Biodegradation study of bio-corn flour filled low density polyethylene composites assessed by natural soil

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Sahi ◽  
Hocine Djidjelli ◽  
Amar Boukerrou
Keyword(s):  
Filler Content ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Reactive Extrusion ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Corn Flour ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Soil Burial ◽  
Morphological Studies

Abstract This paper illustrates the aim to introduce biodegradable vegetable filler in synthetic polymers to prepare novel biodegradable composites. Low density polyethylene/alkali treated corn flour (LDPE/ATCF) composites were prepared by reactive extrusion using a twin-screw extruder. The microstructure, thermal properties and tensile properties were evaluated and compared with virgin LDPE. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed a decrease in the hydrophilic nature of corn flour (CF) after alkali treatment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs showed good dispersion between matrix and filler. The tensile and elongation at break decreased by increasing the filler content in the composites. However, the Young’s modulus increased with the increase in filler content. The biodegradation of composites was studied in the environment using the soil burial test for 6 months. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed an increase of the melting enthalpy (ΔHm) and crystallinity of LDPE with evidence of degradation. The biodegradability of the composites was enhanced with increasing ATCF content in the matrix. This result was supported by weight loss and degraded surface of composites observed through morphological studies. From the results, we conclude that the use of ATCF as filler in LDPE reduces pollution problems. This is advantageous for both the economy and the environment.

Thermal properties and degradability of low density polyethylene microcrystalline cellulose composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousef Ahmad Mubarak ◽  
Raghda Talal Abdulsamad
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Crystallization Temperature ◽  
Nucleating Agent ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Soil Burial ◽  
Cellulose Composites

The effect of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) on the thermal properties (melting and crystallization temperatures and percentage crystallinity) and degradation of low density polyethylene (LDPE)–MCC blends were investigated. Weight percentages of MCC were varied at 0, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 30 wt%. The thermal properties of the composites were studied using differential scanning calorimetry while the degradation test was carried out using soil burial method; the weight loss of LDPE/MCC composites was measured and analyzed over a period of 120 days. It has been found that the addition of MCC to LDPE increased the crystallization temperature from 99°C to 103.5°C and decreased the melting temperature from 117°C to 113.6°C. A rule of a nucleating agent has been given as an interpretation to this increase in the crystallization temperature and intensity of crystals by the increase of MCC content. The dramatic reduction was in the percentage crystallinity where the value reduced from 58% for neat LDPE to about 11% for LDPE/30 wt% MCC. On the other hand, the addition of MCC has a little effect on degradation of LDPE; the weight loss did not exceed 1.5% over a period of 120 days. It seems that even at high MCC concentration, LDPE long carbon chains restrict and increase the resistance to microorganism attack and hence, reduce the hydrolysis and degradability.

Biodegradation of low density polyethylene/starch films exposed to soil burial

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souad Djellalia ◽  
Nassima Benmahmoud ◽  
Tahar Sadoun
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Soil Burial ◽  
Starch Films

Crystallinity and Influence of Citric Acid as a Compatibilizer in Low Density Polyethylene/Jackfruit Seed Flour Blends

2015 ◽  
Vol 815 ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
P. Santhiya ◽  
S.T. Sam ◽  
H. Kamarudin ◽  
S. Ragunathan ◽  
N.Z. Noriman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Seed Flour ◽  
Flour Blends ◽  
Internal Mixer

The properties of blends made from low density polyethylene (LDPE) with various concentration of jackfruit seeds flour (JSF) with the presence of citric acid (CA) were investigated. The JSF content was varied from 0 to 20 wt%. The JSF were blended with LDPE by using an internal mixer (Brabender) at a temperature of 150°C. The test was carried out by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), with heating temperature of 100C/min. The crystallinity had improved with the presence of CA. However, the crystallinity slightly reduced with the increasing JSF content and further increased with the presence of CA.

scholarly journals Rendering Bio-Inert Low Density Polyethylene Amenable For Biodegradation Via Fast High Throughput Reactive Extrusion Assisted Oxidation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Ferrero ◽  
Olivia A. Attallah ◽  
Miguel Ángel Valera ◽  
Ivana Aleksic ◽  
Muhammad Azeem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Reactive Extrusion ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Carbonyl Index ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Pretreatment Conditions

Abstract An energy efficient high throughput pre-treatment of low density polyethylene (LDPE) using a fast reactive extrusion (REX) assisted oxidation technique followed by bacterial attachment as an indicator for bio-amenability was studied. Silicon dioxide (SiO2) was selected as a model oxidizing and catalytic reagent with the REX process demonstrated to be effective both in the presence and absence of the catalyst. Optimized 5-minute duration pretreatment conditions were determined using Box-Behnken design (BBD) with respect to screws speed, operating temperature, and concentration of SiO2. The crystallinity index, carbonyl index and weight loss (%) of LDPE were used as the studied responses for BDD. FTIR and DSC spectra of the residual LDPE obtained after pretreatment with the REX assisted oxidation technique showed a significant increase in residual LDPE carbonyl index from 0 to 1.04 and a decrease of LDPE crystallinity index from 29% to 18%. Up to 5-fold molecular weight reductions were also demonstrated using GPC. Optimum LDPE pretreatment with a duration of 5 minutes was obtained at low screw speed (50 rpm), operating temperature of 380-390⁰C and variable concentration of SiO2 (0 and 2% (w/w)) indicating that effective pretreatment can occur under noncatalytic and catalysed conditions. Biofilms were successfully formed on pretreated LDPE samples after 14 days of incubation.Furthermore, the technique proposed in this study is expected to provide a high throughput approach for pretreatment of pervasive recalcitrant PE based plastics to reduce their bio inertness.

