scholarly journals The phenology of an urban street flora: a transect study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Chris Preston
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Residential Area ◽  
Perennial Species ◽  
Annual Species ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Senecio Vulgaris ◽  
Urban Street ◽  
Euphorbia Peplus ◽  
Transect Study

Vascular plants in flower along a fixed 3.8 km route in eight streets in a primarily residential area of urban Cambridge, U.K., were recorded at monthly intervals between January 2016 and December 2019. There was a consistent annual pattern over the four years; the number of flowering species was greatest in June or July but there were still appreciable numbers of species flowering when totals were at their lowest in February or March. Five annuals (Capsella bursa-pastoris, Euphorbia peplus, Poa annua, Senecio vulgaris, Stellaria media) and one perennial (Parietaria judaica) were very frequent and flowered from January to December. Perennial species showed greater variation through the year than annual species. In most months the number of flowering British native species exceeded the combined number of archaeophytes and neophytes, but the native total peaked earlier in the summer and then declined more rapidly than that of the introductions. The transect method appeared to be effective in identifying the main annual phenological trends and also revealed the effects of extreme weather on the patterns in some seasons.

scholarly journals SPESIES TUMBUHAN ASLI, INTRODUKSI DAN INVASIF DI PULAU BARRANGCADDI SULAWESI SELATAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dody Priosambodo ◽  
Khairul Amri ◽  
Mahatma Lanuru
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
South China ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Check List ◽  
Field Guide

Penelitian tentang inventarisasi spesies tumbuhan di pulau Barrangcaddi yang berpenduduk padat telah dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis tumbuhan asli, tumbuhan introduksi dan tumbuhan invasif di Pulau Barrangcaddi. Kegiatan sampling dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling. Data diambil dengan mencatat semua spesies tumbuhan yang ditemukan selama penjelajahan di pulau Barrangcaddi. Seluruh sampel di foto. Sampel tumbuhan yang tidak diketahui namanya, di ambil bagian-bagiannya, kemudian dikoleksi dan diidentifikasi di laboratorium Ilmu Lingkungan dan Kelautan, Departemen Biologi, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Hasanuddin. Identifikasi sampel menggunakan buku: An Annotated Check-List of The Vascular Plants of The South China Sea and Its Shores oleh Turner et al. (2000) dan Mangrove Guidebook for Southeast Asia oleh Wim Giesen et al. (2007) untuk spesies hutan pantai; Tropical flowering plants: a guide to identification and cultivation oleh Kirsten Albrecht Llamas (2003) untuk spesies tanaman hias dan tanaman budidaya/introduksi serta Nonnative Invasive Plants of Pacific Coast Forest. A Field Guide for Identification oleh Gray et al. (2011) dan Guide to The Naturalized and Invasive Plants of Southeast Asia oleh Arne Witt (2017) untuk spesies tumbuhan invasif. Dari hasil penelitian di pulau Barrangcaddi tercatat sebanyak 142 spesies tumbuhan dari 51 suku. Sebagian besar didominasi oleh tanaman hias dan budidaya (introduksi) dengan 103 spesies dari 42 suku diikuti spesies asli (native species) dengan jumlah 29 spesies dari 19 suku. Spesies invasif tercatat paling sedikit dengan jumlah 10 spesies dari 5 suku. Sebagian besar tutupan vegetasi dari spesies asli telah hilang akibat alih fungsi lahan menjadi permukiman.

Effect of indaziflam on native species in natural areas and rangeland

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon L. Clark ◽  
Derek J. Sebastian ◽  
Scott J. Nissen ◽  
James R. Sebastian
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Perennial Species ◽  
Temporary Reduction ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance

AbstractMinimizing the negative ecological impacts of exotic plant invasions is one goal of land management. Using selective herbicides is one strategy to achieve this goal; however, the unintended consequences of this strategy are not always fully understood. The recently introduced herbicide indaziflam has a mode of action not previously used in non-crop weed management. Thus, there is limited information about the impacts of this active ingredient when applied alone or in combination with other non-crop herbicides. The objective of this research was to evaluate native species tolerance to indaziflam and imazapic applied alone and with other broadleaf herbicides. Replicated field plots were established at two locations in Colorado with a diverse mix of native forbs and grasses. Species richness and abundance were compared between the nontreated control plots and plots where indaziflam and imazapic were applied alone and in combination with picloram and aminocyclopyrachlor. Species richness and abundance did not decrease when indaziflam or imazapic were applied alone; however, species abundance was reduced by treatments containing picloram and aminocyclopyrachlor. Species richness was only impacted at one site 1 yr after treatment (YAT) by these broadleaf herbicides. Decreases in abundance were mainly due to reductions in forbs that resulted in a corresponding increase in grass cover. Our data suggest that indaziflam will control downy brome (Bromus tectorumL.) for multiple years without reduction in perennial species richness or abundance. IfB. tectorumis present with perennial broadleaf weeds requiring the addition of herbicides like picloram or aminocyclopyrachlor, forb abundance could be reduced, and in some cases there could be a temporary reduction in perennial species richness.

