scholarly journals The Use Of Standardized Indicators (SPI And SPEI) In Predicting Droughts Over The Republic Of Moldova Territory

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-158
Author(s):  
M. Nedealcov ◽  
V. Răileanu ◽  
R. Sîrbu ◽  
R. Cojocari
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Temporal Estimation ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Calculation Software

Abstract The drought events frequent manifestation over the Republic of Moldova territory, in the context of climate change requires a scientific monitoring adjusted to international researchers. In recent years, internationally, the estimation of this phenomenon occurs through standardized indexes. The most used of these, being the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). Since there is no a unified definition of drought, the World Meteorological Organization proposes to calculate the indexes, through developed calculation software. Thus, based on multi-annual data (1980-2014) a regional spatio-temporal estimation concerning drought in the Republic of Moldova was performed, thereby realizing the regional investigations framing in the international ones.

scholarly journals Assessing the changes in drought conditions during summer in the Republic of Moldova based on RegCM simulations

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Potop ◽  
Constanta Boroneant ◽  
Mihaela Caian
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Precipitation Index ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Data ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Monthly Precipitation Data

We assess the changes in drought conditions during summer in the Republic of Moldova based on the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) calculated from monthly precipitation data simulated by the regional climatic model RegCM3. The RegCM simulations were conducted at a horizontal resolution of 10 km in the framework of EU-FP6 project -CECILIA. The domain was centered over Romania at 46°N, 25°E and included the Republic of Moldova.

Marketing Substantiation of Efficiency of Product Policy of Medium-Sized Wineries in the Republic of Moldova

2019 ◽  
pp. 93-110
Author(s):  
Svetlana Ghenova
Keyword(s):  
Key Management ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Business Climate ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Product Policy ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Effective Product

This chapter is devoted to revealing the importance and definition of the logical relationship of components related to an effective product policy of modern medium-size winery of the Republic of Moldova. The chapter presents a comparative analysis of modern marketing definitions of product policy of an enterprise. The purpose of the author is the research and marketing disclosure of the nature of the product policy as one of the key management tools of a modern winery. A structural model of the marketing product policy components has been developed. The approaches proposed for implementation in the Moldovan wineries would allow the analysis of the product policy effectiveness. The importance of the marketing substantiation of effective product policy in the activities of medium-sized wineries in socio-economic development of Moldova and their underutilized potential, an unfavorable business climate and the need for a substantial improvement in the product policy has determined the relevance of the research topic presented in the chapter.

scholarly journals CONFLICT OF INTERESTS: CONTENTS, PROCEDURE FOR PREVENTION AND SETTLEMENT

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Валентин Михайлов ◽  
Valentin Mikhaylov
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
State Sector ◽  
Conflict Of Interests ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Personal Interests

The author of the article reviews a definition of conflicts of interest which are used in such international legal acts as the Convention of the United Nations against corruption (2003), The Convention against bribery of foreign officials during implementation of international commercial transactions which was adopted by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (1997), as well as in the national legislation of the Russian Federationа and a number of other countries (The Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Moldova, the Kyrgyz Republic). Subject to analysis are the organizational and legal mechanisms aimed at preventing and settlement of conflict of interests, procedure of notification of personal interests which might give rise to the collision of interests both within the sphere of state sector and private sector alike. Along with it the author analyses the problems in the course of implementation of the respective legal machinery. Specifically, it relates to the moral aspects of prevention and settlement of the conflict of interests in view of deficiencies in the existing system of normative anti corrupt prohibitions, restrictions and obligations — all aimed to prevent all possible types of corruptive practices.

