scholarly journals Analisis Pengaruh Fluktuasi Kurs Valuta Asing dan Kebijakan Harga Bahan Bakar Minyak dalam Periode 2000-2008 terhadap Kinerja PT Astra Internasional di Indonesia

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 540
Author(s):  
Mohamad Heykal ◽  
Theresa Febrona ◽  
Hidayatullah Hidayatullah
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Literature Research ◽  
Petroleum Price ◽  
Performance Reduction ◽  
The World ◽  
Report Analysis

The fourth quarter in 2008 is the peak of Global Monetary Crisis, which is the decreasing of liquidity in companies around the world. The crisis also affected towards fluctuation of world petroleum price. Automotive industry in Indonesia was also affected towards cost of foreign exchange fluctuation and petroleum price due to the crisis. PT Astra International, Tbk. is assumed to represent automotive industry in Indonesia. The research is done through literature research and financial and sales report analysis in 2000-2008. The performance reduction is directly connected by the decreasing of earnings, especially in motor vehicle and parts sale in those years and also the increasing of cost of production, due to the increasing of import fee and transportation cost. Foreign exchange fluctuation and petroleum price directly affects the work performance of PT Astra Internasional.

scholarly journals Road accidents in the early days of the automotive industry

2015 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-176
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Goniewicz ◽  
Mariusz Goniewicz ◽  
Witold Pawłowski ◽  
Piotr Fiedor
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Death Toll ◽  
The World ◽  
Road Fatality

Abstract The first recorded road fatality happened over 140 years ago. Since then, road accidents have become one of the main causes of concern in almost every country in the world. Nowadays, fatal motor vehicle crashes occur at an interval of 50 seconds and injuries happen every two seconds. According to the WHO, the world road death toll is nearly 1.3 million and 20-50 million of people have been badly injured in road accidents and usually require long and expensive treatment. This paper looks at the issue of road accidents in the earliest days of the automotive industry. The article looks at the first laws, which were introduced to improve road safety. Virtually every member of society is somewhat affected by road transport. All traffic participants are at risk of an accident to a certain degree which is why reducing this risk should become a priority.

Actual Problems of Economic Policy

2003 ◽  
pp. 23-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ershov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Domestic Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
Exchange Policy ◽  
Effective Integration

At present Russia faces the task of great importance - effective integration into the world economy. The success of this process largely depends on the strength of the domestic economy and stable economic growth. To attain such a goal certain changes in economic approaches are required which imply more active, focused and concerted steps in the monetary, fiscal and foreign exchange policy.

administrasi ketatausahaan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
aprilaukhti
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
The World

it is very important in the world of education to learn how the administration of administration and how the processes of its implementation so that we can create an organization of education in accordance with the expectations of efficient and effective and also in this administrative administration spatial planning is a part that needs to be considered as well because spatial planning can improve work performance

A Review of Aquaculture Practices and Their Impacts on Chemical Food Safety from a Regulatory Perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe O Boison ◽  
Sherri B Turnipseed
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
Regulatory Perspective ◽  
The World ◽  
Aquaculture Industry

Abstract Aquaculture is currently one of the most rapidly growing food production industries in the world. The increasing global importance for this industry stems primarily from the fact that it is reducing the gap between the supply and demand for fish products. Commercial aquaculture contributes significantly to the economies of many countries since high-value fish species are a major source of foreign exchange. This review looks at the aquaculture industry, the issues raised by the production of fish through aquaculture for food security, the sustainability of the practice to agriculture, what the future holds for the industry in the next 10-20 years, and why there is a need to have available analytical procedures to regulate the safe use of chemicals and veterinary drugs in aquaculture.

Foreign exchange earnings of the countries of the world from international trade in fruit and berry products

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
Rafail R. Mukhametzyanov ◽  
◽  
Nikolay G. Platonovskiy ◽  
Akhmed M. Khezhev ◽  
Tatiyana V. Ostapchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
World Order ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The World ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Processed Products ◽  
The Stability

In the context of the modern global financial world order, an important element of the stability of the national monetary unit of the overwhelming majority of countries in the world, especially developing countries, is foreign exchange earnings. For some countries with favorable natural and climatic conditions, the production, processing and export of agricultural products plays a significant role in the overall structure of foreign exchange earnings in the country. The constantly increasing demand from consumers for fruits, berries, nuts and their processed products allows economic entities of national fruit and berry subcomplexes to increase the volume of growing and exporting these types of products. This study analyzes the change in the volume of exports and imports of fruit and berry products in value terms for the period 2010-2019. It is revealed that some states, being the largest exporters of fruits, berries, nuts and products of their processing, occupy significant positions in the import of these types of products from abroad. Based on the author’s calculations, the top 30 countries of the world have been compiled in terms of net foreign exchange earnings from international trade in this type of product. According to this indicator, the first line with a level of $ 7.506 billion was occupied by Spain, while it increased it by $ 1.675 billion over 10 years. As for Russia, despite the counter-sanctions against the countries of the European Union and some other countries of the world, as well as the ongoing policy of import substitution, including in domestic gardening, it continues to be one of the main importers of fruits, berries, nuts and their processing products in the world. Thus, our country supports both foreign producers and other commercial structures that carry out the processes of commodity circulation of fruit and berry products, and the receipt of foreign exchange earnings in these powers.

