scholarly journals Road accidents in the early days of the automotive industry

2015 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-176
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Goniewicz ◽  
Mariusz Goniewicz ◽  
Witold Pawłowski ◽  
Piotr Fiedor
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Death Toll ◽  
The World ◽  
Road Fatality

Abstract The first recorded road fatality happened over 140 years ago. Since then, road accidents have become one of the main causes of concern in almost every country in the world. Nowadays, fatal motor vehicle crashes occur at an interval of 50 seconds and injuries happen every two seconds. According to the WHO, the world road death toll is nearly 1.3 million and 20-50 million of people have been badly injured in road accidents and usually require long and expensive treatment. This paper looks at the issue of road accidents in the earliest days of the automotive industry. The article looks at the first laws, which were introduced to improve road safety. Virtually every member of society is somewhat affected by road transport. All traffic participants are at risk of an accident to a certain degree which is why reducing this risk should become a priority.

scholarly journals Safety and reliability of the personal bus carriages in integrated municipal system of traffic and public transport management - analysis of literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 246-251
Author(s):  
Paweł Woś ◽  
Jacek Michalski
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Safety And Reliability ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
The Eu

The article analyzes the city's logistics development strategies and its public transport, especially bus traffic. Statistical analysis of all road transport in the European Union (EU) has been carried out. The most important reasons for the tragic road accidents in Poland have been mixed up. Key elements of active safety and passive safety of buses and road safety were analyzed. Characterized key indicators of road safety in the EU and the probability of bus incidents. The impact on the ecology of the city of road transport was analyzed in terms of the significance of exhaust emissions of various bus designs and emissions of other pollutants.

scholarly journals Experimental research of vehicle traction properties for reconstruction of traffic accidents

2018 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 05005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Dudziak ◽  
Andrzej Lewandowski ◽  
Michał Śledziński
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cognitive Factor ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Full Reconstruction

In order to broaden the database of motor vehicle traction properties in unusual conditions, the research team has performed experimental studies: on wet and snow-covered surfaces. Tests of vehicles equipped with winter tyres with non-skid snow chains have been performed on snow-covered surfaces. It has been shown that on snowy surface chains affect vehicle traction properties, mostly during acceleration. They increase the rate of acceleration up to 50% compared to a vehicle with winter tyres without chains. The results of the performed research can be the basis for the full reconstruction of road accidents under these conditions. Knowledge of traction properties of cars in difficult and unusual conditions is an important cognitive factor and serves to improve road safety.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Nowruz 2016 and Nowruz 2017 Accidents Data in Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Abdolmajid Rahmani Daranjani ◽  
◽  
Mahmoud Rezaeizadeh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
World Health ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The World ◽  
On The Road

Background: Road traffic accidents are currently among the most essential public health issues. According to the World Health Organization, given the rapid growth of road transport globally, road traffic accidents could be the third leading cause of death and disability in the world by 2020. This article examined the role of the human factor in road accidents during the Nowruz holidays, as a major cultural event in Iran. Materials and Methods: We explored the data of road accidents that occurred in Nowruz in 2016 and 2017 in Iran. Traffic accident data concerning the Nowruz holidays of 2016 and 2017 were collected by census method of sampling and based on the report of highway police. Additionally, the frequency of these accidents was analyzed according to travel time, accident type, gender, age, education, and vehicle type in different provinces. Results: The present study findings suggested that among human factors affecting Nowruz accidents in 2016 and 2017, the highest frequency belonged to unnecessary speeding. As in 2016 and 2017, it was the main responsible characteristic for 56.42% and 55.01% of accidents, respectively. In Nowruz 2016, the provinces of Tehran, Khorasan Razavi, Isfahan, Fars, and Khuzestan; in Nowruz 2017, the provinces of Tehran, Isfahan, Khorasan Razavi, Fars, and Gilan encountered the highest rates of accidents leading to injuries and deaths. Conclusion: To control unnecessary speeding and regulations disregard, planning for culturizing and the community-level education are suggested. Besides, increasing the quality and intelligence of vehicles and the construction of sliders, vertical lines on the road, warning signs, and billboards could help reduce the rate of accidents. Creating a working group of experts in psychology, traffic, etc., to study the pathology of dangerous behaviors, useless haste, and disregard for regulations and providing solutions could also be effective.

scholarly journals Analisis Pengaruh Fluktuasi Kurs Valuta Asing dan Kebijakan Harga Bahan Bakar Minyak dalam Periode 2000-2008 terhadap Kinerja PT Astra Internasional di Indonesia

