The Civilian Side of Peacekeeping: New Research Avenues

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Otto
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
Un Peacekeeping ◽  
Data Limitations ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
New Research ◽  
Human Rights Standards ◽  
Systematic Knowledge

AbstractAlmost three decades ago the United Nations (UN) entered an era of multi-dimensional peacekeeping operations, in which civilian and uniformed personnel work together. At the same time, human rights promotion became an integral part of such missions. Due to data limitations, there is little systematic knowledge about how civilian staff impacts human rights standards in the countries UN peacekeeping operations are deployed. I address this lacuna in two ways. First, I briefly outline the importance of civilian staff in UN peacekeeping operations and their roles in promoting human rights. Second, I provide explorative descriptive statistics on the number of civilian personnel in UN peacekeeping operations and the occurrence of violence against civilians committed by state forces.

UN Peacekeeping Operations and Successful Military Diplomacy: A Case Study of Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bakare Najimdeen
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Security Council ◽  
United Nations Security Council ◽  
Policy Objective ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
Un Peacekeeping ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Peacekeeping Missions ◽  
Military Diplomacy

Few years following its creation, the United Nations (UN) with the blessing of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) decided to establish the UN Peacekeeping Operations (UNPKO), as a multilateral mechanism geared at fulfilling the Chapter VII of the UN Charter which empowered the Security Council to enforce measurement to maintain or restore international peace and security. Since its creation, the multilateral mechanism has recorded several successes and failures to its credit. While it is essentially not like traditional diplomacy, peacekeeping operations have evolved over the years and have emerged as a new form of diplomacy. Besides, theoretically underscoring the differences between diplomacy and foreign policy, which often appear as conflated, the paper demonstrates how diplomacy is an expression of foreign policy. Meanwhile, putting in context the change and transformation in global politics, particularly global conflict, the paper argues that traditional diplomacy has ceased to be the preoccupation and exclusive business of the foreign ministry and career diplomats, it now involves foot soldiers who are not necessarily diplomats but act as diplomats in terms of peacekeeping, negotiating between warring parties, carrying their countries’ emblems and representing the latter in resolving global conflict, and increasingly becoming the representation of their countries’ foreign policy objective, hence peacekeeping military diplomacy. The paper uses decades of Pakistan’s peacekeeping missions as a reference point to establish how a nation’s peacekeeping efforts represent and qualifies as military diplomacy. It also presented the lessons and good practices Pakistan can sell to the rest of the world vis-à-vis peacekeeping and lastly how well Pakistan can consolidate its peacekeeping diplomacy.

UN Peacekeeping Operations: Applicability of International Humanitarian Law and Responsibility for Operations-Related Damage

2000 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 406-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphna Shraga
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
Geneva Conventions ◽  
Un Peacekeeping ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
First Time

In the five decades that followed the Korea operation, where for the first time the United Nations commander agreed, at the request of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), to abide by the humanitarian provisions of the Geneva Conventions, few UN operations lent themselves to the applicability of international humanitarian law

The United Nations and Human Rights

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 17-34
Author(s):  
Gudmundur Alfredsson
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
Governmental Organization ◽  
Fundamental Freedoms ◽  
International Human ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Human Rights Standards ◽  
Rights Issues

International cooperation for the promotion and encouragement of human rights and fundamental freedoms is one of the very purposes of the United Nations, according to article 1 of the Organization's Charter. The mandate is clear. In order to live up to this purpose, much work has been undertaken by establishing international human rights standards and by encouraging and persuading states to comply with these same standards.This presentation, by way of an overview, briefly describes the international human rights instruments and the classification and contents of the standards contained therein. The methods employed by the United Nations and non-governmental organization (NGOs) for the realization of the standards are also outlined, including monitoring procedures, technical assistance and other activities concerned with the protection and promotion of human rights. Finally, the presentation identifies UN institutions where human rights issues and procedures are debated and decided upon.

Deeming Laws and Practices as Violations of the Rights of People With Work-Acquired Disabilities in Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 536-544
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Hilgert ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
General Meeting ◽  
Injured Worker ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Work Related ◽  
International Labor ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Human Rights Standards

The Ontario Network of Injured Workers’ Groups in Canada is leading a multiyear campaign called Workers’ Comp is a Right to reform the provincial workers’ injury compensation system and to fight back against regressive changes made to the system over several decades. At their Annual General Meeting in Toronto held in June 2019, delegates voted unanimously to make this submission to the United Nations Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities as a part of the regular supervisory process under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The subject is income deeming “phantom jobs” to injured worker claimants with income replacement benefits. The document illustrates how Canadian injured worker groups have activated a human rights lens and references international labor and human rights standards concerning social insurance and income replacement benefits for work-related injury and illness.

