scholarly journals Diversity of Segetal Flora in Salix viminalis L. Crops Established on Former Arable and Fallow Lands in Central Poland

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Maria Janicka ◽  
Aneta Kutkowska ◽  
Jakub Paderewski
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Salix Viminalis ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
Fallow Lands ◽  
Historical Group ◽  
Phytosociological Relevés ◽  
Segetal Flora

The flora of willow (Salix viminalis L.) plantations consists of various plant groups, including plants related to arable land, called segetal plants. Knowledge of this flora is important for maintaining biodiversity in agroecosystems. The aim of the study was to assess the segetal flora of the willow plantations in central Poland, depending on the land use before the establishment of the plantations (arable land or fallow) and the age of the plantations. Moreover, the aim was also to check for the presence of invasive, medicinal, poisonous and melliferous species. The vegetation accompanying willow was identified based on an analysis of 60 phytosociological relevés performed using the Braun-Blanquet method. For each species, the following parameters were determined: the phytosociological class; family; geographical and historical group; apophyte origin; biological stability; life-form; and status as an invasive, medicinal (herbs), poisonous or melliferous species. The results were statistically processed. Segetal species accounted for 38% of the flora accompanying willow. The plantations on former arable land were richer in segetal species than those on fallow. Mostly, short-lived and native species dominated. In line with the age of the plantations, the number of segetal species decreased. The share of apophytes increased, and anthropophytes decreased. Furthermore, many valuable plants were found among the flora accompanying willow.

scholarly journals Segetal flora of the Wigry National Park

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Skrajna ◽  
Helena Kubicka
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Protected Species ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Phytosociological Relevés ◽  
Centaurium Erythraea ◽  
Segetal Flora

Segetal flora of the Wigry National Park (Poland) was studied in the period 2008-2010 within an area occupied by 33 villages. The analysis was based on 195 phytosociological relevés taken in fields of cereal crops, root plants and in stubble fields. The total number of species recorded in agrocenoses was 181 and they represented 36 botanical families. The most numerous families were Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Brasicaceae. The segetal flora of the Wigry National Park included mostly native species of apophytes (53.6%) that predominated over anthropophytes. Among apophytes, meadow apophytes (35 species) and those from waterside habitats (26 species) were noted most often, archaeophytes (74 species) were predominant among anthropophytes, while epecophytes (9 species) and ergasiophytes (1 species) were much less abundant. Among the life forms analysed, therophytes (61.9%) predominated over hemicryptophytes (27.1%) and geophytes (11%). The number of short-lived species in the flora of this Park was much greater (68.5%) than that of perennial ones (31.5%). The flora of the Park included 31 rare species classified in different categories of threat. Among them, <i>Centaurium pulchellum</i> and <i>Centaurium erythraea</i> belong to fully protected species (Dz.U. (Polish Journal of Laws) 2004 No. 168, item 1764).

scholarly journals Synanthropic Orchard Flora in West Mazovia – Central Poland

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Lisek
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Conyza Canadensis ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Polygonum Aviculare ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Phytosociological Relevés

Abstract Research on synanthropic flora was conducted in the orchards of central Poland (near Skierniewice, Łowicz and Grójec). In the 2007-2010 time period, 390 phytosociological releves were taken, which included herbicide fallow under trees, swarm of inter-rows, tillage places, trodden and rutty places, roadsides, boundary stripes and drainage ditches. In the examined orchards the occurrence of 186 species belonging to 39 botanical families was noted. The most numerously represented were: Asteraceae (21%), Poaceae (15%), Brassicacea (8%) and Fabaceae (7%). In the examined orchards, 60% of the found species occurred occasionally or rarely. Those species which were found at the 15% level were: Equisetum arvense, Polygonum aviculare, Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retroflexus, Stellaria media, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Convolvulus arvensis, Viola arvensis, Epilobium adenocaulon, Conyza canadensis, Taraxacum officinale, Poa annua, and Echinochloa crus-galli. All of these species which occurred at the 15% level were most frequently noted in the herbicide fallow and were recognised as the most significant orchard weeds. The most numerous group in the examined orchards was made up of the therophytes (50%), which predominated over hemicryptophytes (31%) and geophytes (10%). Apophytes - native species (59%) predominated over archeophytes (33%) and kenophytes (8%). Within the vascular flora of the examined orchards, those which were predominant were the segetal species (26%), ruderal species (21%) and meadow species (19%).

