scholarly journals Political Humor in Ibn Mammātī's Kitāb al-Fāshūsh fi Aḥkām Qarâqûsh (The Decisions of Qarâqûsh)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 482-511
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Dowaidar
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Political Humor ◽  
The People ◽  
Egyptian History

AbstractThis study is an attempt to investigate medieval humor in the Ayyubid period (1171–1250). In a period of constant wars, terrible plagues, and turmoil, Ibn Mammātī wrote a pamphlet entitled Kitāb al-Fāshūsh fi Aḥkām Qarâqûsh (stupidity, or the decisions of Qarâqûsh). It is a small volume which contains words and actions that Qarâqûsh could have said or done. The book is written as an attempt to ridicule one of the most important political leaders of the Ayyubid state Emir Qarâqûsh Ibn ‘Abd Allāh al-Asadī (surnamed as Bah’āaddīn Qarâqûsh) (n.d. – April 1201). The book is so influential that historical facts are overshadowed, and overwhelmed by the humorous anecdotes that branded Qarâqûsh forever as a symbol of a lunatic tyrant. This manuscript, however, is believed to be one of the oldest books on political humor in the Egyptian history (Al-Najjār 1978: 56). Therefore, using a critical discourse analysis perspective, the study seeks to examine and analyze humor and jokes in selected anecdotes from Ibn Mammātī’s book. I have drawn upon the three-dimensional model of discourse analysis developed by Norman Fairclough (1992a, 1995a, 1995b, 2001, 2003). The study aims to prove that this pamphlet has been used in the entire Islamic world in different epochs as a defense mechanism against all the ruthless sultans, kings, rulers, and presidents. I claim that these jokes have served as a sort of recreation for the people, as a means of peaceful protest, and as a silent cry against oppression and tyranny.

scholarly journals Written Text on Pakistani Vehicles: A Critical Discourse Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-57
Author(s):  
Sidra Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Written Text ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social

Linguistically, the word ‘language’ has shifted into ‘discourse’ which is a social phenomenon not only to express the thoughts but also to reflect the mindset and contexts of a specific community. The purpose of this study is to examine the slogans written on Pakistani automobiles and to understand the logic behind the social and cultural affiliations of these slogans. Pakistani culture of the art of making pictures and written phrases, poetic verses and imperative sentences on vehicles is famous all over the world. The study has analysed the writings found on vehicles, and although these writings might look trivial on the automobiles, they address various social issues. The Three-Dimensional Model of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) by Fairclough (2001) is used as a theoretical framework that explains the study at three levels: lexical, syntactic patterns, interpretations, and social practices. The discourses written on the vehicles are characterised into different categories, which are life’s mission statements, loud messages, mind baffling messages, everyday life annoyances, provoking statements, and religious looms. Twenty images and pictures have been captured from vehicles as a random sample of this study. The results reveal the mindset behind these discourses. They are used to highlight social issues which Pakistan faces, being a developing country. In short, the study discloses the strong link between the vehicles and the people using them to convey messages to the society which can bring harmony among the public. The current study is limited to only Pakistani motor vehicles.

scholarly journals THE CRITIQUES AND IDEOLOGIES SHARED IN THE INAUGURATION SPEECH OF DONALD TRUMP (A STUDY OF CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imron Hizbullah ◽  
Muhammad Taufiq Al Makmun
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Discursive Practice ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Political Aspect ◽  
Political Condition

<em>This paper investigates the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) in studying the inauguration speech of Donald Trump at the Capitol Hill, Washington DC on January 20, 2017. The objective of the study is to uncover the hidden messages regarding ideologies shared and critiques appointed to Obama’s presidency. The paper uses the theory of CDA by Norman Fairclough by focusing on the three aspects of research which are (1) micro or linguistic analysis, (2) Mezzo or discursive analysis, and (3) macro or contextual analysis. The three dimensional model of CDA is aimed to uncover the ideologies shared and critiques appointed to based on linguistic features, socio-political aspect, and discursive practice. The American Dream is represented in seven issues risen which are (1) US economic condition during Obama’s presidency, (2) US political condition during Obama’s presidency, (3) US social condition during Obama’s presidency, (4) The concept of making America great again, (5) Anti-radical Muslim immigrants, (6) America First, and (7) Nationalism. The result of the study reveals that the speech brought some ideologies or thoughts shared to the audiences and might change the people’s perception on Obama’s two periods of presidency who is considered as failure.</em>

A Critical Discourse Analysis of the Campaign Speech of a Ghanaian Opposition Leader

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1279
Author(s):  
Joshua Addy ◽  
Emmanuel Amo Ofori
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Language Politics ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Campaign Speeches

