Segetal flora of cereal crop agrocenoses in the Suwałki Landscape Park

Abstract Segetal flora of cereal crop agrocenoses in the Suwałki Landscape Park was studied in between the years 2012 and 2013. One hundred phytosociological Braun-Blanquet releves were taken, documenting the occurrence of 152 species of vascular plants that represented 29 botanic families. Analysis of the contributions of geographic-historical groups revealed the dominance of the native species, apophytes (87 species, making 57.2%), over anthropophytes (65 species, 42.8%). The number of short-lived species was twice greater (103 species, 67.8%) than the perennial ones (49 species, 32.2%). As regards the lifeforms, the therophytes were dominant (96 species, 63.2%) over hemicryptophytes (44 species, 28.9%) and geophytes (12 species, 7.9%). Among the species of segetal flora in the area studied, 23 valuable species classified to different categories of protection, were identified. The presence of Consolida regalis, Centaurea cyanus and Bromus secalinus, belonging to threatened species in other regions of Poland, was abundant. Also the species: Anthemis tinctoria, Echium vulgare and Anchusa officinalis were met with high frequency. The species: Agrostemma githago, Papaver argemone and Papaver dubium were represented by single plants, which can suggest their dying out. In the Park area, expansive species, threatening the biodiversity, such as Myosotis arvensis, Viola arvensis, Galeopsis tetraehit, Stellaria media, Artemisia vulgaris, Galinsoga parviflora, Elymus repens, Capsella bursa pastoris, Erodium cicutarium, Chamomilla recutita, Matricaria maritima subsp. inodora, Convolvulus arvensis, Polygonum persicaria, Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. pallidum and Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. lapathifolium, were commonly seen in the crop land.

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Synanthropic Orchard Flora in West Mazovia – Central Poland

Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research ◽

10.2478/v10290-012-0017-5 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 71-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jerzy Lisek

Keyword(s):

Native Species ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Conyza Canadensis ◽

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Polygonum Aviculare ◽

Central Poland ◽

Time Period ◽

Phytosociological Relevés

Abstract Research on synanthropic flora was conducted in the orchards of central Poland (near Skierniewice, Łowicz and Grójec). In the 2007-2010 time period, 390 phytosociological releves were taken, which included herbicide fallow under trees, swarm of inter-rows, tillage places, trodden and rutty places, roadsides, boundary stripes and drainage ditches. In the examined orchards the occurrence of 186 species belonging to 39 botanical families was noted. The most numerously represented were: Asteraceae (21%), Poaceae (15%), Brassicacea (8%) and Fabaceae (7%). In the examined orchards, 60% of the found species occurred occasionally or rarely. Those species which were found at the 15% level were: Equisetum arvense, Polygonum aviculare, Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retroflexus, Stellaria media, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Convolvulus arvensis, Viola arvensis, Epilobium adenocaulon, Conyza canadensis, Taraxacum officinale, Poa annua, and Echinochloa crus-galli. All of these species which occurred at the 15% level were most frequently noted in the herbicide fallow and were recognised as the most significant orchard weeds. The most numerous group in the examined orchards was made up of the therophytes (50%), which predominated over hemicryptophytes (31%) and geophytes (10%). Apophytes - native species (59%) predominated over archeophytes (33%) and kenophytes (8%). Within the vascular flora of the examined orchards, those which were predominant were the segetal species (26%), ruderal species (21%) and meadow species (19%).

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Diversity of Segetal Flora in Salix viminalis L. Crops Established on Former Arable and Fallow Lands in Central Poland

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11010025 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 25

Author(s):

Maria Janicka ◽

Aneta Kutkowska ◽

Jakub Paderewski

Keyword(s):

Native Species ◽

Life Form ◽

Arable Land ◽

Salix Viminalis ◽

Central Poland ◽

Plant Groups ◽

Fallow Lands ◽

Historical Group ◽

Phytosociological Relevés ◽

Segetal Flora

The flora of willow (Salix viminalis L.) plantations consists of various plant groups, including plants related to arable land, called segetal plants. Knowledge of this flora is important for maintaining biodiversity in agroecosystems. The aim of the study was to assess the segetal flora of the willow plantations in central Poland, depending on the land use before the establishment of the plantations (arable land or fallow) and the age of the plantations. Moreover, the aim was also to check for the presence of invasive, medicinal, poisonous and melliferous species. The vegetation accompanying willow was identified based on an analysis of 60 phytosociological relevés performed using the Braun-Blanquet method. For each species, the following parameters were determined: the phytosociological class; family; geographical and historical group; apophyte origin; biological stability; life-form; and status as an invasive, medicinal (herbs), poisonous or melliferous species. The results were statistically processed. Segetal species accounted for 38% of the flora accompanying willow. The plantations on former arable land were richer in segetal species than those on fallow. Mostly, short-lived and native species dominated. In line with the age of the plantations, the number of segetal species decreased. The share of apophytes increased, and anthropophytes decreased. Furthermore, many valuable plants were found among the flora accompanying willow.