scholarly journals Segetal flora of the Łuków Plain

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zofia Rzymowska ◽  
Teresa Skrajna
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Arable Fields ◽  
The Common ◽  
High Share ◽  
Meadow Species ◽  
Segetal Flora

The aim of the study was to characterize and analyze the segetal flora of the Łuków Plain. The study was carried out from 2003 to 2006 in 182 towns and villages. Vascular flora of the arable fields in the area under study consists of 305 species belonging to 39 families and 168 genera. The analysed flora is characterised by the prevalence of native species (64.6%) over alien species (35.4%). Archaeophytes dominate among anthropophytes, whereas meadow species are the most frequent in the group of apophytes. Annuals and biennials show a slight prevalence over perennials. The analysis of the life-form categories shows the dominance of therophytes (52.8%) as well as a relatively high share of hemicryptophytes (34.4%) and geophytes (12.5%). In the analysed flora, rare and very rare species constitute a vast majority (61.7%), whereas the common and very common species reach 13.1%.

Effects of a long-term fire retardant chemical (Fire-Trol 934) on seed viability and germination of plants growing in a burned Mediterranean area

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belén Luna ◽  
José M. Moreno ◽  
Alberto Cruz ◽  
Federico Fernández-González
Keyword(s):  
Life Form ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Progressive Decrease ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
Distribution Ranges ◽  
High Concentrations

This work documents the effect of a common, long-term fire retardant chemical, Fire-Trol 934, on seed viability and germination of 36 plant species growing in a burned Mediterranean area, covering different life-form types, regenerative strategies and distribution ranges. Seeds were subjected to four treatments: control, and application of Fire-Trol 934 at concentrations of 0.02, 0.2 and 2%. Fire-Trol 934 significantly decreased both seed viability and germination in the group of species studied, which suggests that Fire-Trol 934 may be toxic for seeds, at least when applied at high concentrations. Whereas seed viability generally showed a progressive decrease with increased Fire-Trol 934 concentration, germination percentages generally increased when intermediate Fire-Trol 934 concentrations were used, but tended to be drastically reduced when seeds were exposed to the highest (2%) concentration. The reduction observed in germination at the highest Fire-Trol 934 concentration was greater than that observed in viability, which suggests that the effect of Fire-Trol 934 on seeds may not be lasting. Little differences in the response to Fire-Trol 934 emerged among plant groups, all of which followed the general tendency described above.

Plant diversity of Ghorkhod Protected Area, NE Iran

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 249 (1) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
FARSHID MEMARIANI ◽  
MOHAMMAD REZA JOHARCHI ◽  
HOSSEIN AKHANI
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Transitional Zone ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Ne Iran

Ghorkhod Protected Area (GPA) is located in a transitional zone among different biogeographical units in North Khorassan Province, NE Iran. The study area is mainly a mountainous region in western extensions of Khorassan-Kopet Dagh floristic province. We investigated the floristic composition, life form spectrum and phytogeography of the study area through several random collection efforts and 200 vegetation samples (reléves) in selected vegetation types during 2007–2012. A total of 663 vascular plant species belonging to 367 genera and 81 families are recorded as native and naturalized in GPA. Angiosperms and Dicots are among the most diverse plant groups. The richest plant families are Asteraceae (88 species), Poaceae (78), Lamiaceae (45), Brassicaceae (43), Fabaceae (38), and Caryophyllaceae (32). The genera Allium L. (17 species), Astragalus L. (15) and Cousinia Cass. (12) are the richest ones, however, the majority of the species belongs to oligotypic and monotypic genera. Life form spectrum of the study area is dominated by hemicryptophytes (38.9%) and therophytes (23.4%). Allium transvestiens Vved., Agropyron desertorum Schult., Helictotrichon turcomanicum Czopanov and Piptatherum latifolium (Roshev.) Nevski are recorded as new to Iran. The core flora of the area has the Irano-Turanian origin. However, the wide-range and widespread elements are also well represented in the study area. GPA is inhabited by several endemic, rare and narrow-range plant species, indicating the biodiversity importance of the study area in NE Iran.

scholarly journals The danger of the spread dangerous quarantine weed — giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida L.)

