scholarly journals The Perfect in (Brazilian) Portuguese: A Functional Discourse Grammar View

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 478-508
Author(s):  
Hella Olbertz
Keyword(s):  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Present Perfect ◽  
Configurational Property ◽  
Tense Operator ◽  
Discourse Grammar ◽  
Relative Tense ◽  
Peninsular Spanish ◽  
The Moment ◽  
State Of Affairs

AbstractIn most Germanic and Romance languages the present perfect has developed from a resultative meaning via an anterior into absolute past. In Functional Discourse Grammar terms this corresponds to the grammaticalization of a phasal aspectual operator at the layer of the Configurational Property, via a relative tense operator at the layer of the State-of-Affairs, into an absolute tense operator at the layer of the Episode. This is what happened in Romance languages, such as French and Italian, while Peninsular Spanish is developing in the same direction, without as yet having fully reached the absolute past stage. The Portuguese present perfect, however, is different as it does not express resultative aspect, relative past or absolute past meaning but rather the iteration or continuity of an event from some past moment onward until after the moment of speaking. A further idiosyncrasy of the perfect in Portuguese is that the auxiliary is based on Latin tenere rather than habere, as is the case in the other Romance languages. This paper describes the semantic and the morphosyntactic aspects of the grammaticalization of the (Brazilian) Portuguese perfect in diachrony and synchrony. It turns out that (i) the medieval habere-based Portuguese present perfect becomes obsolete and the past perfect develops into a relative past, (ii) the post-medieval tenere-based past perfect turns into a relative past as well, whereas (iii) the tenere-based present perfect undergoes semantic specialization in the course of the 20th century. This paper shows how these facts can be accounted for within the Functional Discourse Grammar approach to the grammaticalization of aspect and tense.

Social influence in the use of the present perfect in Bilbao

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Burgo
Keyword(s):  
Social Influence ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Present Perfect ◽  
Linguistic Change ◽  
The Social ◽  
Linguistic Constraints ◽  
Peninsular Spanish ◽  
Semantic Domains

The Present Perfect (PP) in some Peninsular Spanish dialects is following the same path as other Romance languages; it is going through a grammaticalization process where the PP is usurping the semantic domains of the Preterite. This is the case of many Peninsular dialects such as Alicante (Schwenter, 1994) and Madrid (Serrano, 1994) among others as well as Bilbao (Kempas, 2005). He found that the frequencies of PPs in hodiernal contexts were higher than in other Spanish cities so these findings point out to a more advanced path of grammaticalization in this city. Previous studies have paid more attention to the linguistic constraints that favor the use of the PP instead of the Preterite rather than the social factors that influence this linguistic change. In this article, I focus on the study of three social variables (age, gender and class) to account for evidence of a change in progress in Bilbao Spanish.

A Case of Grammaticalization in the Use of the Perfect for the Preterite in Bilbao Spanish

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Burgo
Keyword(s):  
Time Frame ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Present Perfect ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Variate Analysis ◽  
Regional Dialect ◽  
Linguistic Constraints ◽  
Peninsular Spanish ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The City

AbstractResearch into the use of the Present Perfect in various Romance languages often finds that the Present Perfect is taking over functions previously accomplished through the Preterite. This is also the case in Peninsular Spanish. A key constraint on the alternation of the Present Perfect and the Preterite involves the time-frame distinction of “today” versus “before-today”. Among the various dialects of Spanish spoken in Spain,the regional dialect of Bilbao has been identified as having the highest percentage of “today” Present Perfects. Nonetheless, no community-based study of this dialect has been carried out. This study reports the results of a variationist study of the increasing use of the Present Perfect instead of Preterite in the city of Bilbao, Spain, based on 49 sociolinguistic interviews. Twenty factor groups involving linguistic constraints were analyzed. The findings support the findings of previous research except for the case of telicity, polarity and clause type that were not found to be significant in previous research. In addition, the findings provide new evidence of the significance of the following factors in a multi-variate analysis of the alternation of the Present Perfect and the Preterite: mood, the following verb’s mood, the following verb’s tense and narratives.

scholarly journals On syllable structure and phonological variation: The case of i-epenthesis by Brazilian Portuguese learners of English

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul John ◽  
Walcir Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Analysis ◽  
Syllable Structure ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Phonological Variation ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Speech Output ◽  
Dual Representations ◽  
Learning Tasks ◽  
The Moment