Temporal Changes in the Suburban Avifauna of an Inland City

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
DN Jones
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Residential Area ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
House Sparrows ◽  
The Individual

The suburban bird community of Wagga Wagga, N.S.W., was surveyed during December 1978-January 1979 and May 1979, at nine sites selected to cover all ages of residential areas from predevelopment to oldest suburbs and to demonstrate how the bird community will change with time in response to changing habitat. Non-residential sites were also sampled. Sites were censused by foot transect. House sparrows which were present in all sites, were the first species to colonize new residential areas and made up over 95% of the individual count of four sites Of native species, 40% were found in undeveloped sites only. The population density of undeveloped sites was only half that of developed sites, but the greatest species diversity was found in undeveloped sites and the lowest in the most altered sites. There was strong evidence for a steady linear increase in numbers of individuals, numbers of species, biomass and population density with increasing age of residential area, reaching a peak at about 30 years.

Oxadiazon for Weed Control in Woody Ornamentals

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Bailey ◽  
James A. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Senecio Vulgaris ◽  
Woody Ornamentals

Weed competition in the commercial production of woody ornamentals results in substantial economic losses annually due to increased labor costs and reductions in plant growth and quality. Container and field experiments were established in 1975 and continued through 1976 to evaluate oxadiazon [2-tert-butyl-4-(2,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-δ2-1,3,4-oxadiazolin-5-one] as a weed control agent and to determine its effect on ornamentals at selected test sites throughout the United States. Test programs were conducted with container and field grown ornamentals at 10 locations during 1975 and subsequently increased to 12 locations in 1976. Rates evaluated included 3.4, 4.5, 5.6 and 11.2 kg/ha. Highly effective control of 17 weeds was obtained for 3-month periods at rates as low as 4.5 kg/ha. Oxadiazon gave commercially acceptable control of common groundsel (Senecio vulgaris L.), a very serious weed problem in containers. Control of common chickweed [Stellaria media (L.) Cyrillo], however, was poor at all rates tested. Ornamental tolerance to oxadiazon was generally excellent. Of the 50 ornamental species evaluated in 1975, only two displayed phytotoxic symptoms; scarlet firethorn (Pyracantha coccinea Roem.) and Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense Lour.) at 5.6 and 11.2 kg/ha following three successive applications at 3-month intervals. In 1976 trials on 63 species, phytotoxic symptoms could not be reproduced on the above species; chemical intolerance was limited to growth inhibition of aloe yucca (Yucca aloifolia L.) at 5.6 and 11.2 kg/ha.

Western Australian Species-Rich Kwongan (Sclerophyllous Shrubland) Affected by Drought

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 573 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Hnatiuk ◽  
AJM Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Perennial Species ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Vegetative Regeneration ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Western Australian

Observations of responses to aseasonal water stress are reported for 238 above-ground perennial species of native vascular plants in a 20 km2 area of Western Australia surveyed during the second consecutive year of below average rainfall. Eighty-six species (36%) were found with dead individuals. Both vegetative regeneration and seedling regeneration appeared to be successful means of surviving drought stress in this region. The drought affected species of the families Proteaceae and Epacridaceae more than those of other major families. There are similarities in the response of the vegetation to the two main, irregularly occurring phenomena, aseasonal drought and fire: both can affect vegetation over large areas and yet leave considerable patches within the area that are little affected. Together these two factors contribute to the production of complex and dynamic mosaic-patterns in the vegetation.

scholarly journals Variability of contemporary vegetation around Petuniabukta, central Spitsbergen

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Prach ◽  
Jitka Klimešová ◽  
Jiří Košnar ◽  
Olexii Redčenko ◽  
Martin Hais
Keyword(s):  
High Latitude ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Vegetation Pattern ◽  
Svalbard Archipelago ◽  
Species Lists ◽  
Phytosociological Relevés ◽  
First Time

Abstract Vegetation was described in various spatial scales in the area of 37.8 km2 including distinguishing vegetation units, vegetation mapping, recording phytosociological relevés (53), and completing species lists of vascular plants (86), mosses (124) and lichens (40). Phytosociological relevés were elaborated using ordination methods DCA and CCA. The relevés formed clusters corresponding well to a priori assigned vegetation units. Slope and stoniness significantly influenced the vegetation pattern. Despite the high latitude (nearly 80° N), the vegetation is rather rich in species. Non-native species do not expand. The moss Bryum dichotomum is reported for the first time from Svalbard archipelago.