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 540
Author(s):  
Mohamad Heykal ◽  
Theresa Febrona ◽  
Hidayatullah Hidayatullah
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Literature Research ◽  
Petroleum Price ◽  
Performance Reduction ◽  
The World ◽  
Report Analysis

The fourth quarter in 2008 is the peak of Global Monetary Crisis, which is the decreasing of liquidity in companies around the world. The crisis also affected towards fluctuation of world petroleum price. Automotive industry in Indonesia was also affected towards cost of foreign exchange fluctuation and petroleum price due to the crisis. PT Astra International, Tbk. is assumed to represent automotive industry in Indonesia. The research is done through literature research and financial and sales report analysis in 2000-2008. The performance reduction is directly connected by the decreasing of earnings, especially in motor vehicle and parts sale in those years and also the increasing of cost of production, due to the increasing of import fee and transportation cost. Foreign exchange fluctuation and petroleum price directly affects the work performance of PT Astra Internasional.

Emergency Response Times for Fatal Motor Vehicle Crashes, 1975–2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (8) ◽  
pp. 504-510
Author(s):  
Maria C. Cruz ◽  
Nicholas N. Ferenchak
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Response Times ◽  
The United States ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Vehicle Crashes ◽  
National Trend

Emergency response times are an important component of road safety outcomes. Research has shown that there are potential benefits from shortened response times in patient outcomes for motor vehicle crashes. While a safety analysis may identify a decrease in traffic fatalities, that decrease may be a result of improved road safety or it may simply reflect improved emergency response times. However, it is currently unclear how emergency response times have changed over the last few decades. With data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS), we identify the national trend in emergency response times from 1975 through 2017. To control for changes in response time, we analyze crashes that resulted in an immediate death. Results suggest that emergency response times have improved by approximately 50% over this timeframe. Additionally, we analyze response time trends in three states (North Carolina, Georgia, and Louisiana) that had consistent data and large sample sizes, finding patterns similar to the national trend. Outcomes suggest higher response times in rural areas. High standard deviations of average response times observed from 2003 to 2008 indicate a need for improvement in data collection. Future work could aim to better understand and reduce response times specific to certain regions and understand the effect of the popularization of cell phone usage. Our findings have important implications for fatality-based traffic safety analyses. Improving response time could help continue the trend of reduced mortality rates caused by motor vehicle crashes in the United States.

Effects on Drivers’ Behavior of Forward Collision Warning System Alerts

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1656-1660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L. Fisher ◽  
Emily Nodine ◽  
Andy Lam ◽  
Christian Jerome ◽  
Chris Monk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Vehicle Miles Traveled ◽  
Collision Warning ◽  
Forward Collision Warning ◽  
Over Time

Forward collision warning (FCW) systems have been available for some time. Drivers 20-29 years of age are especially at risk for being involved in motor vehicle crashes due to distraction. (FCW) systems could potentially reduce rear-end crashes caused by distraction and other factors. A field operational experiment was run to determine whether FCW systems could reduce over time for this cohort the driving conflicts (rear-end crashes and near crashes) with lead vehicles. Information was gathered on 38 drivers over varying periods of time (up to a year) on alert rates [over vehicle miles traveled (VMT) or months], conflict rates, and responses to conflicts. Conflicts per 1,000 VMT decreased by 76.6%. The decrease in conflict rates was correlated with the decrease in alert rates (0.71), suggesting that drivers were responding positively to the alerts. There was no change in the responses to conflicts. Females had many fewer alerts than males.

scholarly journals System Approach in Road Safety Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-210
Author(s):  
Andrzej Szymanek
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
System Approach ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
The Road ◽  
Safety Research ◽  
Emergent Feature ◽  
Safety Studies ◽  
Transport Safety

The road safety management methodology should be based on a system approach. This means that the road transport must be formalized as a complex system (CS), and then safety can be interpreted as an emergent feature of such a system. Road accidents should be interpreted as "organizational accidents". They should be studied using concepts such as "normal accident theory" (NAT) and "highly reliable organization" (HRO). The main purpose of the article is to show the usefulness of these concepts for the road safety and risk management, especially in Polish conditions. The system approach to road safety research (and transport safety) will allow for the better safety results.

IMPROVING ROAD SAFETY BASED ON GLOBAL POSITIONING ROAD TRANSPORT AND DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS ON PREVENTION OF ROAD ACCIDENTS

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Загородних ◽  
N. Zagorodnikh
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Global Positioning Systems ◽  
Driving Style ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Technical Solutions

The article discusses the use of global positioning systems to reduce traffic accidents and a device that allows to evaluate the driving style of the vehicle

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