Our study employs nonword-learning tasks to examine i-epenthesis in the speech output of 53 Brazilian Portuguese learners of English. One aim is to investigate conflicting views on the syllabification of consonants in various word-medial and final contexts, where they can be parsed as either codas or onsets of empty nuclei. Another aim is to test a proposal (Authors, 2017) concerning the source of L2 phonological variation: we suggest that L2 variation is lexical rather than derivational, stemming from individual items having dual underlying representations which compete for selection at the moment of speaking. The results of a multivariate statistical analysis indicate: i) a hierarchy of difficulty in the acquisition of the stops /p k/ in different lexical locations; and ii) simultaneous development of dual representations for single lexical items.

scholarly journals NOTAS SOBRE O PASSADO COMPOSTO EM PORTUGUÊS

2001 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Ilari
Keyword(s):  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Semantic Treatment ◽  
Semantic Values

Neste texto, trato do pretérito (ou passado) composto do português, e procuro dar conta de alguns valores que o distinguem, no paradigma de conjugação. À diferença do infinitivo pessoal e do subjuntivo futuro, o PASSADO COMPOSTO existe em todas as línguas românicas que conheço; sua singularidade em relação a essas outras línguas, não diz respeito à forma, mas ao sentido; por conseguinte, este texto terá um enfoque semântico e tentará expor alguns dos problemas que encontrei, ao tentar propor para esse tempo composto uma definição semântica mais rigorosa. Abstract This paper deals with the PASSADO COMPOSTO in Brazilian Portuguese, aiming at characterizing the semantic values that distinguish it from other verbal tenses. Different from the personal infinitive and subjunctive future, the PASSADO COMPOSTO exists in all romance languages; its singularity in BP with respect to other romance languages does not concern its form, but rather its meaning. Thus, this paper will focus on its semantic idiosyncrasy and will expose some of the problems found in the search for a more rigorous semantic treatment of such a composed tense.

scholarly journals Modality in Spanish Sign Language (LSE) revisited: a functional account

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 391-417
Author(s):  
Ventura Salazar-García
Keyword(s):  
Sign Language ◽  
Propositional Content ◽  
Variable Degree ◽  
Functional Perspective ◽  
Basic Criterion ◽  
Configurational Property ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Efficient Expression ◽  
State Of Affairs

Abstract This paper provides an analysis of modality in Spanish Sign Language (Lengua de Signos Española: LSE) from a functional perspective. Following FDG assumptions, scope will be the basic criterion in delineating modal subtypes. Four representational layers are taken into account: Propositional Content, Episode, State-of-Affairs, and Configurational Property. This study highlights that LSE offers an extensive sample of manual items (with a variable degree of grammaticalization) that enable the efficient expression of a wide range of modal contents: epistemic, deontic, volitive, and facultative. LSE is thus fully congruent with oral languages (OLs) in this domain.

Pidgin and Creole Studies: Their Interface with Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Schwegler
Keyword(s):  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
The Core ◽  
Contemporary Research ◽  
Caribbean Spanish ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Creole Languages ◽  
Theoretical Issues ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractUntil recently, dialectologists and general linguists with an interest in Hispanic or Lusophone studies essentially ignored pidgin or creole languages (for example, Bozal Spanish, Palenquero, Papiamento, São Tomense, and so on), several of which may be key for an understanding of the evolution of Spanish and Portuguese, especially as regards vernacular registers (including vernacular Brazilian Portuguese, popular Caribbean Spanish, and so forth).This paper first provides an overview of the rise of creolistics as a wellorganized subdiscipline of linguistics from the 1980s to the present. In so doing, the study examines principal theoretical issues and major themes, and shows how several of these are of relevance to Hispanic and Lusophone linguistics. Explanations are offered as to why the two subfields were originally slow to interface with each other, and how and why this state of affairs has recently changed for the better. Section 5 -the core of the paper- reviews a selection of contemporary research endeavors (2005-2010) that have either successfully interfaced Hispanic and Lusophone linguistics with pidgin and creole studies (or vice versa), or concentrated on creole speech areas where Spanish or Portuguese has historically had a significant impact.

scholarly journals A formação de construções resultativas no português brasileiro

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Núbia Rech
Keyword(s):  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Small Clause ◽  
Resultative Constructions ◽  
Verb Phrase ◽  
Causative Alternation ◽  
Change Of State ◽  
Motion Constructions ◽  
Secondary Predicates ◽  
Germanic Languages