Surveys of sugar-beet seed crops, mangold clamps and weedsin England for aphids and viruses, 1963–73

1975 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Heathcote ◽  
W. J. Byford
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Senecio Vulgaris ◽  
Southern England ◽  
Beet Root ◽  
Euonymus Europaeus ◽  
Sugar Beet Root ◽  
Seed Crops

SUMMARYThe annual patterns of infestation of sugar-beet root and seed crops by green aphids (Myzus persicae) and by black aphids (Aphis fabae) were similar, paralleling population changes shown by catches on sticky traps in southern England, but the incidence of yellows in root crops was not correlated with incidence in seed crops in the same year. Few green aphids overwintered on beet-seed plants and the incidence of yellows was consistently low in the main seed-growing areas where all the stecklings are raised under cereal cover crops. Elsewhere, yellows sometimes spread in the autumn and many green aphids occasionally overwintered. Black aphids were seldom prevalent; the severity of attack correlated with the number of eggs laid on spindle (Euonymus europaeus) during the previous autumn.Twenty-two per cent of mangold clamps checked in mid-April contained aphids, but only about 5 % contained M. persicae. Seventeen per cent of the infested clamps contained aphids infective with BMYV and 10% contained aphids infective with BYV. However, the acreage of mangolds grown in England has decreased.Myzus ascalonicus overwintered on weeds more often than M. persicae or other species likely to act as vectors of viruses affecting sugar beet. Forty per cent of samples of some common weeds collected from sheltered sites during mid-April from 1963 to 1973 were infested with aphids, and those on chickweed (Stellaria media), groundsel (Senecio vulgaris) and shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris) were commonly infective with yellowing viruses. Weeds are probably a major source of yellowing viruses in southern England.

scholarly journals The weed composition in an orchard as a result of long-term foliar herbicide application

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Licznar-Małańczuk ◽  
Iwona Sygutowska
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Senecio Vulgaris ◽  
Perennial Weeds

<p>The weed composition and the dominance of individual species occurring in an orchard were assessed at the Research Station of the Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland, during the first 10 years after orchard establishment. ‘Ligol’ apple trees were planted in the spring of 2004 (3.5 × 1.2 m). Foliar herbicides were applied in 1 m wide tree rows twice or three times per each vegetation period. In the inter-row spaces, perennial grass was maintained.</p><p>Ten years of maintenance of herbicide fallow contributed to a change in the weed composition in the orchard. It changed as a result of different responses of the most important weed species to the foliar herbicides. Total suppression of <em>Elymus repens</em> was observed in the first year after planting the trees. <em>Convolvulus arvensis</em>, <em>Cirsium arvense</em>, and other perennial weeds, completely disappeared in the succeeding periods. The maintenance of herbicide fallow did not affect the abundance of <em>Taraxacum officinale</em>. The percentage of the soil surface covered by <em>Trifolium repens</em> and <em>Epilobium adenocaulon</em>, perennial weeds with considerable tolerance to post-emergence herbicides, increased during the fruit-bearing period of the trees. The abundance of these weeds was significantly reduced only in the rows with the stronger growing trees on the semi-dwarf P 2 rootstock. <em>Stellaria media</em> was the dominant annual weed. <em>Senecio vulgaris</em>, <em>Poa annua</em>, <em>Capsella bursa-pastoris</em>, and <em>Lamium</em> spp. were also frequently observed. A significant increase in the abundance of annual and perennial weeds was found in the tree rows as a result of improved water availability after a period of high precipitation.</p>

Germination of Winter Annual Species from a Rangeland Community Treated by Paraquat

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond A. Evans ◽  
James A. Young ◽  
Burgess L. Kay
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Annual Plant ◽  
Annual Species ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Annual Plant Species ◽  
Seed Characteristics ◽  
Germination Requirements

Three annual plant species — erect plantain (Plantago erectaMorris), common chickweed [Stellaria media(L.) Cyrill.], and silver hairgrass (Aira caryophylleaL.)—are commonly found and may dominate a unique flora on areas sprayed with paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion) in cismontane rangelands of California. The basis of this phenomenon is shown to be temperature-related germination requirements, novel seed characteristics, and lack of competition.

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