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Quantifying the attractiveness of garden flowers for pollinators

Journal of Insect Conservation ◽

10.1007/s10841-019-00177-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (5-6) ◽

pp. 803-817 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Rosi Rollings ◽

Dave Goulson

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Native Species ◽

Early Spring ◽

Solitary Bees ◽

Insect Communities ◽

Insect Visitation ◽

Pollinating Insects ◽

Flower Visiting ◽

Myosotis Arvensis ◽

A Site

Abstract There is great interest in planting urban areas to benefit pollinating insects, with the potential that urban areas and gardens could act as an extensive network of pollinator-friendly habitats. However, there are a great many different plant cultivars available to the gardener, and a paucity of evidence-based advice as to which plants are truly most attractive to flower-visiting insects. Here, we report insect visitation to metre square plots of 111 different ornamental plant cultivars at a site in central UK. Data were collected over 5 years, and comprise over 9000 insect observations, which were identified to species (for honeybees and bumblebees) or as ‘solitary bees’, Syrphidae, Lepidoptera and ‘others’. Unlike some previous studies, we found no difference in numbers of insects attracted to native or non-native species, or according to whether plants were annuals, biennials or perennials, but we did find that native plants attracted a significantly higher diversity of flower-visiting insects. Overall, the most-visited plants were Calamintha nepeta, Helenium autumnale and Geranium rozanne. However, patterns of visitation were quite different for every insect taxa examined. For example, different species of short-tongued bumblebees showed little overlap in their most-preferred plant cultivars. Interestingly, very similar plant cultivars often attracted different insect communities; for example, 72% of visitors to Aster novi belgii were honeybees or bumblebees, while the related Anthemis tinctoria, which also has daisy-like flowers, did not attract a single honeybee or bumblebee but was popular with solitary bees, hoverflies, and ‘other’ pollinators. Some plant cultivars such as Eryngium planum and Myosotis arvensis were attractive to a broad range of insects, while others attracted only a few species but sometimes in large numbers, such as Veronicastrum virginicum and Helenium autumnale which were both visited predominantly by honey bees. It is clear that we do not yet fully understand what factors drive insect flower preferences. Recommendations are made as to which flower cultivars could be combined to provide forage for a diversity of pollinator groups over the season from early spring to autumn, though it must be born in mind that some plants are likely to perform differently when grown in different environmental conditions.

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The weed composition in an orchard as a result of long-term foliar herbicide application

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.1685 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Maria Licznar-Małańczuk ◽

Iwona Sygutowska

Keyword(s):

Perennial Grass ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Individual Species ◽

Research Station ◽

Weed Species ◽

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Senecio Vulgaris ◽

Perennial Weeds

The weed composition and the dominance of individual species occurring in an orchard were assessed at the Research Station of the Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland, during the first 10 years after orchard establishment. ‘Ligol’ apple trees were planted in the spring of 2004 (3.5 × 1.2 m). Foliar herbicides were applied in 1 m wide tree rows twice or three times per each vegetation period. In the inter-row spaces, perennial grass was maintained.Ten years of maintenance of herbicide fallow contributed to a change in the weed composition in the orchard. It changed as a result of different responses of the most important weed species to the foliar herbicides. Total suppression of Elymus repens was observed in the first year after planting the trees. Convolvulus arvensis, Cirsium arvense, and other perennial weeds, completely disappeared in the succeeding periods. The maintenance of herbicide fallow did not affect the abundance of Taraxacum officinale. The percentage of the soil surface covered by Trifolium repens and Epilobium adenocaulon, perennial weeds with considerable tolerance to post-emergence herbicides, increased during the fruit-bearing period of the trees. The abundance of these weeds was significantly reduced only in the rows with the stronger growing trees on the semi-dwarf P 2 rootstock. Stellaria media was the dominant annual weed. Senecio vulgaris, Poa annua, Capsella bursa-pastoris, and Lamium spp. were also frequently observed. A significant increase in the abundance of annual and perennial weeds was found in the tree rows as a result of improved water availability after a period of high precipitation.

