scholarly journals Ecology and Diversity of Urban Pine Forest Soil Invertebrates in Rīga, Latvia / Augsnes Bezmugurkaulnieku Bioloģiskā Daudzveidība Urbānajos Priežu Mežos Rīgā, Latvijā

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-131
Author(s):  
Dmitry Telnov ◽  
Ineta Salmane
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fauna ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Soil Invertebrates ◽  
Soil Invertebrate ◽  
Community Similarity ◽  
Faunal Diversity ◽  
Undisturbed Soils ◽  
Pine Forest Soil ◽  
Disturbed Soils ◽  
Forest Habitats

Abstract A study on ecology and diversity of soil invertebrates of urban pine and mixed pine forests was carried out in seven different sampling plots in Rīga during 2014. Ninety eight soil samples were processed and in total, 40 426 specimens were extracted (of them, 25 237 specimens were identified to species level and 15 189 to order level). Indices (abundance, community similarity etc.) characterising faunal diversity and species communities of Rīga city soil fauna were estimated. The most numerous soil invertebrate groups were Collembola, Oribatida and Mesostigmata, accounting for 95% of all collected animals. There was rather high diversity of soil invertebrates in the disturbed urban forest habitats, but undisturbed soils harbour a greater species richness of mite fauna than disturbed soils.

scholarly journals Soil invertebrates in southern Brazilian Araucaria forest - grassland mosaic: differences between disturbed and undisturbed areas

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Frainer ◽  
Marcelo M. Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Soil Invertebrates ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soil Invertebrate ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Araucaria Forest ◽  
Taxonomic Level ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Disturbed Area ◽  
Forest Habitats

Soil invertebrate distribution in Araucaria forest, grassland and edge habitats was studied in both disturbed and undisturbed areas in southern Brazil. Mean-density and taxa compositions were verified. Invertebrate densities differed between grassland and the other two habitats in the undisturbed area but not across the disturbed one. At the disturbed area taxa differed between the grassland and the other two habitats. The undisturbed area, on the other hand, presented taxa differences only between the grassland and the forest habitats. Acari, Arachnida and Collembola were the most sensitive taxa for detecting differences across habitats in both areas. At the disturbed area, these taxa presented densities lowering from the forest to the grassland. At the undisturbed area the same taxa increased from the forest to the grassland. Coleoptera and Formicidae (Insecta) presented no difference between habitats at the studied taxonomic level.

Observations on the effect of hexoestrol on earthworms and other soil invertebrates

1960 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Raw
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Soil Fauna ◽  
Lumbricus Terrestris ◽  
Soil Invertebrates ◽  
Saturated Aqueous Solution ◽  
Egg Capsules ◽  
Allolobophora Caliginosa

1. Activity of Lumbricus terrestris, Allolobophora caliginosa and A. chlorotica was unaffected by 15 mg. hexoestrol in solution in 500 g. soil.2. Activity and reproduction of A. caliginosa was unaffected by 10 mg. hexoestrol in 500 g. soil, but 100 mg. and over affected activity and stopped reproduction.3. Egg capsules of A. caliginosa and A. chlorotica developed normally in a saturated aqueous solution of hexoestrol.4. No effect on the soil fauna of grass plots due to grazing with implanted bullocks was observed.

Composition of the soil fauna in forested and grassy plots at Delhi, Ontario

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 3048-3055 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Tomlin ◽  
J. J. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fauna ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Soil Invertebrate ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Litter Layer ◽  
Invertebrate Fauna ◽  
Dendrobaena Octaedra ◽  
Aporrectodea Tuberculata

There were several differences between invertebrate fauna collected from 15 cm deep cores taken from previously cultivated soil (now in grass) and fauna of a similar Fox loamy sand series in a nearby woodlot at Delhi, Ontario (42°51′ N, 80°30′W). Soil invertebrate populations in the grassy field were less dense (931 × 103 vs. 1853 × 103 animals/m2) and less diverse, had less than half of the biomass (1.2 vs. 2.9 g dry wt./m2), and exhibited little significant decrease in invertebrate densities with increasing soil depth compared with woodlot soil cores; woodlot soils exhibited significant decreases in invertebrate densities with increasing soil depth. The litter layer (LFH) of the woodlot provided the highest invertebrate densities and biomasses of any soil horizon tested over the 5-month sampling period. Percent abundances at both sites for most taxa were relatively similar; nematodes, protozoans, and mites were most abundant and earthworms, least abundant. The category "other arthropods" (including hexapods, myriapods, and araneids) was the largest contributor at both sites when taxa were ranked according to biomass. Earthworms were virtually nonexistent in the grassy field and were represented by only two species, Dendrobaena octaedra (Savigny) (which was dominant in both abundance and biomass) and Aporrectodea tuberculata (Eisen), in woodlot soil. Woodlot faunal densities and biomasses for most taxa were similar to comparable Eurasian sites of similar climate and vegetation.