Referring to politicians’ use of language to promote their ideologies before, during and after elections, campaign speeches represent a key genre in political discourse. In this study, we examine the campaign speech of a Ghanaian opposition leader, Nana Akufo-Addo, at the manifesto launch of his party. We analyze his use of language to create identity and solidarity with the electorate, with the aim of persuading them to accept and support his ideas and ultimately vote for him. Drawing on Fairclough’s three-dimensional model of critical discourse analysis (CDA), the study revealed that Nana Addo utilised the pronouns I, you, our and we and repetition to create a positive bond, identify and show solidarity with the electorate. Also, these strategies were aimed at persuading voters to endorse him as the most credible candidate for the position of president. This study contributes to CDA research on the nexus between language, politics and society.

Analyzing Canadian PM Justin Trudeau’s Speech about Terrorist Attack on a Muslim Family in Ontario’s London: A Critical Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Ali Furqan Syed ◽  
Samina Naz ◽  
Rizwana Yousaf ◽  
Muhammad Ali Shahid ◽  
Shahnawaz Shahid
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
Muslim Communities

Language considers a form of social practice in Critical Discourse Analysis, and it is frequently used in political discourse written, verbal and visual including public speeches. This paper examines the Prime Minister of Canada's press conference speech, held at the House of Commerce on June 8, 2021 (https://www.rev.com/blog, 2021), in the aftermath of a Muslim family's murder in Ontario's London. The Three-Dimensional Model of Fairclough has been used to investigate the implicit/explicit power displayed in PM Justin's speech, as well as the display of power at the textual, discursive, and societal levels, in the context of the speech's two key themes: anti-Muslim hatred and Islamophobia. The study examines speech using a qualitative approach and addresses power within the discourse as well as the power behind the discourse. The findings show how language reflects political leaders' ideologies and how social behaviors can shape and be shaped by speech. The Prime Minister skillfully employed language to convey the ideological divides between Muslim communities and the western communities. After drawing the line of demarcation, he urged world leaders to take steps to resolve their differences to achieve global harmony and peace. This study enables the general public to comprehend Justin Trudeau's position on prevalent intolerance and the ideology of Islamophobia, as well as its effects.

scholarly journals El-Sisi’s Speech on the 47th Anniversary of the October Victory: A Critical Discourse Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia Abdelwahab Massoud Abdelwahab
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Significant Finding ◽  
English Version ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Systemic Functional Grammar ◽  
Linguistic Structures

Critical discourse analysis (CDA) is a modern branch of linguistics. The current study applies CDA to a televised speech of El-Sisi, the Egyptian president, on the 47th anniversary of October Victory in its English version. The study aims to reveal ideologies behind the publishing of the speech and its role in shaping the mentality of Egyptians. The researcher applies Fairclough’s (2014a) three-dimensional model. She also uses Halliday and Matthiessen’s (2014) metafunctions of systemic functional grammar (SFG) as the tool for analysis. The analysis is mainly qualitative. The research answers some questions. The first one is: ‘How the constructive ideologies are expressed through their linguistic structures and features in the English version of El-Sisi’s speech on the 47th of October victory ceremony?’ The second is ‘what is the explanation for including such confidential ideologies in the published English version of El-Sisi’s speech?’ A significant finding is that the delivered messages of the speech reflect some ideological orientations. The ideological orientations are affected and determined by the dominant social ideologies and the general orientation of institutions in Egypt. The study aims to help readers use their skills in analyzing any discourse systematically. The study also highlights the fundamental ideologies needed to direct Egyptians for the benefit of their country. Future researches can focus on the role of words in reflecting ideologies or the role of explicitation and implicitation techniques in conveying beliefs and confidential ideologies.

scholarly journals Critical Discourse Analysis of Chinese English News Reports from the Perspective of Ecolinguistics

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 238-247
Author(s):  
Min Song
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Quantitative Research Methods ◽  
News Reports ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Man And Nature

This study makes a Critical Discourse Analysis of the ecological and non-ecological features of Chinese English news reports and holds that news reports ultimately serves the interest groups it represents and cannot get rid of its ideological influence. To achieve this, with Fairclough’s three-dimensional model as the theoretical framework and from the perspective of ecolinguistics, this study, based on 29 English news reports on the northward migration of Asian elephants from China Daily and by building up a small corpus, combining qualitative and quantitative research methods, aims to analyze the selected corpus with the help of AntConc 3.5.9 (windows) 2020. Finally, through the analysis of text analysis, discourse interpretation, and social interpretation, it is found that Chinese and English news reports have ecological and non-ecological features. At the same time, English news reports in China also try to express and build a harmonious relationship between man and nature. It reflects that China follows the ecological order concept of “harmonious co-existence between man and nature” and the ecological basis of “man and nature are the community of life”.

