Developing enhanced magnetoimmunosensors based on low-cost screen-printed electrode devices

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zorione Herrasti ◽  
Erica de la Serna ◽  
Gisela Ruiz-Vega ◽  
Eva Baldrich
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Electrochemical Cell ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Screen Printed Electrode ◽  
Spectrophotometric Detection ◽  
Complex Sample ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Screen Printed

AbstractElectrochemical magnetoimmunosensors combine a number of issues that guarantee extremely high performance and also compatibility with the study of complex sample matrices. First, analyte immunocapture exploits the high affinity and specificity of antibodies. Second, magnetic particles (MP) provide faster and more efficient immunocapture than binding on two-dimensional structures, separation from nontarget sample components, and concentration of the target analyte. Finally, electrochemical detection supplies sensitivity and fast signal generation using robust and potentially miniaturized measurement equipment and transducers. On the contrary, MP handling is slightly more complex for end-users and more difficult to integrate in point-of-care devices than the manipulation of a classical biosensor. Attempts have been made to automate immunomagnetic binding, and the first robotized systems and platforms for the fluorescent and spectrophotometric detection of magnetoimmunoassays have already reached the market. Among the different types of electrodes available, screen-printed electrodes (SPE) stand out because of their low production cost and yet acceptable performance and interdevice reproducibility, which make them an excellent choice for analytical applications. In addition, each SPE entails a whole electrochemical cell stamped on a planar physical substrate, which makes it possible detection in small volumes and is especially favorable for the magnetic confinement of MP and the integration of microfluidic structures. In this article, we discuss the advantages obtained by using SPE and MP for the production of electrochemical magnetoimmunosensors and the clues for the successful development of such devices. We then revise some of the most outstanding works published in the literature.

scholarly journals Electrochemical (Bio)Sensors for Pesticides Detection Using Screen-Printed Electrodes

Biosensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Pérez-Fernández ◽  
Agustín Costa-García ◽  
Alfredo de la Escosura- Muñiz
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Food Control ◽  
Food Contaminants ◽  
Screen Printed Electrodes ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Screen Printed

Pesticides are among the most important contaminants in food, leading to important global health problems. While conventional techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS) have traditionally been utilized for the detection of such food contaminants, they are relatively expensive, time-consuming and labor intensive, limiting their use for point-of-care (POC) applications. Electrochemical (bio)sensors are emerging devices meeting such expectations, since they represent reliable, simple, cheap, portable, selective and easy to use analytical tools that can be used outside the laboratories by non-specialized personnel. Screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) stand out from the variety of transducers used in electrochemical (bio)sensing because of their small size, high integration, low cost and ability to measure in few microliters of sample. In this context, in this review article, we summarize and discuss about the use of SPEs as analytical tools in the development of (bio)sensors for pesticides of interest for food control. Finally, aspects related to the analytical performance of the developed (bio)sensors together with prospects for future improvements are discussed.

scholarly journals Pocket MUSE: an affordable, versatile and high-performance fluorescence microscope using a smartphone

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yehe Liu ◽  
Andrew M. Rollins ◽  
Richard M. Levenson ◽  
Farzad Fereidouni ◽  
Michael W. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Consumer Electronics ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Point Of Care Diagnostics ◽  
Optical Module ◽  
Optical Configuration ◽  
User Friendly

AbstractSmartphone microscopes can be useful tools for a broad range of imaging applications. This manuscript demonstrates the first practical implementation of Microscopy with Ultraviolet Surface Excitation (MUSE) in a compact smartphone microscope called Pocket MUSE, resulting in a remarkably effective design. Fabricated with parts from consumer electronics that are readily available at low cost, the small optical module attaches directly over the rear lens in a smartphone. It enables high-quality multichannel fluorescence microscopy with submicron resolution over a 10× equivalent field of view. In addition to the novel optical configuration, Pocket MUSE is compatible with a series of simple, portable, and user-friendly sample preparation strategies that can be directly implemented for various microscopy applications for point-of-care diagnostics, at-home health monitoring, plant biology, STEM education, environmental studies, etc.

scholarly journals Integrating high-performing electrochemical transducers in lateral flow assay

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Perju ◽  
Nongnoot Wongkaew
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Analytical Performance ◽  
Label Free ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Lateral Flow Assays ◽  
Electrochemical Transducers