Foreign Exchange Policies of PRC: Historical Aspect

2014 ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
A. Binder ◽  
A. Kononov
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
The World ◽  
Exchange Policy

The article analyzes the distinctive features of the PRC foreign exchange policy from the historical perspective, taking the national color into account and emphasizing the traditions-modernity unity in its strategy. It reviews the debates over renminbi exchange rate, disclosing the weakness of the modern international foreign exchange law. It systemizes the practices of international pressures applied to China in this aspect. It is stated, that China’s foreign exchange reforming process is of a long-term nature, and it will be completed only by the time the Chinese economy gets adjusted to the world market’s requirements.

scholarly journals Optimization of inbound logistics cost in automotive industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 02007
Author(s):  
Inaki Maulida Hakim ◽  
Rolina Oktapiani Zaqiah ◽  
Yuri M. Zagloel Teuku
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Integer Nonlinear Programming ◽  
Material Load ◽  
Optimization Methodology ◽  
Optimal Material ◽  
Inbound Logistics

The increasing growth of automotive industry in Indonesia has not been matched by the number of local suppliers and makes the automotive industry too dependent on imported raw materials. Along with the needs of import activities, it is also required a greater logistics activities. However, with high logistics costs, the manufacturer must increase efficiency to be able to compete in the global market. This can be accomplished by planning inbound logistics activities that control the movement of materials from suppliers to the manufacture. In this research, an optimization methodology, based on Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) approach is developed and solved with branch and bound algorithm. The result of this research, which obtained the total cost of optimal inbound logistics include material cost, transportation cost, and administration cost. This model can also be used as a tool for the company in making decisions about the type and the number of container also with the total of the optimal material load in each container, therefore the optimal container space utilization value can be obtained.

scholarly journals The True Cost of Sugar: Economic trade-offs in conventional, organic and Fairtrade sugarcane and sugar beet production.

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joris den Boer ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Literature Research ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The World ◽  
Single Production ◽  
Economic Criteria

Sugar is an important economic commodity that is produced and consumed around the world. The impacts of different production methods differ on social, economic and environmental aspects. This research focuses on the economic trade- offs in conventional, organic and Fairtrade sugarcane production in India and sugar beet production in the Netherlands. Previous research provides insights into single production methods, but a complete comparison between different production methods is currently lacking. Data was collected using both literature research and interviews in the Netherlands and India. After developing a Multi-Criteria Analysis, it is concluded that organic sugarcane and Fairtrade sugarcane rank slightly higher than conventional sugarcane on the economic criteria. However, conventional sugar beet and organic sugar beet rank higher on all economic aspects, with conventional sugar beet ranking the highest. The main differences between the production methods can be seen in the innovation, and to a lesser extent the in the production.

scholarly journals Biodiesel, a ochrona środowiska

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 351-356
Author(s):  
Marlena Owczuk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Engine Emissions ◽  
The World

The development of the automotive industry in the world causes high environmental degradation, the main source of this degradation is engine emissions. It is necessary to introduce biofuels prepared from renewable energy sources to the market due to the limited reserve of crude oil and environmental protection. Appropriate new modifications in law regulations have been prepared in European Union. Introducing alternative fuels can reduce the emissions of harmful gases and also decrease the level of pollutions in the environment.

scholarly journals Pathophysiology of Depression and Novel Sources of Phytochemicals for its Treatment – A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
D. Bakalov ◽  
R. Hadjiolova ◽  
D. Pechlivanova
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Literature Research ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
The World ◽  
Biochemical Genetic ◽  
Standard Set

AbstractThe rising burden of depression, which will soon be the second most common cause of disability in the world, is requesting new ways to treat and prevent it. Due to high number of significant adverse drug reactions of the conventional treatment, the modern pharmaceutical industry is more often turning their focus to novel plant-based solutions. We performed literature research based on standard literature search engines – PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct. A standard set of keywords related to our topic e.g. “Depression”, “Mesembrine type alkaloids”, “Narcissus” was used. The review describes the classical monoamine theory of depression and connects it with the newly found biochemical, genetic and morphological alterations associated with the major depressive disorder. The purpose of this review is to highlight the most important aspects of the pathophysiology of depression and to explore the possibilities to use mesembrine-like alkaloids isolated from Narcissus cv. Hawera in its treatment. We describe their effect on brain biochemistry and possible future investigations.

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