2018 ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
O. Marieva ◽  
O. Zhuiboroda
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
The State ◽  
Natural Vegetation ◽  
Ambrosia Trifida ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Agricultural Equipment ◽  
Giant Ragweed

The expansion of trade and economic relations with other countries increased the risk of importing new invasive types of weeds into the state. One of them is a serious danger weed — giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida L.). This weed with high speed and aggressiveness inhabits and displacing native species in agricultural and non-arable land, including landscapes of big cities. A. trifida extends to non-arable lands with disturbed natural vegetation. This species is spreading through the contamination of seeds and agricultural equipment. It damaged soybeans, legumes and corn, as well as other grain crops. Increasing of this weed pollen in the air is a source of a massive disease with allergies. At present, there is danger of entry by this weed to Ukraine from neighboring countries.

The Dynamics of the Reduction of Arable Land Areas According to their Long-term Monitoring in the Tomsk Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
A.V. Zakharchenko ◽  
O.A. Pasko ◽  
I.B. Sorokin
Keyword(s):  
Humus Horizon ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Mobile Phosphorus ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter ◽  
Tomsk Region ◽  
Fallow Lands ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Term Monitoring

The results of agroecological monitoring of arable and fallow lands are considered. It has been established that the content of humus and mobile phosphorus in the soils of the fallow, as well as the value of the salt pH, is lower than on arable land; mobile potassium is higher. This may be due to the migration of deposited potassium from the lower soil horizons into the humus horizon and its release from the absorbed state during the decomposition of organic matter. It was revealed that in fallow soils, the content of mobile phosphorus in the range of 150–600 mg/kg directly correlates with the value of salt pH (4–6 pH units), while this dependence is not observed on arable land.

scholarly journals Productivity and chemical composition of wood tissues of short rotation willow coppice cultivated on arable land

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 413-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Szczukowski ◽  
J. Tworkowski ◽  
A. Klasa ◽  
M. Stolarski
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Salix Viminalis ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Cutting Frequency ◽  
Heat Value ◽  
One Year

In the period 1996&ndash;1999 field trial was performed in Obory near Kwidzyn on heavy textured Fluvisols. The experiment was aimed to determine yield, chemical composition, heat value of wood of six genotypes of willow coppice in relation to cutting frequency and on determining the costs and profitability of willow production on arable land for purposes of energy generation. Yield of wood dry matter in one-year cutting cycle amounted to 14.09 t/ha/year 1&nbsp;and significantly increased to 16.05 and 21.55 t/ha/year when harvesting was performed in two and three years cycle, respectively. The highest yield was found for Salix viminalis 082 form cut in three years cycle and it amounted to 26.44 t/ha/year 1. Stems of Salix sp. cut every three years showed the lowest water content (46.05%), high heat value 19.56 MJ/kg&nbsp;dry matter and the highest content of cellulose (55.94%), lignins (13.79%) and hemicelluloses (13.96%). High yielding potential of Salix sp. and high content of cellulose and lignin in wood make this crop very prosperous as a&nbsp;feedstock for bioenergy production. The highest profit from the willow plantation was obtained in case of harvest every three years at 578.76 EUR/ha/year.

scholarly journals Widespread co-occurrence of multiple ploidy levels in fragile ferns (Cystopteris fragilis complex; Cystopteridaceae) probably stems from similar ecology of cytotypes, their efficient dispersal and inter-ploidy hybridization

2018 ◽  
Vol 123 (5) ◽  
pp. 845-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristýna Hanušová ◽  
Martin Čertner ◽  
Tomáš Urfus ◽  
Petr Koutecký ◽  
Jiří Košnar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Dna Ploidy ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Limited Effect ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
High Ploidy ◽  
Cytotype Distribution