scholarly journals Eco-critical Discourse Analysis of the Indonesian President’s Statement at the 21st Conference of the Parties in Paris

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Siti Awaliyah Mansyur ◽  
Iwa Lukmana ◽  
Retty Isnendes ◽  
Wawan Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Analysis Framework ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Climate Change Issue ◽  
Ecological View

This study investigates the representation of the environmental, ecological, and climate change issue in the Indonesian President’s Joko Widodo statement at the COP21, 2015. The data was taken from the transcript published by the Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry's official website. It is selected according to the popularity of the President and to learn about his ecological view based on the way he represented the country's ecological issue at the global event. The analysis was carried out within an eco-critical discourse analysis framework, which started by investigating the ideology using Fairclough's three-dimensional model. Then, the ideology was judged using the ecolinguistics perspectives proposed by Stibbe (2015a, 2020). The result shows that President Joko Widodo’s ecological-ideology can be regarded as 'prosaic: environmental problem solving', of which this study concludes that his speech can be defined as a 'beneficial discourse' that has to be promoted widely to raise the awareness of language use regarding an environmental issue.

scholarly journals A Critical Discourse Analysis of the Advertisements of Unilever Pakistan Limited

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Jved Hussain ◽  
Syed Khuram Shahzad ◽  
Nadia Sadaf ◽  
Saima Irshad ◽  
Rana Iqtadar Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
The People

The present study observed the advertisement of Unilever Pakistan Limited from the angle of critical discourse analysis. The study primarily concerned with the usage of language in the commercials of Unilever Pakistan and the tactics used by the advertisers to attract and convince the consumers to buy their products. The analysis of this study is based on Norman Fairclough three-dimensional framework. It determines how the ideology of ‘home and personal care’ is used in the advertisements of Unilever Pakistan Limited. Qualitative research was done on the three advertisements of Unilever’s major products. The outcomes showed that promoters employed different techniques to grasp the attention of their consumers. The commercials lead the people to think that whatever is shown to them is based on reality. This study also demonstrated that the ideology of “home and personal care’ in the commercials of Unilever Pakistan is dominant, and the products of Unilever are mandatory to lead a better life. The language of the commercials is used to govern the minds of the people.

scholarly journals ROLES AND INDICATION OF POWER RELATIONS BETWEEN INDONESIAN MUSLIM LEADER AND THE AMERICAN CHRISTIANS IN RICHARD LEWIS’ THE FLAME TREE

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosyida Ekawati
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Religious Leader ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Dramatic Works

Novel is sometimes more powerful than other types of literature and art, as such novels are directed to the widest possible audience. They are dramatic works which show interesting qualities by drawing the readers’ interest. Novels also cultivate the imagination, contribute to and deepen the capacity for moral reflection. Novel about Indonesian Muslims, written by non-Indonesians, need to get more attention because the novel has the power to create the identity of Indonesian Muslims through its representation. The identity represented will be viewed not only by Indonesian Muslims but also by people all over the world. Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) serves as the study’s main theoretical foundation and Fairclough’s Three-Dimensional Model of Discourse is used to analyze the roles of religious leaders and the indication of power relations between the Indonesian Muslim leader and the American Christians. Categorized data are analyzed predominantly using textual analysis, a qualitative method. Results reveal the roles of religious leader are significant in building the character of Indonesian Muslims. Further, power relations between the Indonesian Muslim leader and the American Christians are constructed by language and paralanguage used in their interaction and communication.<br />Keywords: Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), Indonesian Muslims, Kiai<br /><br />

scholarly journals Discourse analysis of physicians on Twitter about the validity of possible treatments for COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Manco Vega
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Wide Audience ◽  
Discursive Strategies ◽  
Twitter Account ◽  
Scientific Ethos

Introduction: Twitter is a platform that prioritizes the immediacy of communication; nevertheless, tweets in scientific areas rarely reach a wide audience. Objective: To examine discursive strategies used by Peruvian doctors with an active Twitter account on the validity of possible treatments for COVID19. Methodology: Critical discourse analysis - using Fairclough's three-dimensional model - with the help of notions of ethos. Results: Two areas were found where the medical-scientific discursive ethos is expressed: the construction as individual specialists in health and the approach given to the aspects of the medical-scientific ethos: the method, the evidence and the pseudo-scientific. Conclusions: The language used in the tweets is impersonal and neutral. The positioning of individuals as health specialists is through a thematic opinion. A discursive ethos that reinforces the existing pre-discursive ethos through discursive strategies such as denomination and intertextuality develops this positioning.

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