This paper aims mainly at investigating if there is the formation of resultative constructions with simple adjective in Brazilian Portuguese, since researchers disagree on the existence of these constructions in Romance Languages. To start this discussion, first I make a distinction between resultative, depictive and circumstantial constructions. Then, I relate some of their main characteristics, testing how they appear in sentences written in Brazilian Portuguese. Afterwards, I propose an extension of Folli and Ramchand (2001)’s analysis on the Portuguese. These authors use a structure of verb phrase that consists of three different projections, each one consisting in a subpart of the event: Cause, Process and Result. My hypothesis about the Brazilian Portuguese is that the verbs of causative alternation – as they imply change of state – are the head of Result projection and have as their complement an adjective small clause (SC), whose predicate indicates the telic aspect of event, forming a resultative construction. Following this perspective of analysis, I study the possibility of formation of adjective resultatives with atelic and telic verbs that admit causative alternation. I also approach – although briefly – other types of constructions that express results, whose secondary predicates are, respectively, a complex adjective phrase, a PP or a DP. In this paper, only the constructions resulting from verbal actions are considered. Thus, goal of motion constructions – in which prepositions indicate the following of movement and its ending – and resultative constructions with causative verbs are not considered. The results show that there are not resultative constructions in the Brazilian Portuguese equivalent to those found in Germanic Languages, in which an atelic verb becomes a telic verb by adding a resultative secondary predicate to the sentence.

scholarly journals Preliminary study about the rejection in the Brazilian and the Spanish cultures: external modifiers employed in email and private messages in Facebook

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-218
Author(s):  
Sara González Berrio ◽  
Susana Martín Leralta ◽  
Nildicéia Aparecida Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Relational Power ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Brazilian Students ◽  
Peninsular Spanish

This study is part of a larger research project, aimed at analyzing and comparing rejections within a corpus of emails and private Facebook messages among three groups of informants: natives speakers of Peninsular Spanish, native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese and Brazilian students of Spanish as a foreign language. The partial results presented here correspond to the piloting data of the study, carried out with the informants of the first two groups. Specifically, we provide a taxonomy of external modifiers present in rejections with different degrees of imposition, relational power, and social distance. Likewise, we analyze the use of these modifiers by Brazilian and Spanish native informants.

scholarly journals Os pronomes demonstrativos do Português Brasileiro na fala e na escrita

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 83-105
Author(s):  
Konstanze Jungbluth
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
The Other ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Demonstrative Pronouns ◽  
Research Show

The aim of this paper is to propose a system of the demonstrative pronouns in Brazilian Portuguese within the broader context of the other Romance languages. The results of the qualitative research show important differences between the spoken and the written variety. Thus a double-faced systematization is developed. The multi-faceted process of reduction and re-establishment from two- to three-terms-paradigms and vice-versa from Latin to neo-latin languages, esp. from Portuguese to Brazilian Portuguese might be of interest not only for linguists working on Romance Languages but also for those interested in typology, language change and processes of grammaticalization.

scholarly journals present perfect at the semantics/pragmatics interface: American English and Brazilian Portuguese

2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-250
Author(s):  
Karina Veronica Molsing
Keyword(s):  
American English ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Present Perfect ◽  
Tense And Aspect

Modern theorists rarely agree on how to represent the categories of tense and aspect, making a consistent analysis for phenomena, such as the present perfect, more difficult to attain. It has been argued in previous analyses that the variable behavior of the present perfect between languages licenses independently motivated treatments, particularly of a morphosyntactic or semanticsyntactic nature (Giorgi & Pianesi 1997; Schmitt 2001; Ilari 2001). More specifically, the wellknown readings of the American English (AE) present perfect (resultative, experiential, persistent situation, recent past (Comrie 1976)), are at odds with the readings of the corresponding structure in Brazilian Portuguese (BP), the 'pretérito perfeito composto' (default iterativity and occasional duration (Ilari 1999)). Despite these variations, the present work, assuming a tense-aspect framework at the semantic-pragmatic interface, will provide a unified analysis for the present perfect in AE and BP, which have traditionally been treated as semantically divergent. The present perfect meaning, in conjunction with the aspectual class of the predicate, can account for the major differences between languages, particularly regarding iterativity and the "present perfect puzzle", regarding adverb compatibility.  

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