

Analysis of the moisture content of maize kernels in over-ripe plants

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-430
Author(s):  
T. Árendás ◽  
L. C. Marton ◽  
P. Bónis ◽  
Z. Berzsenyi
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Equilibrium Moisture Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Maize Kernels

The effect of varying weather conditions on the moisture content of the maize grain yield was investigated in Martonvásár, Hungary from late August to late September, and from the 3rd third of September to the 1st third of Novemberbetween 1999 and 2002. In every year a close positive correlation (P=0.1%) could be observed between the moisture content in late September and the rate of drying down in October. Linear regression was used each year to determine the equilibrium moisture content, to which the moisture content of kernels returned if they contained less than this quantity of water in late September and harvesting was delayed. In the experimental years this value ranged from 15.24-19.01%.

Superimposition Effect of Film-mulching and Furrow Ridging Culture on Maize Grain Yield and WUE in Loess Plateau

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Jun-Hong XIE ◽  
Ling-Ling LI ◽  
Ren-Zhi ZHANG ◽  
Qiang CHAI
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
Film Mulching ◽  
Maize Grain

Effect of In-Season Nitrogen Management Strategy on Maize Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
You-Liang YE ◽  
Yu-Fang HUANG ◽  
Chun-Sheng LIU ◽  
Ri-Tao QU ◽  
Hai-Yan SONG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Nitrogen Management ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Maize Grain

scholarly journals Improvement of Maize Productivity and N Use Efficiency in a No-Tillage Irrigated Farming System: Effect of Cropping Sequence and Fertilization Management

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1459
Author(s):  
Heba S. A. Salama ◽  
Ali I. Nawar ◽  
Hassan E. Khalil ◽  
Ahmed M. Shaalan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Farming System ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Egyptian Clover ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
N Use

The sequence of the preceding crops in a no-tillage farming system, could interact with the integrated use of mineral and organic nitrogen (N) sources in a way that improves the growth and productivity of the terminal maize crop, meanwhile, enhancing its N use efficiency (NUE). In the current study, six legume-cereal crop sequences, including faba bean, soybean, Egyptian clover, wheat, and maize were evaluated along two experimental rotations that ended up by planting the terminal maize crop. In addition, the effects of applying variable mineral nitrogen (MN) rates with and without the incorporation of farmyard manure (FYM) on the productive performance of maize and its NUE were tested. The field experiments were conducted in a no-tillage irrigated farming system in Northern Egypt, a location that is characterized by its arid, Mediterranean climate. Results revealed that increasing the legume component in the evaluated crop sequences, up to 75%, resulted in improved maize ear leaf area, 1000-grain weight, and harvest index, thus, a higher final grain yield, with the inclusion of Egyptian clover was slightly better than faba bean. Comparing the crop sequences with 50% legume contribution uncovered the positive effects of soybean preceding crop on the terminal maize crop. Substituting 25% of the applied MN with FYM resulted in similar maize yields to the application of the equivalent 100% MN rates. The fertilizer treatments significantly interacted with the crop sequences in determining the maize grain yield, where the highest legume crop contribution in the crop sequence (75%) equalized the effects of the different fertilizer treatments on maize grain yield. The integrated use of FYM with MN in maize fertilization improved the NUE compared to the application of MN alone. Comparing fertilization treatments with similar MN content, with and without FYM, revealed that the difference in NUE was attributed to the additional amount of FYM. In similar conditions to the current study, it is recommended to grow faba bean two years before maize, while Egyptian clover could be grown directly preceding maize growth, with frequent inclusion of soybean in the sequence, this could be combined with the application of an average of 200 kg MN ha−1 in addition to FYM.

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