Study on Swelling-Shrinkage Behavior of Vertisols along Fujian Coast

2011 ◽  
Vol 255-260 ◽  
pp. 3610-3614
Author(s):  
Ming Xia Chen ◽  
He Jian Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Research Area ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Crack Network ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Fujian Coast ◽  
Undisturbed Soils ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Disturbed Soils ◽  
Shrinkage Behavior ◽  
Wet And Dry Seasons

The climatic zone is characterized by alternate wet and dry seasons along Fujian coast. The vertisols experience periodic swelling-shrinkage during alternate wet and dry seasons. 16 soil samples from different profiles (0~20cm depth, 20~40cm depth)were collected from different regions in the research area. The paper shows the swelling-shrinkage behavior along Fujian coast in terms of morphology, particle content and physical properties of vertisols, The structure of the soil profile varies with depth, while the profile horizonation is weak. Crack network is usually observed on the surface. In addition, this paper investigated the effect of wetting and drying on the expansive chatacteristics of the soil. The test results show that after each cycle, the height of the soil samples increased. This indicates that the swell-shrink behavior of vertisols is not completely reversible. The swelling-shrinkage characteristics of soils become greater with stickier texture. Compared to undisturbed soils, the swelling-shrinkage behavior of disturbed soils are greater.

scholarly journals Soil invertebrates of coniferous forests along a gradient of air pollution (Komi Republic)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alla Kolesnikova ◽  
Tatyana Konakova ◽  
Anastasia Taskaeva ◽  
Alexey Kudrin
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Soil Invertebrates ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Soil Invertebrate ◽  
Production Area ◽  
The Impact

The role of soil invertebrates in the cycle of substances, soil-forming processes and the provision of ecosystem services is undeniable. Therefore, soil invertebrates are valuable in bioindication studies. Comprehensive research of soil invertebrates in the production area of Mondi Syktyvkar JSC as the largest pulp and paper enterprise in the European part of Russia was initiated in 2003. A huge amount of data about composition, abundance and structure of soil macro- and mesofauna along an impact gradient was accumulated during the period from 2003 to 2019 years. These data can be used to study local biodiversity, monitor the state of soil invertebrate communities and assess the impact of the pulp and paper industry on the environment. Datasets here presented include information from a monitoring programme for soil invertebrates that inhabit coniferous forests in the production area of Mondi Syktyvkar JSC (Komi Republic). The assemblages' structure of macrofauna, collembolans and nematodes are described. Information on the number of individuals of springtail species, nematodes genera and macrofauna taxa is given. A total of 11146 sampling events of macrofauna, 6673 sampling events of Collembola, and 2592 sampling events of Nematoda are recorded along a gradient of air pollution from pulp and paper industry emissions.

scholarly journals Drivers of tropical soil invertebrate community composition and richness across tropical secondary forests using DNA metasystematics

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie M. McGee ◽  
Teresita M. Porter ◽  
Michael Wright ◽  
Mehrdad Hajibabaei
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Soil Invertebrates ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Soil Invertebrate ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Invertebrate Community ◽  
Invertebrate Communities