Blown Films from Linear Low Density Polyethylene Incorporating Biodegradable Additive

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-144
Author(s):  
Vivek Kale ◽  
Kalpesh Jani ◽  
Satish Awate ◽  
R Rangaprasad ◽  
Yatish Vasudeo
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Linear Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Blown Films ◽  
Polymer Resin ◽  
Innovative Materials ◽  
Different Levels

Environmental concerns are now driving additive suppliers and polymer resin manufacturers to step up efforts to create innovative materials for the future. In the present work, a “biodegradable” additive/promoter was incorporated into a butene-based linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) at different levels. The properties of the blown films derived therefrom were investigated. In the first step the “degradation additive/promoter” was converted into a 50% masterbatch in LLDPE. In the second step, this concentrate was let down at 5, 10, 15 and 20% level in a butene-based film grade LLDPE. The properties of the films were characterized. In the third step, the films were subjected to “real-time” degradation tests; using natural soil and under vermicompost conditions. Films subjected to degradation under vermicompost conditions have shown encouraging results. After 3 months, the films containing 15 and 20% additive were found to have disintegrated to a practically unusable form.

Degradation of epoxidized natural rubber compatibilized linear low density polyethylene/ soya powder blends: the effect of natural weathering

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 579-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.T. Sam ◽  
H. Ismail ◽  
H.P.S. Abdul Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Natural Weathering ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Linear Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Powder Blends ◽  
Compatibilized Blends

Abstract In the present study, linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE)/soya powder blends were compatibilized with epoxidized natural rubber (ENR 50) and exposed to natural weathering. The exposure period for the blends was 1 year. It was found that the degradability of the compatibilized blends was higher than that of uncompatibilized blends. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, the tensile test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were applied to analyze the degradability of the blends. IR spectra showed that the carbonyl index (CI) of the blends increased as a function of exposure period and soya powder content. The compatibilized blends gave higher carbonyl indices. The retention tensile strength and elongation at break (Eb) of the compatibilized blends after weathering was generally lower than for the uncompatibilized blends. The increase of crystallinity also indicated a reduction of the amorphous portion after degradation. The higher crystallinity in compatibilized blends further confirms the higher degradability of ENR 50 compatibilized blends. The weight loss and molecular weight change indicated that the incorporation of ENR 50 into LLDPE/soya powder blends can enhance the degradability of the blends upon outdoor exposure.

Linear Low Density Polyethylene/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)/Kenaf (LLDPE/PVA/KNF) Composites: Effect of 3-(Trimethoxysilyl)Propyl Methacrylate as Silane Coupling Agent on Tensile and Morphological Properties

2016 ◽  
Vol 694 ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Ai Ling Pang ◽  
Hanafi Ismail ◽  
Azhar Abu Bakar
Keyword(s):  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Silane Coupling Agent ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Linear Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Propyl Methacrylate ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Silane Coupling

The tensile properties and morphological studies of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE)/poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/kenaf (KNF) composites with and without 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (silane coupling agent) were investigated. The composites with different KNF loading (10, 20, 30, 40 phr) were prepared using a Thermo Haake Polydrive internal mixer at 150°C and 50 rpm for 10 min. The results indicated that composites with 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate gives higher tensile strength and modulus but lower elongation at break than composites without. The presence of 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate found to enhance the interfacial adhesion between LLDPE/PVA matrix and KNF fiber. Morphological studies on tensile fractured surfaces showed good adhesion between LLDPE/PVA matrix and KNF, and better dispersion of KNF for the composites with 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate.

Exploration on compatibilizing effect of nonionic, anionic, and cationic surfactants on mechanical, morphological, and chemical properties of high-density polyethylene/low-density polyethylene/cellulose biocomposites

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 855-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
AK Sudari ◽  
AA Shamsuri ◽  
ES Zainudin ◽  
PM Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Sodium Stearate ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Compatibilizing Effect

Three types of surfactants, specifically cationic, anionic, and nonionic, at different weight percentages were added into high-density polyethylene/low-density polyethylene/cellulose (HDPE/LDPE/cellulose) biocomposites via melt mixing. The cationic and anionic surfactants which are hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HTAB) and sodium stearate (SS), respectively, were added from 4 to 20 wt%, whereas the nonionic surfactant which is sorbitan monostearate (SM) was added from 1 to 5 wt%. The mechanical testing results exhibited that the addition of HTAB increased tensile strength and tensile modulus, while SS deteriorated mechanical properties, while SM increased impact strength and tensile extension of the biocomposites. Based on the mechanical properties results, optimum weight percentages of HTAB and SM were 12 wt% and 4 wt%, respectively. The scanning electron microscopic micrographs displayed that the amount of cellulose fillers pullout decreased with the addition of HTAB, followed by SM, but it increased with SS. Fourier transform infrared spectra, X-ray diffractometer patterns, thermogravimetric analysis results, and differential scanning calorimetry thermograms have confirmed the presence of physical interactions only with the addition of HTAB and SM. Based on the results, compatibilizing effect was found in HTAB, whereas SM has not showed compatibilizing effect but instead plasticizing effect. However, neither compatibilizing nor plasticizing effect was exhibited by SS.

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