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Medicinal plants in segetal communities of the Kałuszyńska Upland

Plant Breeding and Seed Science ◽

10.2478/v10129-010-0017-3 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 105-114

Author(s):

Teresa Skrajna

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Vascular Plant ◽

Ground Cover ◽

Common Species ◽

Life Forms ◽

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Anthemis Arvensis ◽

Segetal Communities

Medicinal plants in segetal communities of the Kałuszyńska Upland The herbal flora of agrocenoses of the Kałuszyńska Upland includes 137 vascular plant species. Apophytes (91species-66,4%) prevail over anthropophytes (46 species-33,6 %). Meadow (32 species), waterside (20 species) and forest apophytes (17 species) were the most numerous. Short-lived plants (71 species) prevail over perennials (66 species) in the analysed flora. Therophytes (65 species) and hemicryptophytes (48 species) were the dominant life forms. Very rare, rare and quite rare species were the most frequent in the flora of the Kałuszyńska Upland. They build up over 63% of the total number of species. The share of common and very common species was about 8%. Some of them, e.g, Equisetum arvense, Chenopodium album, Viola arvensis, Anthemis arvensis, Centaurea cyanus, Cirsium arvense, Elymus repens Convolvulus arvensis, Capsella bursapastoris and Stellaria media were noted with a high ground cover. The occurrence of species rare in the region and in Poland among recorded medicinal plants, e.g., Camelina microcarpa sp. sylvestris, Hypericum humifusum, Consolida regalis, Asperugo procumbens and Herniaria glabra is especially noteworthy.

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SPECIES COMPOSITION OF WEEDS IN RAPESEED CROPS IN GEOGRAPHICALLY REMOTE REGIONS ON THE EXAMPLE OF LIPETSK AND SVERDLOVSK REGIONS

Agro-industrial technologies of the Central Russia ◽

10.24888/2541-7835-2020-18-96-107 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 96-107

Author(s):

N.N. Luneva ◽

◽

A.S. Tret'yakova ◽

P.V. Kondratkov ◽

V.L. Zakharov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Raphanus Raphanistrum ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Echinochloa Crusgalli ◽

Erodium Cicutarium ◽

Thlaspi Arvense ◽

Species Similarity ◽

Silene Pratensis ◽

Heat And Moisture

The aim of the study is to identify differences in the species composition of weeds in spring rapeseed crops in two geographically remote regions of the Russian Federation – Lipetsk (Central black earth region) and Sverdlovsk (Ural region). The analysis was carried out using methods of comparative Floristics and distribution of species by classes of constancy of occurrence. Differences between segetal weed flora elements in the agrophytocenoses of canola compare regions, as in floral structure, consisting of the first two "triads" of the floristic spectra and confirmed the low rate coefficient of species similarity. Species differences are represented by species that pollute rapeseed crops only in one of the compared regions. Among the species common to the agrophytocenoses of rapeseed in the two regions are such species as, Chenopodium album L., Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv., Silene praténsis (Rafn) Godr., Euphorbia helioscopia L, Fallopia convolvulus (L.) A. Loeve, Viola arvensis Murr. they are characterized by higher rates of occurrence in the Lipetsk region, and Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik., Cirsium setosum (Willd.) Bess, Erodium cicutarium (L.) L. Her., Thlaspi arvense L. – in the Sverdlovsk region. The dominant species in the Lipetsk region are Raphanus raphanistrum L., Chenopodium album L., Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv., Silene praténsis (Rafn) Godr., and in the Sverdlovsk region - Galium vaillantii DC., Stellaria media (L.) Vill., Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik., Thlaspi arvense L., Chenopodium album L., Cirsium setosum (Willd.) Bess. To protect rapeseed crops from weeds in different regions that differ in terms of heat and moisture availability, it is necessary to develop regional protection systems, preceded by mandatory monitoring studies.