AbstractLateral flow assays (LFAs) are the best-performing and best-known point-of-care tests worldwide. Over the last decade, they have experienced an increasing interest by researchers towards improving their analytical performance while maintaining their robust assay platform. Commercially, visual and optical detection strategies dominate, but it is especially the research on integrating electrochemical (EC) approaches that may have a chance to significantly improve an LFA’s performance that is needed in order to detect analytes reliably at lower concentrations than currently possible. In fact, EC-LFAs offer advantages in terms of quantitative determination, low-cost, high sensitivity, and even simple, label-free strategies. Here, the various configurations of EC-LFAs published are summarized and critically evaluated. In short, most of them rely on applying conventional transducers, e.g., screen-printed electrode, to ensure reliability of the assay, and additional advances are afforded by the beneficial features of nanomaterials. It is predicted that these will be further implemented in EC-LFAs as high-performance transducers. Considering the low cost of point-of-care devices, it becomes even more important to also identify strategies that efficiently integrate nanomaterials into EC-LFAs in a high-throughput manner while maintaining their favorable analytical performance.

scholarly journals A haemagglutination test for rapid detection of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Townsend ◽  
Pramila Rijal ◽  
Julie Xiao ◽  
Tiong Kit Tan ◽  
Kuan-Ying A Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Glycophorin A ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Cell Agglutination ◽  
Haemagglutination Test ◽  
Point Of Care Test ◽  
Laboratory Facilities

ABSTRACTSerological detection of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 is essential for establishing rates of seroconversion in populations, detection of seroconversion after vaccination, and for seeking evidence for a level of antibody that may be protective against COVID-19 disease. Several high-performance commercial tests have been described, but these require centralised laboratory facilities that are comparatively expensive, and therefore not available universally. Red cell agglutination tests have a long history in blood typing, and general serology through linkage of reporter molecules to the red cell surface. They do not require special equipment, are read by eye, have short development times, low cost and can be applied as a Point of Care Test (POCT). We describe a red cell agglutination test for the detection of antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD). We show that the Haemagglutination Test (“HAT”) has a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 99% for detection of antibodies after a PCR diagnosed infection. The HAT can be titrated, detects rising titres in the first five days of hospital admission, correlates well with a commercial test that detects antibodies to the RBD, and can be applied as a point of care test. The developing reagent is composed of a previously described nanobody to a conserved glycophorin A epitope on red cells, linked to the RBD from SARS-CoV-2. It can be lyophilised for ease of shipping. We have scaled up production of this reagent to one gram, which is sufficient for ten million tests, at a cost of ∼0.27 UK pence per test well. Aliquots of this reagent are ready to be supplied to qualified groups anywhere in the world that need to detect antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, but do not have the facilities for high throughput commercial tests.

Application of SU-8 photoresist as a multi-functional structural dielectric layer in FOWLP

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (DPC) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Raquel Pinto ◽  
André Cardoso ◽  
Sara Ribeiro ◽  
Carlos Brandão ◽  
João Gaspar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Material ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Microelectromechanical Systems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Wafer Level ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types

Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) are a fast growing technology for sensor and actuator miniaturization finding more and more commercial opportunities by having an important role in the field of Internet of Things (IoT). On the same note, Fan-out Wafer Level Packaging (FOWLP), namely WLFO technology of NANIUM, which is based on Infineon/ Intel eWLB technology, is also finding further applications, not only due to its high performance, low cost, high flexibility, but also due to its versatility to allow the integration of different types of components in the same small form-factor package. Despite its great potential it is still off limits to the more sensitive components as micro-mechanical devices and some type of sensors, which are vulnerable to temperature and pressure. In the interest of increasing FOWLP versatility and enabling the integration of MEMS, new methods of assembling and processing are continuously searched for. Dielectrics currently used for redistribution layer construction need to be cured at temperatures above 200°C, making it one of the major boundary for low temperature processing. In addition, in order to accomplish a wide range of dielectric thicknesses in the same package it is often necessary to stack very different types of dielectrics with impact on bill of materials complexity and cost. In this work, done in cooperation with the International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), we describe the implementation of commercially available SU-8 photoresist as a structural material in FOWLP, allowing lower processing temperature and reduced internal package stress, thus enabling the integration of components such as MEMS/MOEMS, magneto-resistive devices and micro-batteries. While SU-8 photoresist was first designed for the microelectronics industry, it is currently highly used in the fabrication of microfluidics as well as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and BIO-MEMS due to its high biocompatibility and wide range of available thicknesses in the same product family. Its good thermal and chemical resistance and also mechanical and rheological properties, make it suitable to be used as a structural material, and moreover it cures at 150°C, which is key for the applications targeted. Unprecedentedly, SU-8 photoresist is tested in this work as a structural dielectric for the redistribution layers on 300mm fan-out wafers. Main concerns during the evaluation of the new WLFO dielectric focused on processability quality; adhesion to multi-material substrate and metals (copper, aluminium, gold, ¦); between layers of very different thicknesses; and overall reliability. During preliminary runs, processability on 300 mm fan-out wafers was evaluated by testing different coating and soft bake conditions, exposure settings, post-exposure parameters, up to developing setup. The outputs are not only on process conditions and results but also on WLFO design rules. For the first time, a set of conditions has been defined that allows processing SU-8 on WLFO, with thickness values ranging from 1 um to 150 um. The introduction of SU-8 in WLFO is a breakthrough in this fast-growing advanced packaging technology platform as it opens vast opportunities for sensor integration in WLP technology.

scholarly journals Trimodal Waveguide Demonstration and Its Implementation as a High Order Mode Interferometer for Sensing Application

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 2821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhonattan C. Ramirez ◽  
Lucas H. Gabrielli ◽  
Laura M. Lechuga ◽  
Hugo E. Hernandez-Figueroa
Keyword(s):  
Free Spectral Range ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Order Mode ◽  
Sio2 Substrate ◽  
Polymer Waveguide ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Mode Order

This work implements and demonstrates an interferometric transducer based on a trimodal optical waveguide concept. The readout signal is generated from the interference between the fundamental and second-order modes propagating on a straight polymer waveguide. Intuitively, the higher the mode order, the larger the fraction of power (evanescent field) propagating outside the waveguide core, hence the higher the sensitivity that can be achieved when interfering against the strongly confined fundamental mode. The device is fabricated using the polymer SU-8 over a SiO2 substrate and shows a free spectral range of 20.2 nm and signal visibility of 5.7 dB, reaching a sensitivity to temperature variations of 0.0586 dB/ ∘ C. The results indicate that the proposed interferometer is a promising candidate for highly sensitive, compact and low-cost photonic transducer for implementation in different types of sensing applications, among these, point-of-care.

scholarly journals Electrochemical Properties of Screen-Printed Carbon Nano-Onion Electrodes

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (17) ◽  
pp. 3884
Author(s):  
Loanda R. Cumba ◽  
Adalberto Camisasca ◽  
Silvia Giordani ◽  
Robert J. Forster
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Analytical Sensitivity ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Carbon Particles ◽  
Screen Printed Electrodes ◽  
Ink Formulation ◽  
Screen Printed

The properties of carbon nano-onions (CNOs) make them attractive electrode materials/additives for the development of low-cost, simple to use and highly sensitive Screen Printed Electrodes (SPEs). Here, we report the development of the first CNO-based ink for the fabrication of low-cost and disposable electrodes, leading to high-performance sensors. Achieving a true dispersion of CNOs is intrinsically challenging and a key aspect of the ink formulation. The screen-printing ink formulation is achieved by carefully selecting and optimising the conductive materials (graphite (GRT) and CNOs), the polymer binder, the organic solvent and the plasticiser. Our CNO/GRT-based screen-printed electrodes consist of an interconnected network of conducting carbon particles with a uniform distribution. Electrochemical studies show a heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant of 1.3 ± 0.7 × 10−3 cm·s−1 and a higher current density than the ferrocene/ferrocenium coupled to a commercial graphite SPEs. In addition, the CNO/GRT SPE can detect dopamine in the concentration range of 10.0–99.9 µM with a limit of detection of 0.92 µM (N = 3). They exhibit a higher analytical sensitivity than the commercial graphite-based SPE, with a 4-fold improvement observed. These results open up the possibility of using high-performing CNO-based SPEs for electrochemical applications including sensors, battery electrodes and electrocatalysis.

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