Abstract Background and Aims Polyploidy has played an important role in the evolution of ferns. However, the dearth of data on cytotype diversity, cytotype distribution patterns and ecology in ferns is striking in comparison with angiosperms and prevents an assessment of whether cytotype coexistence and its mechanisms show similar patterns in both plant groups. Here, an attempt to fill this gap was made using the ploidy-variable and widely distributed Cystopteris fragilis complex. Methods Flow cytometry was used to assess DNA ploidy level and monoploid genome size (Cx value) of 5518 C. fragilis individuals from 449 populations collected over most of the species’ global distributional range, supplemented with data from 405 individuals representing other related species from the complex. Ecological preferences of C. fragilis tetraploids and hexaploids were compared using field-recorded parameters and database-extracted climate data. Key Results Altogether, five different ploidy levels (2x, 4x, 5x, 6x, 8x) were detected and three species exhibited intraspecific ploidy-level variation: C. fragilis, C. alpina and C. diaphana. Two predominant C. fragilis cytotypes, tetraploids and hexaploids, co-occur over most of Europe in a diffuse, mosaic-like pattern. Within this contact zone, 40 % of populations were mixed-ploidy and most also contained pentaploid hybrids. Environmental conditions had only a limited effect on the distribution of cytotypes. Differences were found in the Cx value of tetraploids and hexaploids: between-cytotype divergence was higher in uniform-ploidy than in mixed-ploidy populations. Conclusions High ploidy-level diversity and widespread cytotype coexistence in the C. fragilis complex match the well-documented patterns in some angiosperms. While ploidy coexistence in C. fragilis is not driven by environmental factors, it could be facilitated by the perennial life-form of the species, its reproductive modes and efficient wind dispersal of spores. Independent origins of hexaploids and/or inter-ploidy gene flow may be expected in mixed-ploidy populations according to Cx value comparisons.

Grasses of the Precambrian Shield region in eastern lowland Bolivia. II. Life-form and C3–C4 photosynthetic types

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Killeen ◽  
Paul N. Hinz
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Campo Rupestre ◽  
Granite Outcrops ◽  
Bunch Grass

ABSTRACTA life-form classification from Neotropical Gramineae is proposed for 113 native species from eastern lowland Bolivia. A factor analysis was performed on a correlation matrix of 51 vegetative attributes to identify ‘character suites,’ which were then used as the basis for the classification. The principal types are arboreal, liana, shrub-like, forb-like, bunch grass with basal foliage, bunch grass with basal and caulescent foliage, caespitose annuals, elongate rhizomes, turf grass, stoloniferous, and decumbent (the last category is further divided into subgroups: -perennial, -indefinite, -floating aquatic, and -vine-like). A key component of the life-form classification is the morphology of leaf blades, with five major patterns recognized: elongate and inrolled, elongate and conduplicate, elongate and flat with an attenuate base, short and broad with an amplexicaule base, and short and broad with a pseudopetiole.The distribution and relative abundance of three major photosynthetic categories were compared with life-form and habitat preference. Photosynthetic type of individual species was identified based on leaf anatomy. C4-(XyMS −) species predominated in cerradao, cerrado, campo rupestre, valleyside campos, and seasonally inundated savanna, as well as on granite outcrops. C4-(XyMS + ) species were relatively rare in all habitats, but were significantly more abundant in the xeric microenvironments of granite outcrops. C3 species predominated in semi-deciduous forest and increased in relative abundance in wetland habitats. Caespitose annuals and bunch grass species were predominantly C4 type, while arboreal and liana species were uniformly C3 type. Grasses classified as decumbent or shrub-like were predominantly C3 type, while rhizomatous, stoloniferous, and forblike grasses were a mixture of C3 and C4 type.The intent of the study was to group morphological characteristics objectively in order to derive a life-form classification specific for the Gramineae. Comparisons of the relative abundance of the various life-forms in a broad range of habitat types provide a descriptive assessment of the adaptive value of these characteristics.

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