The weed composition in an orchard as a result of long-term foliar herbicide application

Maria Licznar-Małańczuk; Iwona Sygutowska

doi:10.5586/aa.1685

The weed composition in an orchard as a result of long-term foliar herbicide application

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.1685 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Maria Licznar-Małańczuk ◽

Iwona Sygutowska

Keyword(s):

Perennial Grass ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Individual Species ◽

Research Station ◽

Weed Species ◽

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Senecio Vulgaris ◽

Perennial Weeds

The weed composition and the dominance of individual species occurring in an orchard were assessed at the Research Station of the Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland, during the first 10 years after orchard establishment. ‘Ligol’ apple trees were planted in the spring of 2004 (3.5 × 1.2 m). Foliar herbicides were applied in 1 m wide tree rows twice or three times per each vegetation period. In the inter-row spaces, perennial grass was maintained.Ten years of maintenance of herbicide fallow contributed to a change in the weed composition in the orchard. It changed as a result of different responses of the most important weed species to the foliar herbicides. Total suppression of Elymus repens was observed in the first year after planting the trees. Convolvulus arvensis, Cirsium arvense, and other perennial weeds, completely disappeared in the succeeding periods. The maintenance of herbicide fallow did not affect the abundance of Taraxacum officinale. The percentage of the soil surface covered by Trifolium repens and Epilobium adenocaulon, perennial weeds with considerable tolerance to post-emergence herbicides, increased during the fruit-bearing period of the trees. The abundance of these weeds was significantly reduced only in the rows with the stronger growing trees on the semi-dwarf P 2 rootstock. Stellaria media was the dominant annual weed. Senecio vulgaris, Poa annua, Capsella bursa-pastoris, and Lamium spp. were also frequently observed. A significant increase in the abundance of annual and perennial weeds was found in the tree rows as a result of improved water availability after a period of high precipitation.

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Occurrence of Weeds in an Orchard due to Cultivation of Long-Term Perennial Living Mulches

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.7326 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 73 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Maria Licznar-Małańczuk

Keyword(s):

White Clover ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Apple Orchard ◽

Research Station ◽

Weed Species ◽

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

Perennial Weed ◽

Poaceae Family ◽

One Year

The living mulch permanence along with the succession of their weed infestation in an apple orchard were evaluated at the Research Station, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences. The perennial cover crops: white clover and colonial bent grass, as well as the annual dwarf nasturtium, were sown as living mulches in apple tree rows, in the year of establishing the orchard. Blue fescue was sown one year later to replace the dwarf nasturtium. The percent of covers and temporal dominance dynamics of weeds were estimated during the first 13 years of the orchard maintenance. The occurrence of annual weeds, which had been abundant in all the living mulches in the year of their sowing, decreased in the following years of orchard maintenance. Conversely, the dominance of several perennial weed species increased as the orchard reached the full cropping period. White clover exhibited the lowest permanence. Dynamic spreading of Elymus repens (L.) Gould and other species from the Poaceae family was the direct cause of this cover crop disappearance. The presence of perennial dicotyledonous weeds, primarily Taraxacum officinale Web. and Convolvulus arvensis L., also contributed to the diminished sod of all the living mulches. Blue fescue maintained satisfactory dominance relative to colonial bent grass for nearly the entire first decade of the research. Nevertheless, both grass living mulches were present on less than half of the tree row soil surface area, in the thirteenth year after planting of the apple trees.

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The diversity of weed species occurring in living mulch in an apple orchard

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2014.001 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 47-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maria Licznar-Małańczuk

Keyword(s):

White Clover ◽

Perennial Grass ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Apple Orchard ◽

Research Station ◽

Weed Species ◽

Living Mulch ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

Second Year ◽

Annual Weeds

In a study conducted at the Research Station of the Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, weed occurrence in living mulches maintained in apple tree rows of ‘Pinova’ cv. was assessed during the first seven years after sowing. The trees were planted in spring 2004 (3.5 × 1.2 m). In the same year, living mulches: colonial bent grass, white clover and French marigold, were sown into 1 m wide tree rows. Blue fescue, the only perennial cover crop with herbicide application against dicot weeds once in the second year after sowing, was introduced in the second year after planting the trees to replace dwarf nasturtium which was sown in the year of orchard establishment. In the inter-row spaces, perennial grass was maintained.During the first seven years, variation in weeds was observed depending on living mulch. Multi-species weed infestation persisted throughout the study period only in the case of annually resown French marigold. Perennial living mulches were significantly suppressed the annual weeds. Significant suppression of Taraxacum officinale Web. was found where the soil surface was covered by perennial grass sod in more than ¾. The maintenance of blue fescue resulted in significantly lower average soil coverage by Elymus repens (L.) Gould; the growth of this weed significantly contributed to the reduction of white clover sod and French marigold plants.

