Hormonally active agents in the environment: a state-of-the-art review

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faizan Anwer ◽  
Savita Chaurasia ◽  
Abid Ali Khan
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Body ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Second World

AbstractAfter the Second World War, infatuation with modern products has exponentially widened the spectrum of chemicals used. Some of them are capable of hijacking the endocrine system by blocking or imitating a hormone and are referred to as hormonally active chemicals or endocrine disruptors. These are chemicals that the body was not designed for evolutionarily and they are present in every matrix of the environment. We are living in a chemical world where the exposures are ubiquitous and take place in combinations that can interact with the endocrine system and some other metabolic activities in unexpected ways. The complexity of interaction of these compounds can be understood by the fact that they interfere with gene expression at extremely low levels, consequently harming an individual life form, its offspring or population. As the endocrine system plays a critical role in many biological or physiological functions, by interfering body’s endocrine system, endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) have various adverse effects on human health, starting from birth defects to developmental disorders, deadly deseases like cancer and even immunological disorders. Most of these compounds have not been tested yet for safety and their effects cannot be assessed by the available techniques. The establishment of proper exposure measurement techniques and integrating correlation is yet to be achieved to completely understand the impacts at various levels of the endocrine axis.

scholarly journals A Tocqueville For the North? André Siegfried and Canada

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
French Canada ◽  
The North ◽  
Vichy Regime ◽  
The Face ◽  
A Site ◽  
French National Identity ◽  
Second World

Abstract This paper argues that André Siegfried’s writings on Canada played a critical role in shaping his vision of French national identity. Siegfried’s studies of Canada have long been praised for their insight, but recent scholarship has emphasized his role in promoting both anti-Americanism and an exclusionary vision of what it meant to be French during the first half of the twentieth century. For Siegfried, Canada represented a site of managed contestation between British and French culture but also an early example of the deleterious effects of Americanization. His problematic view of French Canada as essentially conservative and unchanging in the face of such challenges reinforced his conviction that France itself should remain true to “traditional” values. The exclusionary implications of his ideas were most evident when Siegfried appeared to accommodate himself to the Vichy regime, but they also persisted after the Second World War.

The Body of Extraterritoriality

2019 ◽  
pp. 238-267
Author(s):  
Victor Fan
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
World War ◽  
Hong Kong Cinema ◽  
Second World

This book’s conclusion revisits what extraterritoriality means and the historical journey of different generations of filmmakers and spectators who tried to work through this problem by creating, theorising, defining, and defending Hong Kong cinema, television, and media. The end of the previous chapter suggests that humanism is perhaps the answer to our political impasse. However, the mode of humanism that was widely promulgated by politicians and artists during and immediately after the Second World War (1939–45) had already failed and it turned out to be the beginning of the problematics that have produced the precarious milieu in which we live. This conclusion therefore proposes that we revisit what it means by being human while living with other human beings, by not re-territorialising any place or anybody, but by giving extraterritoriality a presence, a body. It argues that in Hong Kong, Mainland filmmakers who were exiled from their homeland use their films to explore and negotiate the means by which one can reclaim humanity.

scholarly journals Autophagy in the endocrine glands

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. R151-R163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Weckman ◽  
Antonio Di Ieva ◽  
Fabio Rotondo ◽  
Luis V Syro ◽  
Leon D Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
The Body ◽  
Endocrine Glands ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Endocrine Diseases ◽  
Wide Range

Autophagy is an important cellular process involving the degradation of intracellular components. Its regulation is complex and while there are many methods available, there is currently no single effective way of detecting and monitoring autophagy. It has several cellular functions that are conserved throughout the body, as well as a variety of different physiological roles depending on the context of its occurrence in the body. Autophagy is also involved in the pathology of a wide range of diseases. Within the endocrine system, autophagy has both its traditional conserved functions and specific functions. In the endocrine glands, autophagy plays a critical role in controlling intracellular hormone levels. In peptide-secreting cells of glands such as the pituitary gland, crinophagy, a specific form of autophagy, targets the secretory granules to control the levels of stored hormone. In steroid-secreting cells of glands such as the testes and adrenal gland, autophagy targets the steroid-producing organelles. The dysregulation of autophagy in the endocrine glands leads to several different endocrine diseases such as diabetes and infertility. This review aims to clarify the known roles of autophagy in the physiology of the endocrine system, as well as in various endocrine diseases.