The protection of civilians mandate in UN peacekeeping operations: reconciling protection concepts and practices

2013 ◽  
Vol 95 (891-892) ◽  
pp. 517-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haidi Willmot ◽  
Scott Sheeran
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Relations ◽  
United Nations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Physical Protection ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
Un Peacekeeping ◽  
The Common

AbstractThe ‘protection of civilians’ mandate in United Nations (UN) peacekeeping operations fulfils a critical role in realising broader protection objectives, which have in recent years become an important focus of international relations and international law. The concepts of the ‘protection of civilians’ constructed by the humanitarian, human rights and peacekeeping communities have evolved somewhat separately, resulting in disparate understandings of the associated normative bases, substance and responsibilities. If UN peacekeepers are to effectively provide physical protection to civilians under threat of violence, it is necessary to untangle this conceptual and normative confusion. The practical expectations of the use of force to protect civilians must be clear, and an overarching framework is needed to facilitate the spectrum of actors working in a complementary way towards the common objectives of the broader protection agenda.

scholarly journals The value of the United Nations in resolving problems of the rule of law in conflict States

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
N I Kostenko
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
Sustainable Peace ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
The United Nations

In this paper, the author tries to analyze the main extracted from the work of the United Nations according to the rule of law in the States for the last fifteen years. The analysis shows that the rule of law and the approval of the rule of law in the States for the last fifteen years of experience - is fundamental to sustainable peace after conflict, for the effective protection of human rights. Keywords: problems of justice, the rule of law, the rule of law, peacekeeping operations, the UN standards.

The Protection of Peacekeepers

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 257-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh M. Kindred
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
Human Rights Treaties ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
United Nations Peacekeeping ◽  
Hostile Environments

SummaryIn light of the increased risks nowadays faced by much greater numbers of peacekeepers in hostile environments, the author surveys the legal sources for their safety and protection. The article first describes the kinds of personnel that may be engaged in peacekeeping operations before exploring the legal rights of protection that attach to each of them. It shows that many conventions, especially those relating to immunities of United Nations personnel as well as humanitarian and human rights treaties, contain general provisions that may be interpreted to include peacekeepers, but that none are aimed directly at thdr problems and protection. None, that is, until the United Nations adopted the Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel in the fall of 1994. When that Convention comes into force, it will impose affirmative duties on states to ensure the safety and security of peacekeepers and will apply criminal sanctions against individuals who attack them or their property. The article concludes that the new convention casts a wide net of protection over peacekeepers but suffers from two significant lacunae. It will not cover peacekeepers who are combatants (and the criteria for that characterization are unclear) or personnel engaged in non-United Nations peacekeeping operations.

The Power of Article 103 of the un Charter on Treaty Obligations

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 111-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophocles Kitharidis
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
United Nations ◽  
United Nations Security Council ◽  
International Treaty ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
State Practice ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Understanding Article 103 of the Charter of the United Nations (un Charter) has proven to be complex and controversial. This provision stipulates that in the event of a conflict, the obligations imposed on un Member States under the un Charter prevail over international treaty obligations. Difficulties arise when state parties must determine whether to construe the provision as applying narrowly only to express Charter obligations, or more widely to obligations generated by Charter bodies such as the United Nations Security Council (unsc). Within the context of un peacekeeping operations, such operations are mandated by the unsc. Emphasizing on the respect of the relationship between the unsc and the un Charter, Article 25 serves as a specific legal basis for the unsc’s obligations to respect the provisions of the un Charter by developing intra vires decisions which are consistent with Charter obligations. State practice therefore presupposes that priority for unsc resolutions over treaty obligations is provided by Article 103. This article will first analyse Article 103 and in doing so, it will examine the obligations that the unsc can impose on states. This will include a consideration of when unsc mandated peacekeeping operations can, by their nature, contravene international human rights treaty obligations. It will then discuss the impact on peacekeeping operations on the presumption of complying with human rights obligations, including the right to life, freedom from torture and the right to liberty and security. Finally, this article will offer a critique of the capacity of Article 103 to override human rights obligations through the unsc interpretation of ‘all means necessary’ in peacekeeping operations.

Partnerships in un Peacekeeping

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina Grenfell
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
African Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Regional Organizations ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
Un Peacekeeping ◽  
Working Together ◽  
The United Nations

The United Nations is increasingly working together in partnership with regional organizations, in particular the African Union and the European Union, to carry out tasks related to the maintenance of international peace and security. As more attention is paid to the comparative advantages of working together with partners in the field of peacekeeping operations, and these partnerships become increasingly integrated and coordinated to meet the needs on the ground, questions arise as to how the United Nations and its partners deal with issues of responsibility in connection with the conduct of these operations. This article examines the policy and practice of the United Nations regarding the use of partnerships in peacekeeping operations, including the legal framework that applies in respect of issues of responsibility. It concludes with some general observations regarding the challenges of addressing responsibility in this context.

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