Assessing the spatio-temporal uncertainties in future meteorological droughts from CMIP5 models, emission scenarios and bias corrections

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-58
Author(s):  
Chuanhao Wu ◽  
Pat J.-F. Yeh ◽  
Jiali Ju ◽  
Yi-Ying Chen ◽  
Kai Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Circulation ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
Cmip5 Models ◽  
Northern Asia ◽  
Drought Characteristics ◽  
Uncertainty Sources ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Standardized Precipitation Index

AbstractDrought projections are accompanied with large uncertainties due to varying estimates of future warming scenarios from different modelling and forcing data. Using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), this study presents a global assessment of uncertainties in drought characteristics (severity S and frequency Df) projections based on the simulations of 28 general circulation models (GCMs) from the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). A hierarchical framework incorporating a variance–based global sensitivity analysis was developed to quantify the uncertainties in drought characteristics projections at various spatial (global and regional) and temporal (decadal and 30-yr) scales due to 28 GCMs, 3 Representative Concentration Pathway scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP8.5), and 2 bias-correction (BC) methods. The results indicated that the largest uncertainty contribution in the globally projected S and Df is from the GCM (>60%), followed by BC (<35%) and RCP (<16%). Spatially, BC reduces the spreads among GCMs particularly in Northern Hemisphere (NH), leading to smaller GCM uncertainty in NH than Southern Hemisphere (SH). In contrast, the BC and RCP uncertainties are larger in NH than SH, and the BC uncertainty can be larger than GCM uncertainty for some regions (e.g., southwest Asia). At the decadal and 30-yr timescales, the contributions for 3 uncertainty sources show larger variability in S than Df projections, especially in SH. The GCM and BC uncertainties show overall decreasing trends with time, while the RCP uncertainty is expected to increase over time and even can be larger than BC uncertainty for some regions (e.g., northern Asia) by the end of this century.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal drought analysis by the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) in Sichuan Province, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Changhong Liu ◽  
Cuiping Yang ◽  
Qi Yang ◽  
Jiao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Sichuan Province ◽  
Precipitation Index ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Linear Regression Method ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Drought Characteristics ◽  
The Standardized Precipitation Index

AbstractDrought refers to a meteorological disaster that causes insufficient soil moisture and damage to crop water balance due to long-term lack of precipitation. With the increasing shortage of water resources, drought has become one of the hot issues of global concern. The standardized precipitation index (SPI) and standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) can effectively reflect the changes in drought characteristics of different geomorphologies in Sichuan on time and space scales, to explore the difference in drought characteristics between different physiognomy types in Sichuan Province, We calculated the SPI and SPEI values based on the data of 44 meteorological stations in Sichuan Province from 1961 to 2019 and used Mann–Kendall trend test and multivariable linear regression method (MLR) to quantify the significance of the drought characteristic trends at different time and space scales. The results as follow: (1) The SPEI drought trend in plain and hilly regions was greater than that in plateau and mountain regions on all time scales (− 0.039 year−1 for 1-month in hilly, − 0.035 year−1 for 1-month in plain, − 0.14 year−1 for 1-month in plateau, − 0.026 year−1 for 1-month in mountain) and the magnitude of trend of eastern (− 4.4 to 0.1 year−1) was lager than western (− 2.1 to 2.7 year−1), means that the drought trends transfer from northwest to east. (2) The drought intensity in the western region gradually increased (0.54–1.05) and drought events mainly occurred in the southwest plateau and central mountainous regions (24–47 times), means that drought meteorological hotspots were mainly concentrated in the Sichuan basin. (3) The MLR indicated altitude (H) is not the main influencing factor that causes the spatial unevenness of precipitation in Sichuan Province, but altitude (H), temperature (T), longitude (Lo) and latitude (La) can co-determined the precipitation. The results of this study are instructive and practical for drought assessment, risk management and application decision-making in Sichuan Province, and have guiding significance for agricultural disaster prevention, mitigation and agricultural irrigation in Sichuan Province.

scholarly journals Drought Forecast Using Standardized Precipitation Index and Markov Chain in Iran

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Siasar ◽  
F Shahrdarazi ◽  
Saeed Shojaei
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chain ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Markov Chain Model ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Precipitation Index ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Planning And Management ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Standardized Precipitation Index