Abstract Tropical forests are fundamental ecosystems, essential for providing terrestrial primary productivity, global nutrient cycling, and biodiversity. Despite their importance, tropical forests are currently threatened by deforestation and associated activities. Moreover, tropical regions are now mostly represented by secondary forest regrowth, with half of the remaining tropical forests as secondary forest. Soil invertebrates are an important component to the functioning and biodiversity of these soil ecosystems. However, it remains unclear how these past land-use activities and subsequent secondary forest developments have altered the soil invertebrate communities and any potential ecological consequences associated with this. DNA metabarcoding offers an effective approach to rapidly monitor soil invertebrate communities under different land-use practices and within secondary forests. In this study, we used DNA metabarcoding to detect community-based patterns of soil invertebrate composition across a primary forest, a 23-year-old secondary forest, and a 33-year-old secondary forest and the associated soil environmental drivers of the soil invertebrate community structure in the Maquenque National Wildlife Refuge of Costa Rica (MNWR). We also used a species contribution analysis (SIMPER) to determine which soil invertebrate groups may be an indication of these soils reaching a pre-disturbed state such as a primary forest. We found that the soil invertebrate community composition at class, order, family, and ESV level were mostly significantly different across that habitats. We also found that the primary forest had a greater richness of soil invertebrates compared to the 23-year-old and 33-year-old secondary forest. Moreover, a redundancy analysis indicated that soil moisture influenced soil invertebrate community structure and explained up to 22% of the total variation observed in the community composition across the habitats; whereas soil invertebrate richness was structured by soil microbial biomass carbon (C) (Cmic) and explained up to 52% of the invertebrate richness across the primary and secondary forests. Lastly, the SIMPER analysis revealed that Naididae, Entomobryidae, and Elateridae could be important indicators of soil and forest recuperation in the MNWR. This study adds to the increasing evidence that soil invertebrates are intimately linked with the soil microbial biomass carbon (Cmic) and that even after 33 years of natural regrowth of a forest, these land use activities can still have persisting effects on the overall composition and richness of the soil invertebrate communities.

scholarly journals Numbers and biomass of soil invertebrates in a reserved field in central Finland

1979 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Törmälä
Keyword(s):  
Soil Surface ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Invertebrates ◽  
Soil Invertebrate ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Invertebrate Community ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Individual Size ◽  
Diptera Larvae

The numbers and biomasses of soil invertebrates were investigated in a reserved field in central Finland. Samples were taken monthly from June to September. Five methods were employed to extract the animals from the soil samples. The animals were counted, measured and their dry biomasses were estimated by body length/weight regressions and dry weight/wet weight ratios derived from the literature. In July the total biomass of the soil invertebrate community (excluding Protozoa, Tardigrada and Rotatoria) was about 9.6 g dry weight m-2. The most dominant groups were Lumricidae (73.1 %), Enchytraeidae (5,7 %), Oribatei (5.0 %), and Nematoda (4.4 %). In September the biomass of Diptera larvae was high (1.0 g dw m-2). In numbers nematodes were superior (maximum 12 million m-2) to other groups. Oribatei, Mesostigmata and Collembola were more concentrated to the soil surface than other Acari, Enchytraeidae and Nematoda. The mean individual size decreased with depth in all of the studied groups.

scholarly journals KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS SEMUT (Formicidae) DI HUTAN KOTA KABUPATEN KETAPANG KALIMANTAN BARAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adi Mustika ◽  
Harri Prayogo ◽  
M Sofwan Anwari
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Ecosystem Stability ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Forest Habitat ◽  
West Kalimantan ◽  
Forest Habitats

The diversity of ant species is one of the links in ecosystem stability as decomposing insects as well as food sources so that its existence becomes very ecologically important. Information about the types of ants found in the urban forest of Ketapang Regency is not yet available, therefore the problem of this research is how the diversity of ant species (Formicidae) in the urban forest of Ketapang Regency. This study aims to document the richness and diversity of ant species in the urban forest of Ketapang Regency, West Kalimantan. The method used was purposive sampling and systematic where the placement of traps was carried out according to the presence of ants in terrestrial and arboreal types in secondary forest habitats. Based on the results of research in the urban forest of Ketapang Regency, which was carried out in two types, namely terrestrial type and arboreal type, 10 species of 5 sub-families were found. Sub-families and types of ants found include: Dolichoderinae (Dolichoderus burmanicus, Dolichoderus taprobanae ceramensis), Formicinae (Aphomomyrmex afer, Polirachis browni, Prenolepis fisheri, Chepalotes femoral), Myrmicinae (Crematogester yameni, Crematogester indet), Ponerinae (Odontomachus haematodus), Pseudomyrmecinae (Tetraponera attenuata). The species diversity index (H') in terrestrial type secondary forest habitat (H'= 0.62) and arboreal type (H'= 0.81), the results of the two types in the secondary forest can be concluded that it is still relatively low.Keywords: Ants, Secondary forest habitat, Species diversity

scholarly journals Cessation of grazing causes biodiversity loss and homogenization of soil food webs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten Schrama ◽  
Casper Quist ◽  
Arjen De Groot ◽  
Ellen Cieraad ◽  
deborah ashworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Webs ◽  
Soil Fauna ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Soil Organisms ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Food Webs ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Faunal Diversity