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Segetal flora of the Wigry National Park

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2011.039 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

pp. 119-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Teresa Skrajna ◽

Helena Kubicka

Keyword(s):

Rare Species ◽

Native Species ◽

National Park ◽

Life Forms ◽

Cereal Crops ◽

Protected Species ◽

Number Of Species ◽

Phytosociological Relevés ◽

Centaurium Erythraea ◽

Segetal Flora

Segetal flora of the Wigry National Park (Poland) was studied in the period 2008-2010 within an area occupied by 33 villages. The analysis was based on 195 phytosociological relevés taken in fields of cereal crops, root plants and in stubble fields. The total number of species recorded in agrocenoses was 181 and they represented 36 botanical families. The most numerous families were Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Brasicaceae. The segetal flora of the Wigry National Park included mostly native species of apophytes (53.6%) that predominated over anthropophytes. Among apophytes, meadow apophytes (35 species) and those from waterside habitats (26 species) were noted most often, archaeophytes (74 species) were predominant among anthropophytes, while epecophytes (9 species) and ergasiophytes (1 species) were much less abundant. Among the life forms analysed, therophytes (61.9%) predominated over hemicryptophytes (27.1%) and geophytes (11%). The number of short-lived species in the flora of this Park was much greater (68.5%) than that of perennial ones (31.5%). The flora of the Park included 31 rare species classified in different categories of threat. Among them, Centaurium pulchellum and Centaurium erythraea belong to fully protected species (Dz.U. (Polish Journal of Laws) 2004 No. 168, item 1764).

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The phenology of an urban street flora: a transect study

British & Irish Botany ◽

10.33928/bib.2020.02.001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1-26

Author(s):

Chris Preston

Keyword(s):

Vascular Plants ◽

Native Species ◽

Residential Area ◽

Perennial Species ◽

Annual Species ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Senecio Vulgaris ◽

Urban Street ◽

Euphorbia Peplus ◽

Transect Study

Vascular plants in flower along a fixed 3.8 km route in eight streets in a primarily residential area of urban Cambridge, U.K., were recorded at monthly intervals between January 2016 and December 2019. There was a consistent annual pattern over the four years; the number of flowering species was greatest in June or July but there were still appreciable numbers of species flowering when totals were at their lowest in February or March. Five annuals (Capsella bursa-pastoris, Euphorbia peplus, Poa annua, Senecio vulgaris, Stellaria media) and one perennial (Parietaria judaica) were very frequent and flowered from January to December. Perennial species showed greater variation through the year than annual species. In most months the number of flowering British native species exceeded the combined number of archaeophytes and neophytes, but the native total peaked earlier in the summer and then declined more rapidly than that of the introductions. The transect method appeared to be effective in identifying the main annual phenological trends and also revealed the effects of extreme weather on the patterns in some seasons.

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Weed Species Shifts with Increasing Field Age in Alaska

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500069496 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 520-524 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Jeffery S. Conn ◽

John A. Delapp

Keyword(s):

Introduced Species ◽

Native Species ◽

Management Practices ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Vegetative Cover ◽

Weed Species ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

Hordeum Jubatum ◽

Polygonum Pensylvanicum

Vegetative cover of weeds was determined in 84 agricultural fields representing a number of crops in Alaska. Multivariate statistical techniques were used with weed, soil, and management data to determine if weed vegetation was related to particular environmental and management variables. Field age was the variable that best explained the variation in vegetation composition. In fields recently cleared, native species were most important, being replaced by introduced weed species with increasing field age. Field horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.) was an exceptional native species that persisted under cultivation. Total weed cover was low in the first few years of cultivation, but increased as introduced species such as common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.), common chickweed [Stellaria media (L.) Cyrillo], quackgrass [Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.], and foxtail barley (Hordeum jubatum L.) became more prevalent. A number of introduced species such as hempnettle (Galeopsis tetrahit L.) and Pennsylvania smartweed (Polygonum pensylvanicum L.) were restricted to just a few fields, emphasizing the importance of using weed-free seed and other management practices to minimize the spread of introduced weeds.

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Comparison of the Photosynthetic Capacity between Intact Leaves of Triazine-Resistant and -Susceptible Biotypes of Six Weed Species

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-1984-0527 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 39 (5) ◽

pp. 440-442 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

J.L.P. van Oorschot ◽

P.H. van Leeuwen

Keyword(s):

Photosynthetic Capacity ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Solanum Nigrum ◽

Poa Annua ◽

Weed Species ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Rate Of Photosynthesis ◽

Intact Leaves ◽

Polygonum Lapathifolium

The rate of photosynthesis in intact leaves of a triazine-resistant biotype of Amaranthus retroflexus was about 15% lower than that of a triazine-susceptible biotype. Differences in photosynthesis between resistant and susceptible biotypes of Polygonum lapathifolium, Poa annua and Solanum nigrum were not significant, and absent in Chenopodium album and Stellaria media. The results are brought in relation to the appearance of resistant biotypes in the field.

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