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RESULT OF HERBICIDES APPLIED AGAINST OF WEEDS IN SOYBEAN FIELD

Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.5564/mjas.v13i2.521 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 76-79

Author(s):

O Ariunaa ◽

M Otgonsuren

Keyword(s):

Chenopodium Album ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Weed Species ◽

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

Couch Grass ◽

Soybean Field ◽

Small Areas ◽

Polygonum Convolvulus ◽

Perennial Weeds ◽

Field Bindweed

Herbicides, if used properly, are safe and effective in controlling weeds in soybean. The choice of herbicide, however, depends on the predominant weed species and the availability of the herbicide. Chemical control is currently the most widely used control for soybean crops, due to its ease of control and to the small areas planted in Mongolia. In the soybean field the 15species of weeds belonging to 9 families, 12 genus including 62.5 % annual, 37.5%perennial weeds are distributed.The major grassy weeds; Common millet-(Panicummiliaceum L), Couch grass-(Agropyronrepens L), Bristlegrass-(Seteriaviridis L) sp and broadleaved weeds Redroot Pigweed-(Amaranthtusretro flexus),lambs guarters-(Chenopodium album), AristateGoosfoot-(Chenopodiumaristatum L), Black bindweed-(Polygonum convolvulus), Mallow weed-(Malvamochileviensis Down), Field bindweed-(Convolvulus arvensis), Bristhly thistle-(Cirsiumsetosum ), Dwarf bifurcate cinquefoil -(Potentillabifurca), Perennial Sowthisle-(Sonchusarvensis L) weeds have been distributed in the soybean field.In soybean field the Forward herbicide were applied in doses of 1.0-1.2l/ha have reduced the number of weeds by 90.1-91.6%, weight by 59.5-66.1% and super herbicide Gallantsuper applied in doses of 0.45-0.65l/ha have reduced the number of weeds by 91.0-95.0%, weight by 39.5-59.8% while Cobra herbicide applied in doses of 0.45-0.55l/ha used in broadleaved weed distributed field, have reduced the number of weeds by 90.2-94.6% and weight by 42.7-50.7%. The herbicide application increased of yield hectare by 3.6-9.0 center.Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.13(2) 2014: 76-79

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Exploring different weeds management practices in wheat

JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH ◽

10.28941/pjwsr.v27i2.936 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 213-225

Author(s):

Muhamamd Arif

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Experimental Treatment ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Field Investigation ◽

Weed Suppression ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Research Station ◽

Human Beings ◽

Weed Species ◽

Neem Extract

Frequent utilization of herbicides has caused ecological and health complications for human beings as well as for animals. Moreover, its unwise application also developed resistance in some weed species against the herbicides. Therefore, a field investigation was planned to assess the effect of multi-approached weed suppression in wheat at Reclamation Research Station, 7/3-L Ahmad Pur Sial District Jhang during Rabi 2019-20. Experimental treatment was comprised of two wheat cultivars i.e. Ujala 2016 and Faisalabad 2008 and seven weeds control approaches i.e. hand weeding, organic mulching, eucalyptus extract, neem extract, clodinafop, bromoxynil + MCPA and clodinafop + bromoxynil + MCPA including control. Results of the experiment showed that hand weedings, combined application of clodinafop + bromoxynil + MCPA and mulching significantly reduced the weeds density, fresh and dry weight of weeds. However, covering the soil surface with the organic mulch may have a great impact on the growth and yield-contributing attributes, hence produced maximum grain yield.

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Uptake of more important mineral components by common field weeds on loess soils

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.1986.012 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 129-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Leszek Malicki ◽

Czesława Berbeciowa

Keyword(s):

Spring Barley ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Cultivated Plants ◽

Weed Species ◽

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Sugar Beets ◽

Polygonum Convolvulus ◽

Mineral Components ◽

Sonchus Arvensis

We have determined the contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn in winter wheat, spring barley, sugar beets and winter rape, as well as in the most common weed species infesting these crops. It was established that the percentage of mineral components in the dry matter of the majority of weeds is higher than in that of the cultivated plants. The most dangerous weed species competing with plants for the investigated nutrients were: Chenopodium album, Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis, Polygonum convolvulus, Sonchus arvensis and Stellaria media.

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Weed infestation of crops in different soils in the protective zone of Roztocze National Park. Part I. Winter and spring cereals

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2004.019 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 57 (1-2) ◽

pp. 207-219

Author(s):

Marta Ziemińska-Smyk ◽

Czesława Trąba

Keyword(s):

Loess Soil ◽

Weed Species ◽

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Winter Cereals ◽

Centaurea Cyanus ◽

Spring Cereals ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

Limestone Soil ◽

Different Soils

The study on weed infestation of crops in different soils in the protective zone of RPN was conducted in the years 1991-1995. The characterization of weed infestation of winter and spring cereals was based on 306 phytosociological records. made with the use of Braun-Blanquet method. The degree of weed infestation in the fields in the protective zone of RPN depended on environment conditions. Both winter and spring cereals in majority of soils were most infested by: Cenaturea cyanus, Apera spica-venti and Vicia hirsta. In the lightest podsolic soils, made of loose sand and slightly loamy sand. winter and spring cereals were additionally infested by Equisetum arvense and two acidophylic species: Seleranthus annuus and Spergula arvensis. The crops in brown loess soil were infested by Matricaria maritima subsp. inodora. The most difficult weed species in brown soil formed from gaizes and limestone soil were: Convolvulus arvensis, Papaver rhoeas and Galium aparine. Moreover winter cercals in limestone soil showed high or medium infestation with Consolida regalis, Aethusa cynapium, Lathyrus tuberosus and low infestation with Apera spica-venti and Centaurea cyanus. Spring cereals were less infested than winter cereals. Apera spica-venti and Centaurea cyanus were less common with spring cereals than with winter cereals. Also, spring cereals showed high or medium infestation with Convolvulus arvensis. Spring cereals in some soil units were infested by Chenopodium album and Stellaria media. There was also higher infestation of spring cereals in limestone soils with Avena fatua, Veronica persica, Sinapis arvensis and Sonchus arvensis, compared to winter cereals in limestone soils.

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Efficacy of some herbicides in wheat crop

Pesticidi ◽

10.2298/pif0202023r ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 17 (1-2) ◽

pp. 23-29

Author(s):

Ljiljana Radivojevic ◽

Radmila Stankovic-Kalezic ◽

M. Budimir

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Field Trials ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Weed Species ◽

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Galium Aparine ◽

Winter Wheat Crop ◽

Fumaria Officinalis

In 2001 and 2002 field trials were carried out to evaluate efficacy of eight herbicides, alone or in the combinations, in winter wheat crop, in the Juzni Banat region. The next herbicides were examined: 2,4-D, Fluroksypyr Tribenuronmethyl, 2,4-D+Florasulam, Bentazon+Dicamba, Triasulfuron+Dicamba lodosulphuron-methylodium+Amidosulphuron Herbicides were applied after tillering of wheat was over. More frequent weed species were: Anthemis arvensis, Chenopodium album, Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis Delphinium consolida, Fumaria officinalis, Galium aparine, Lamium purpureum Polygonum convolvulus, Ranunculus arvensis, Sinapis arvensis, Stellaria media, Veronica polita i Viola tricolor. The most sensitive weed species to all herbicides were S. arvensis and Ch. album. The most tolerant was G. aparine (exept to fluroxipyr). The other species were less sensitive and herbicides eficacy were good or satisfactory, exept to V. polita and D. consolida. These results sugest that all applied herbicides could be successful in broad leaves weed control in the winter wheat crop in the Juzni Banat region.

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Weeds of cereal stubble-fields on various soils in the Kielce region. P. III. Black, alluvial and rendzina soils

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.1994.011 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 39-51

Author(s):

Maria Jędruszczak ◽

Jan Majda

Keyword(s):

Alluvial Soil ◽

Cirsium Arvense ◽

Species Number ◽

Weed Species ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Polygonum Aviculare ◽

Soil Features ◽

Perennial Weeds ◽

Weed Flora ◽

Myosotis Arvensis

The weed flora growing stubble-fields area is determined by soil features. Weeds found in cereal stubble-fields on black soils formed from sands and loams, medium and haevy alluvial soils as well as brown and chernozem rendzina soils are presented in the paper. The 273 phytosociological records were worked out. They were collected from 87 stands situated in 76 localities of Kielce region. The results showed that species number and species composition were dependent on the soils (black. alluvial, rendzina). The existance of 118 (medium alluvial soil) to 140 (brown rendzina soil) weed species, including 73 common for all of the soils considered, was found there. Relatively high per cent (29-35) of them belonged to perennial weeds. From 22 (brown rendzina soil) to 35 (heavy alluvial soil) of species reached high constancy degrees (V-III). Stellaria media, Myosotis arvensis, Polygonum aviculare, Agropyron repens and Cirsium arvense predominated on the all of the soil examined. Among the weed flora registered, 25 species, recorded only on rendzina soils, were distinguishable for that soils.

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Influence of ridge cultivation and phacelia intercrop on weed infestation of root vegetables of the Asteraceae family

Folia Horticulturae ◽

10.2478/v10245-012-0003-3 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 21-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marzena Błażewicz-Woźniak ◽

Mirosław Konopiński

Keyword(s):

Chenopodium Album ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Crop Species ◽

Soil System ◽

Senecio Vulgaris ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

Asteraceae Family ◽

Root Vegetables

Influence of ridge cultivation and phacelia intercrop on weed infestation of root vegetables of the Asteraceae family The field experiment focused on three high-inulin vegetable crops: chicory (Cichorium intybus L. var. sativum Bisch), black salsify (Scorzonera hispanica L.) and common salsify (Tragopogon porrifolius L.), and took into account two cultivation methods (flat soil and ridges) and a phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia L.) intercrop, the biomass of which was mixed with the soil during pre-winter ploughing. Cultivation without an intercrop served as the control. The studies aimed at evaluating the influence of ridge cultivation using a phacelia intercrop on the species composition and population of vegetable weeds as compared to traditional flat-soil cultivation with no intercrop. In total, 24 taxa in the primary and 31 taxa in the secondary weed populations (mostly characteristic for vegetable crops) were recorded in high-inulin species plantations. Monocarpic species such as Senecio vulgaris, Chenopodium album and Lamium amplexicaule dominated in the spring, while Stellaria media, Capsella bursa-pastoris and Urtica urens were most numerous at the end of the vegetation period. Applying phacelia as the intercrop and ploughing its biomass before winter significantly reduced the primary weed population for all of the cultivated crop species as compared to the no-intercrop cultivations. Phacelia grown as the intercrop reduced the occurrence of Senecio vulgaris, while favouring the development of Lamium amplexicaule. The cultivation system affected the primary weed infestation of vegetables, whereas it had no impact on the level of secondary weed infestation. At the beginning of the vegetation periods, fewer weeds grew in ridges than in the flat soil system. The crop species had no effect on the primary weed infestation, while it influenced weed numbers in the secondary. The lowest number of weeds was recorded in the secondary weed infestation of chicory, the well-developed leaf rosettes of which efficiently eliminated most of the weeds.

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Impact of effective microorganisms on weed infestation and yield of peppermint cultivated on muck-peat soil

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.1755 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 71 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Andrzej Borowy ◽

Magdalena Kapłan ◽

Marcela Krawiec

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Poa Pratensis ◽

Peat Soil ◽

Mentha Piperita ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Weed Species ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Effective Microorganisms ◽

Senecio Vulgaris ◽

Main Components

Peppermint (Mentha ×piperita L.) rootstock cuttings with 9–11 internodes were planted on April 10, 2014 in rows 50 cm apart and with 25-cm distance in the row, on well fertilized muck-peat soil containing 82.1% of organic matter with a pH of 5.9. Peppermint plants were sprayed once with an activated EM-1 preparation, then on two or three further occasions as follows: at 10 cm height (May 10), at branching stage (May 29), and during rapid growth (June 19). EM did not affect peppermint growth or yield. Yields of the fresh and dry herb were high (means: 15,563 and 2,661 kg ha−1, respectively) and characterized by a medium (1.85–1.90%) essential oil content in the dry herb. Twenty-nine compounds were identified in the oil and its main components were menthol (53.1–58.5%), menthone (14.6–16.8%), isomenthone (6.3–6.7%), menthyl acetate (4.0–5.0%), germacrene D (2.3–3.4%), ß-caryophyllene (1.8–2.4%), viridiflorol (1.5–2.3%), and 1,8-cyneole (0.3–3.7%). EM did not affect the content of essential oil in the dry herb or the oil composition (except for 1,8-cyneole). Thirty-four days after planting, 22 weed species grew in the experimental plots and the dominant were common meadow grass (Poa pratensis L.) accounting for 20% of total weed population, annual meadow grass (Poa annua L.) 17%, common chickweed [Stellaria media (L.) Vill.] 20%, creeping yellowcress [Rorippa sylvestris (L.) Besser] 8%, hairy galinsoga [Galinsoga ciliata (Raf.) S. F. Blake] 7%, gallant soldiers (Galinsoga parviflora Cav.) 6%, Canadian horseweed [Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq.] 6%, common groundsel (Senecio vulgaris L.) 5%, and annual nettle (Urtica urens L.) 5%. Other species occurred sporadically. The total number and fresh weight of weeds growing on 1 m2 were 412 and 246 g on plots treated with EM and 389 and 227 g on control plots, respectively, but the differences were not statistically significant.

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