There is widespread concern that cessation of grazing in historically grazed ecosystems is causing biotic homogenization and biodiversity loss. Here, we used 12 montane grassland sites along an 800-km north-south gradient across the United Kingdom, to test whether cessation of grazing affects local ɑ- and β-diversity of belowground food webs. We show that cessation of grazing leads to strongly decreased ɑ-diversity of both soil microbial and faunal diversity. In contrast, the β-diversity varied between groups of soil organisms. While soil microbial communities exhibited increased homogenization after cessation of grazing, we observed decreased homogenization for soil fauna after cessation of grazing. Overall, our results indicate that grazer exclusion from historically grazed montane grasslands has far-ranging consequences for the diversity and composition of belowground food webs, and underscore the importance of grazers for maintaining the diversity of belowground communities, which play a central role in ecosystem functioning.

scholarly journals Avaliação da Atividade Alimentar dos Invertebrados de Solo em Campos do Sul do Brasil – Bait-Lamina Test

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Regina Podgaiski ◽  
Fernanda Schmidt Silveira ◽  
Milton Mendonça Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Soil Fauna ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Soil Invertebrates ◽  
Leaf Litter Decomposition ◽  
The South ◽  
Decomposition Rates ◽  
Campos Sulinos

Esse trabalho tem como finalidade fornecer informações sobre um teste pioneiro (bait-lamina test) utilizado nos Campos do Sul do Brasil com a finalidade de avaliar a atividade alimentar dos invertebrados do solo – um indicativo de taxas de decomposição da serapilheira nos ecossistemas. Descreve-se o comportamento alimentar durante dois meses, acessando a profundidade do solo (0-8 cm) na qual ocorre maior consumo e analisando duas formas de quantificação deste consumo (técnica conservativa X técnica prática) em dois diferentes ecossistemas campestres. Foram estabelecidas 100 unidades amostrais (u.a.) independentemente em cada área (pastejada e não pastejada), adicionando a cada uma duas bait-lamina, uma disposta horizontalmente na superfície do solo, e outra verticalmente dentro do solo. Para cada data amostral (9, 16, 22, 29 e 65 dias de exposição) foram sorteadas 20 u.a. para análise. Foi observado grande consumo desde o início da exposição, tanto na superfície quanto dentro do solo. A atividade da fauna diferiu com a profundidade do solo, sendo maior na superfície e na profundidade de 6,5-8 cm. Em relação às diferentes técnicas, ambas revelaram resultados similares quando se compararam as duas áreas. A área pastejada demonstrou menor atividade dos invertebrados quando comparada a não pastejada. Esses resultados constituem base para futuras pesquisas no Brasil, relatando que o teste de bait-lamina nos Campos Sulinos pode oferecer resultados otimizados após cerca de uma quinzena de dias de exposição. Evaluation of Soil Invertebrates Feeding Activity in South Brazilian Campos – Bait Lamina Test Abstract. The aim of this work is to inform about a pioneer bait-lamina test in the South Brazilian Campos to evaluate the soil invertebrates feeding activity which is an approaching to leaf litter decomposition rates in the ecosystems. The feeding activity was tested during two months, across 8 cm of soil depth and employing a comparison between two techniques of consumption quantification (conservative technique vs. practical technique) in two different grassland areas (grazed and not grazed) were described. One hundred independent sampling units (s.u.) were established on each area, and in each s.u. two bait-lamina were inserted: one horizontally and another vertically. For each sampling date (9, 16, 22, 29 e 65 days of exposition), 20 s.u. were sorted and analyzed. We observed a high feeding activity from the beginning of the experiments, both in the surface and within the soil. Soil fauna feeding activity differed according to soil depth, being higher on the surface and for 6.5-8 cm deep in the soil. Both techniques lead to similar results when the two areas were compared. The grazed site showed lower invertebrate feeding activity than the site not grazed. These findings constitute a basis for future researches in Brazil, relating that the bait-lamina test can offer useful results around fifteen days of exposition.

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