Drought is a natural disaster which occurs as a result of a lack of ambient humidity due to reduced rainfall compared to normal conditions. Successful planning and management of water in agriculture and proper use of water resources is subject to recognition of this disaster. As drought is inevitable, we can minimize its damages through monitoring and forecasting. It is therefore important to predict drought in the planning and management of water resources. In studying the status of drought in Saravan city, rain annual data of synoptic station in the period (1976-2015) and the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) in a twelve-month time scale have been used. Then the Markov chain model was used to calculate the probabilities of the balance of the periods of wet, dry, and normal in SPI. The results showed that the probability of balance in wet, dry, and normal periods in Saravan station is 80.2, 24.20, and 96.76 respectively. This means that the area is most of the time in normal conditions and the probability of draught is about 7 times bigger than rain.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal analysis of droughts in the Lake Chilwa Basin, Malawi

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Clement Kambombe ◽  
Cosmo Ngongondo ◽  
Levis Eneya ◽  
Maurice Monjerezi ◽  
Clement Boyce
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Enso Event ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Lake Chilwa ◽  
The Standardized Precipitation Index

Abstract Drought phenomena are attributed to water availability deficit that is caused by low precipitation. However, droughts are quite complex and cannot simply be defined on the basis of precipitation as other factors may have an influence. In this study, we investigated the spatio-temporal patterns of droughts in Lake Chilwa Basin, an endorheic lake basin that has recently experienced major recurrent lake recessions. The standardized precipitation index (SPI) and standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) at six- and twelve-month timescales were used to evaluate drought severity variations from 1970 to 2018, in relation to the recessions. The stationarity difference in rainfall between 1973 to 1995 and 1996 to 2018 and climatological trends were tested using Mann-Whitney and Mann-Kendall tests, respectively. The El Niño Southern Oscilation (ENSO) influence on rainfall was also investigated. In general, the results show a statistically insignificant decreasing rainfall trend, coupled with statistically significant temperature increase (a=0.05). In addition, both indices broadly detected droughts within similar category ranges and variation patterns, suggesting minimal influence of temperature on droughts compared to rainfall. The study also reveals that not every ENSO event leads to low rainfall in the basin. It is further shown that unlike past major recessions e.g., 1994/95, recent lake dry-ups of 2012 and 2015 were as a result of milder droughts. Moreover, the trigger threshold of lake dry-ups is shown to have shifted; such that average annual rainfall below 1000mm is likely to yield a dry-up in recent times than before, which may be attributable to anthropogenic pressure.

scholarly journals CYBERSECURITY AS A FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENT OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY

MEST Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
Alexandru Leahovcenco
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Cyber Threats ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

The development of the digital economy is inextricably linked to cybersecurity. The article discusses issues related to the definition of cybersecurity, its elements, and examines data on cyber-attacks. The analysis of the tightness of the relationship between the share of the digital economy in GDP and the GCI index using a correlation analysis is carried out in this article. The issues of cybersecurity in the Republic of Moldova are also discussed and ways to improve it are suggested. Currently, there have been significant changes in the structure of cyber threats. These changes are associated with discrete changes in the motives and tactics of cybercriminals. The reasons for enrichment contributed to the emergence of crypto miners. At the same time, there is a shift towards reducing the use of malware and complex infrastructure and moving to low-profile social engineering attacks. This article analyzes the situation in the

scholarly journals Criteria for Climate and Weather Related Risks Identification over the Republic of Moldova Territory

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
Maria Nedealcov
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Republic

Abstract The accelerating pace of climate change is associated to weather-climate related risks manifestations, which in recent years are becoming more intensive and more frequent. Unfortunately, we find that far at regional level there are no a basic scientific information which could highlight their specific spatio-temporal manifestation. In this context, criteria for several weather-related risks identification were quantified, the main ones being material damages, the number of casualties and victims and not the least - and the period they occur. The identified weather and climate related risks may be subject to a complex spatiotemporal analysis, having as a research tool - Geographic Information Systems.

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