Between Rosas and Sarmiento: Notes on Nationalism in Peronist Thought

1983 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-332
Author(s):  
Colin M. Winston
Keyword(s):  
Body Politic ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Body ◽  
World War ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
Italian Fascism ◽  
Instant Replay ◽  
Historical Phenomenon ◽  
Second World

Despite its crucial importance to the development of twentieth century Argentina and the volumes of scholarly, journalistic and partisan exegesis the movement has generated, historians have yet to reach a minimal consensus on the nature of Peronism. In the quarter century since Perón's first fall from power, numerous efforts have been made to explain, glorify or denigrate his regime. Many anti-Peronists have dismissed their bête noire as an unprincipled demagogue, motivated solely by political opportunism and an insatiable desire to retain power. Some supporters of the regime echo its propaganda by picturing Perón as taking the first great strides toward a politically free, economically independent and socially just Argentina. Certain anti-Peronists and a number of foreign commentators grudgingly admit that the movement had political and ideological content, but then label it as an imported fascist interlude, an alien virus that infected the body politic of Argentina just as it neared the end of the long march towards liberal democracy. The London Economist recently described the advent of Peronism as an instant replay of Italian Fascism. “The bulk of his supporters were the lower middle class immigrants who poured into the country from impoverished Italy after the second world war… The new arrivals cheered El Lider as they had cheered Il Duce for two decades. Perón representated the same historical phenomenon as Hitler and Mussolini…”

‘The sweet tang of rape’: Torture, survival and masculinity in Ian Fleming’s Bond novels

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Adams
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Hegemonic Masculinity ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Body ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Upheaval ◽  
Literary Meaning ◽  
Second World ◽  
Scholarly Attention

Little scholarly attention has been paid to the torture scenes in Ian Fleming’s canon of Bond novels and short stories (1953–1966), despite the fact that they represent some of the most potent sites of the negotiations of masculinity, nationhood, violence and the body for which Fleming’s texts are critically renowned. This article is an intersectional feminist reading of Fleming’s canon, which stresses the interpenetrations of homophobia, anticommunism and misogyny that are present in Fleming’s representation of torture. Drawing on close readings of Fleming’s novels and theoretical discussions of heteronormativity, homophobia and national identity, this article argues that Fleming’s representations of torture are sites of literary meaning in which the boundaries of hegemonic masculinity are policed and reinforced. This policing is achieved, this article argues, through the associations of the perpetration of torture with homosexuality and Communism, and the survival of torture with post-imperial British hegemonic masculinity. Fleming’s torture scenes frequently represent set pieces in which Bond must reject or endure the unsolicited intimacy of other men; he must resist their seductions and persuasions and remain ideologically undefiled. Bond’s survival of torture is a metonymy for Britain’s survival of post-Second World War social and political upheaval. Further, the horror of torture, for Fleming, is the horror of a hierarchy of hegemonic masculinity in disarray: Bond’s survival represents the regrounding of normative heterosexual masculinity through the rejection of homosexuality and Communism.

scholarly journals Norwid w poezji współczesnej. Formy obecności

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 Specjalny ◽  
pp. 189-215
Author(s):  
Wojciech Kudyba
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Contemporary Poetry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Collective Consciousness ◽  
World War ◽  
Literary Identity ◽  
Literary Life ◽  
Second World

The article attempts to establish the character of references to Norwid in texts by poets representative of Polish modernity, accounting for functions of intertextual allusions, initially in the area of collective consciousness. As it turns out, during the interwar period and the Second World War works by the Romantic master were referenced at all stages of developing a distinct literary identity. Poets would not just read Norwid’s texts, but in fact regard themselves in the mirror of his works. However, after 1956 Norwid’s presence in literary life was rooted in the needs of literary scholars rather than in actual intertextual references. This tendency also manifests in studies of works by individual authors. It does happen – especially when we speak of implicit traces of Norwid in contemporary poetry – that the plane of relations between authors is not addressed by interpreters. Sometimes, dialogue as a research category disappears from their view, while the body of Norwid’s works is treated merely as a context, becoming a kind of mirror meant to display more fully a certain theme or characteristic of somebody’s writing. However, the most important forms of Norwid’s functioning in contemporary times are ones that facilitate meetings(successfulor not), as demonstrated by the fascination with Norwid’s poetry recognizable in texts by authors such as Mieczysław Jastrun, Julian Przyboś and Tadeusz Różewicz.

scholarly journals The He(A)rt of the Witness: Remembering Australian Prisoners of War in Richard Flanagan’s The Narrow Road to the Deep North

2021 ◽  
pp. 141-161
Author(s):  
Rūta Šlapkauskaitė
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
The Body ◽  
World War ◽  
Bearing Witness ◽  
Narrow Road ