scholarly journals Synanthropic Orchard Flora in West Mazovia – Central Poland

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Lisek
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Conyza Canadensis ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Polygonum Aviculare ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Phytosociological Relevés

Abstract Research on synanthropic flora was conducted in the orchards of central Poland (near Skierniewice, Łowicz and Grójec). In the 2007-2010 time period, 390 phytosociological releves were taken, which included herbicide fallow under trees, swarm of inter-rows, tillage places, trodden and rutty places, roadsides, boundary stripes and drainage ditches. In the examined orchards the occurrence of 186 species belonging to 39 botanical families was noted. The most numerously represented were: Asteraceae (21%), Poaceae (15%), Brassicacea (8%) and Fabaceae (7%). In the examined orchards, 60% of the found species occurred occasionally or rarely. Those species which were found at the 15% level were: Equisetum arvense, Polygonum aviculare, Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retroflexus, Stellaria media, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Convolvulus arvensis, Viola arvensis, Epilobium adenocaulon, Conyza canadensis, Taraxacum officinale, Poa annua, and Echinochloa crus-galli. All of these species which occurred at the 15% level were most frequently noted in the herbicide fallow and were recognised as the most significant orchard weeds. The most numerous group in the examined orchards was made up of the therophytes (50%), which predominated over hemicryptophytes (31%) and geophytes (10%). Apophytes - native species (59%) predominated over archeophytes (33%) and kenophytes (8%). Within the vascular flora of the examined orchards, those which were predominant were the segetal species (26%), ruderal species (21%) and meadow species (19%).

scholarly journals Видовой состав сорных растений в агрофитоценозах зерновых культур в географически отдаленных областях: Ленинградской (Северо-Западный регион) и Липецкой (Центрально-Черноземный регион)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Н. Н. Лунева
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Silene Vulgaris ◽  
Raphanus Raphanistrum ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Echinochloa Crusgalli ◽  
Polygonum Aviculare ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Fumaria Officinalis

Цель исследования – выявление различий в видовом составе сорных растений в посевах зерновых культур в географически отдаленных регионах (СЗР и ЦЧР). Произведен сравнительный анализ данных обследования 30 полей зерновых культур в ряде районов Ленинградской области в 2014-2016 гг. и 29 полей в районах Липецкой области в 2016-2018 гг., осуществленных по оригинальной методике автора. Использованы традиционные методы флористического анализа, а также распределение видов по классам постоянства встречаемости. Различия между сегетальными элементами флоры зерновых культур двух областей заключаются в более высоких показателях флористического богатства и таксономического разнообразия в Ленинградской области, а также различной очередностью семейств в первых двух «триадах» сравниваемых флористических спектров. Более глубокие отличия заключаются не только в наличии дифференциальных видов (63 вида в посевах зерновых культур только в Ленинградской области и 45 видов в посевах зерновых только в Липецкой области), но и в разных показателях встречаемости одинаковых видов, засоряющих посевы зерновых культур в обоих регионах. К более высоким классам постоянства встречаемости в Ленинградской области, чем в Липецкой, относятся виды: Chenopodium album L., Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip., Matricaria discoídea DC., Taraxacum officinale Wigg., Thlaspi arvense L., Stellaria media (L.) Vill., Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski, Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik., Fumaria officinalis L. и Fallopia convolvulus (L.) A. Loeve, Achillea millefolium L., Artemisia vulgaris L., Sonchus arvensis L., Myosotis arvensis (L.) Hill., Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke, Plantago major L., Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) S.F. Gray, Polygonum aviculare L. На территории Липецкой области такими видами являются – Silene praténsis (Rafn) Godr,. Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv., Galeopsis tetrahit L., Galium aparine L., Convolvulus arvensis L. В засоренности посевов ячменя в разных областях также выявлены различия: зарегистрировано 42 вида сорных растений в посевах ячменя только Ленинградской области (среди которых доминирует Matricaria discoídea DC.) и 31 вид в посевах ячменя только в Липецкой области (среди которых доминируют Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv., и Amaranthus retroflexus L.). Из 29 одинаковых видов в посевах ячменя обеих областей, в Ленинградской области преобладают Chenopodium album L., Fumaria officinalis L., Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip., а в Липецкой Convolvulus arvensis L., Galeopsis tetrahit L., Raphanus raphanistrum L. Следовательно, фитосанитарный прогноз распространения видов сорных растений в посевах зерновых культур в целом, и в посевах ячменя, в частности, как и системы защиты от сорных растений будут отличаться в двух сравниваемых регионах.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE PROTECTION SYSTEM FOR CORE SEEDS FROM WEEDS AT VARIOUS METHODS OF TREATING SOIL UNDER CONDITIONS OF FOREST RIVER STEPPE

2020 ◽  
pp. 106-119
Author(s):  
Nina Rudska
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Small Disk ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense

The article confirms the feasibility and effectiveness of modern herbicides in corn crops for various methods of tillage. According to the research results, a mixed type of weediness is formed in corn crops, among which the largest share is occupied by late spring late spring species, which accounted for 71,8 % of the total number of weeds that appeared during the growing season of the crop. These included: millet of chickens (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Roem.) – 16,1 %, blue bristles (Setaria glauca L.) – 30,4 %, among dicotyledons: small-flowered Galinsoga (Galinsoga rarviflora Cav. ) – 18,4 %, common thyroid (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) – 5,4 %. Early spring was 7,6 %, including white quinoa (Chenopodium album L.) – 7,5 %. Among wintering species, the shepherd's purse ordinary (Capsela bursa pastoris L. Medic) prevailed. – 3,9 %, odorless chamomile (Matricaria perforata Merat.) – 3,2 %, Field yarut (Thlaspi arvense L.) – 2,5 %, field violet (Viola arvensis Murr.) – 2,0 %, with ephemera - medium asterisk (Stellaria media L.) – 5,3 %. Perennial rootstock and weeds of sow thistle pink (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.) 0,9%, yellow sow thistle (Sonchus arvensis L.) – 0,1 %, field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) – 0,9 %, of perennial rhizome - creeping wheatgrass (Elytrigia repens L.) – 0.8%. An insignificant proportion of the species composition of weeds was occupied by perennial strzynekoreni and weeds. Also, when conducting research, it was found that the density of corn standing in the phase of full germination on arable land was in the range of 78,3–78,6 pcs./m2. For small disk processing, this indicator decreased to 78,1–78,2 pcs./m2. For the period of maize harvesting, differences in the density of standing of corn during various methods of tillage were also noted. So, on plowing under the conditions of herbicide protection, the density was high and was in the range of 72,9–7,2 thousand units. / Ha, while for small disk – 72,3–72,6 thousand units./ha. Herbicidal protection options ensured the death of weeds by 89–100 % within 30 days after their application. At the time of harvesting the crop, the decrease in the number of weeds compared to the untreated areas amounted to 71–98 %. The most effective was the double application of roundup max 2,4 l/ha in phases 3 and 8 of the leaves in corn. The highest yield of corn grain was obtained due to the double use of the herbicide roundup max at a rate of 2,4 l/ha. In the case of police processing, the collection was 9,4 t/ha, and for small-scale processing, it was 9,2 t/ha. Key words: corn, soil cultivation, weeds, herbicides, efficiency, productivity.

scholarly journals Diversity of Segetal Flora in Salix viminalis L. Crops Established on Former Arable and Fallow Lands in Central Poland

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Maria Janicka ◽  
Aneta Kutkowska ◽  
Jakub Paderewski
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Salix Viminalis ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
Fallow Lands ◽  
Historical Group ◽  
Phytosociological Relevés ◽  
Segetal Flora

The flora of willow (Salix viminalis L.) plantations consists of various plant groups, including plants related to arable land, called segetal plants. Knowledge of this flora is important for maintaining biodiversity in agroecosystems. The aim of the study was to assess the segetal flora of the willow plantations in central Poland, depending on the land use before the establishment of the plantations (arable land or fallow) and the age of the plantations. Moreover, the aim was also to check for the presence of invasive, medicinal, poisonous and melliferous species. The vegetation accompanying willow was identified based on an analysis of 60 phytosociological relevés performed using the Braun-Blanquet method. For each species, the following parameters were determined: the phytosociological class; family; geographical and historical group; apophyte origin; biological stability; life-form; and status as an invasive, medicinal (herbs), poisonous or melliferous species. The results were statistically processed. Segetal species accounted for 38% of the flora accompanying willow. The plantations on former arable land were richer in segetal species than those on fallow. Mostly, short-lived and native species dominated. In line with the age of the plantations, the number of segetal species decreased. The share of apophytes increased, and anthropophytes decreased. Furthermore, many valuable plants were found among the flora accompanying willow.

scholarly journals Topsoil Seed Bank as Feeding Ground for Farmland Birds: A Comparative Assessment in Agricultural Habitats

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 967
Author(s):  
Aikaterini Voudouri ◽  
Evgenia Chaideftou ◽  
Athanassios Sfougaris
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Farmland Birds ◽  
Polygonum Aviculare ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Southern Mediterranean ◽  
Agricultural Areas

The topsoil seed bank was studied in four types of agricultural bird habitats: fields with cereals, maize, clover and tilled fields of a Mediterranean plain to determine the potentially richest habitat based on food supply for the wintering farmland birds. The diversity and abundance of topsoil seeds differed between seasons but did not differ significantly between habitats. The cereal habitat was the richest in food supply for the overwintering of farmland birds. The topsoil seed bank was dominated by Chenopodium album, Polygonum aviculare and Amaranthus retroflexus. The findings of this study provide insight for low-intensity management of higher-elevation mount agricultural areas of southern Mediterranean by preserving seed-rich habitats for farmland avifauna.

scholarly journals Experimentation of grapevine cultivation in organic system, on five different Romanian vineyards

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Aurora Maria Ranca ◽  
Victoria Artem ◽  
Ionica Dina ◽  
Liliana Parcalabu ◽  
Maria Iliescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Lobesia Botrana ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Polygonum Aviculare

In five Romanian vineyards, in 2013-2014 period was experimented organic system growing on  grape varieties for wine representative for each area, here are applied organic growing technology in parallel with the conventional (control). White varieties studied are: Chardonnay (Murfatlar and Valea Calugareasca), Sauvignon blanc and Muscat Ottonel(Tarnave), Feteasca regala (Tarnave, Bujoru and Copou-Iasi). Red varieties are Cabernet Sauvignon (Murfatlar and Valea Calugareasca) and Merlot (Bujoru).Concerning evolution of main climatic factors for the years 2013-2014 it is show that the annual average air temperature increase compared with the average of the years 1991-2010; is observed an increasing in mean annual temperature, mean temperature during the growing season and the value of sum of sunshine hours. The water regime was kept constant, registering values close to the annual average, both during the growing season and at entire year. The weeds spectrum is represented both by dicotyledonous as knotweed (Polygonum aviculare), Veronica (Stellaria media), news (Amaranthus retroflexus), bindweed (Convolvurus arvensis) and monocotyledonous as grass thick (Cynodon dactylon).Concerning the phytosanitary status, at Murfatlar were registered problems with oidium attack, with all main disease at Dealu Mare and with downy mildew at Bujoru. In all areas the pest has been found are: grape mouth (Lobesia botrana) and spiders (Tetranichus sp.). Schemes of treatments focused generally on substances bassed on copper and sulfur to combat diseases and for pests have been used pheromonal traps or other certified organic products.The grapes harvest was lower in organic plots with till 25%; their quality being close at both growing variants.

The herbicide effect for controlling the weeds in wheat field

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (01) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
Azzaya T ◽  
Otgonsuren M
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Wheat Field ◽  
Polygonum Convolvulus ◽  
Vicia Cracca ◽  
Agropyron Repens

Of all reported distributions of weeds of 19 species belonging to 15 genera of 10 families in the wheat planted fields Tsagaannuur soum of Selenge aimag, annuals account for 57.9%, biennials for 10.5% and perennials for 31.5%. The use of herbicide Trimexa, Cliomex 300, Cliodmex plus and Trimexa + Cliodimex plus express for controlling both grassy and dicotyledonous weeds has Agropyron repens L, Panicium miliaceum L, Eragrostis minor Host, Amaranthus retroflexus L, Artemisia sieversiana Willd, Cannabis ruderalis Janisch, Chenopodium album L, Chenopodium aristatum L, Chenopodium acuminatum Willd, Convolvulus arvensis L, Convolvulus gortschakovii Schrenk, Erodium stephanianum Willd, Polygonum  convolvulus L, Geranium  siviricum L, Salsola collina (Pall), Salsola australis R.Br, Noneo pulla L, Malva mohileviensis Downer, Vicia cracca L. 84.4-90.9% technical effectiveness.

scholarly journals Plant occurrence on burning coal waste – a case study from the Katowice-Wełnowiec dump, Poland

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Ciesielczuk ◽  
Andrzej Czylok ◽  
Monika J. Fabiańska ◽  
Magdalena Misz-Kennan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Coal Waste ◽  
Waste Dumps ◽  
Burning Coal ◽  
Rubbish Dump ◽  
Sonchus Arvensis

AbstractCoal-waste dumps superimposed on former rubbish dump frequently undergo selfheating and selfignition of organic matter dispersed in the waste. The special conditions for plant growth generated as a result have been investigated since 2008 on the municipal dump reclaimed with coal wastes in Katowice-Wełnowiec, Poland. The plants observed most frequently where heating has occurred are Sisymbrium loeselii, Artemisia vulgaris, Sonchus arvensis, Chenopodium album, Achillea millefolium, Cirsium arvense, Amaranthus retroflexus, Atriplex nitens and Solanum nigrum. Some new, rare species such as Portulaca oleracea, first noticed in 2011, may be added. Most of encroaching species are annual, alien archeophytes and neophytes. Native species are mainly perennials. The majority of these species show a tendency to form specimens of huge size (gigantism). The abundance of emitted CO2 and nitrogen compounds is the likely cause of this. Additionally, the plants growing there are not attacked by insects. The heating of the ground liquidates the natural seed bank. After cooling, these places are seeded by species providing seeds at that very moment (pioneer species). Heated places on the dumps allow plant growth even in the middle of winter. As the seasonal vegetation cycle is disturbed, plants may be found seeding, blooming and fruiting at the same time.

scholarly journals Medicinal plants in segetal communities of the Kałuszyńska Upland

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Teresa Skrajna
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Anthemis Arvensis ◽  
Segetal Communities

Medicinal plants in segetal communities of the Kałuszyńska Upland The herbal flora of agrocenoses of the Kałuszyńska Upland includes 137 vascular plant species. Apophytes (91species-66,4%) prevail over anthropophytes (46 species-33,6 %). Meadow (32 species), waterside (20 species) and forest apophytes (17 species) were the most numerous. Short-lived plants (71 species) prevail over perennials (66 species) in the analysed flora. Therophytes (65 species) and hemicryptophytes (48 species) were the dominant life forms. Very rare, rare and quite rare species were the most frequent in the flora of the Kałuszyńska Upland. They build up over 63% of the total number of species. The share of common and very common species was about 8%. Some of them, e.g, Equisetum arvense, Chenopodium album, Viola arvensis, Anthemis arvensis, Centaurea cyanus, Cirsium arvense, Elymus repens Convolvulus arvensis, Capsella bursapastoris and Stellaria media were noted with a high ground cover. The occurrence of species rare in the region and in Poland among recorded medicinal plants, e.g., Camelina microcarpa sp. sylvestris, Hypericum humifusum, Consolida regalis, Asperugo procumbens and Herniaria glabra is especially noteworthy.

scholarly journals Weed Control in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) with Soil-applied Herbicides Affected by a Prolonged and Limited rainfall

Poljoprivreda ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Zvonko Pacanoski ◽  
◽  
Arben Mehmeti ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Polygonum Aviculare ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Solanum Nigrum L

The field trials were carried out in the Bitola and Titov Veles regions during two sunflower growing seasons (2018 and 2019) to estimate a weed control in sunflower with the soil‒applied herbicides, influenced by a prolonged and limited rainfall. Polygonum aviculare L., Solanum nigrum L., Chenopodium album L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Portulaca oleracea L., and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. were the most dominant weeds in both regions. The efficacy of PRE-em herbicides varied among the weed species, treatments, periods of efficacy estimation, regions, and years. The overall performances of the PRE-em herbicides were correlated with weather and soil conditions. The inconsistent weather patterns between the two years of the study likely influenced the weed control. All weeds in 2018 in the Bitola region were poorly controlled (<77% and <62%, 28 and 56 days after application, respectively) due to a higher amount of rainfall (57 mm) during the 10 days of the 1st decade after herbicide application. The herbicide efficacy has only produced a marginal control of weeds in 2019 in the Titov Veles region as well (<68% and <59%, 28 and 56 days after application, respectively), due to the drought conditions observed in this region in early spring and in mid-spring. A PREem application followed by a heavy rainfall resulted in a sunflower injury in the Bitola region in 2018, ranging from 9 to 28% across the PRE-em treatments seven days after emergence. The injuries by oxyfluorfen and dimethenamid-P were more serious (24 and 28%, respectively). The sunflower achene yields for each treatment in both regions generally reflected an overall weed control and crop injury.

scholarly journals Segetal flora of cereal crop agrocenoses in the Suwałki Landscape Park

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Marta Matusiewicz ◽  
Helena Kubicka - Matusiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Cereal Crop ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Erodium Cicutarium ◽  
Polygonum Lapathifolium ◽  
Park Area ◽  
Myosotis Arvensis ◽  
Anchusa Officinalis ◽  
Segetal Flora

Abstract Segetal flora of cereal crop agrocenoses in the Suwałki Landscape Park was studied in between the years 2012 and 2013. One hundred phytosociological Braun-Blanquet releves were taken, documenting the occurrence of 152 species of vascular plants that represented 29 botanic families. Analysis of the contributions of geographic-historical groups revealed the dominance of the native species, apophytes (87 species, making 57.2%), over anthropophytes (65 species, 42.8%). The number of short-lived species was twice greater (103 species, 67.8%) than the perennial ones (49 species, 32.2%). As regards the lifeforms, the therophytes were dominant (96 species, 63.2%) over hemicryptophytes (44 species, 28.9%) and geophytes (12 species, 7.9%). Among the species of segetal flora in the area studied, 23 valuable species classified to different categories of protection, were identified. The presence of Consolida regalis, Centaurea cyanus and Bromus secalinus, belonging to threatened species in other regions of Poland, was abundant. Also the species: Anthemis tinctoria, Echium vulgare and Anchusa officinalis were met with high frequency. The species: Agrostemma githago, Papaver argemone and Papaver dubium were represented by single plants, which can suggest their dying out. In the Park area, expansive species, threatening the biodiversity, such as Myosotis arvensis, Viola arvensis, Galeopsis tetraehit, Stellaria media, Artemisia vulgaris, Galinsoga parviflora, Elymus repens, Capsella bursa pastoris, Erodium cicutarium, Chamomilla recutita, Matricaria maritima subsp. inodora, Convolvulus arvensis, Polygonum persicaria, Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. pallidum and Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. lapathifolium, were commonly seen in the crop land.

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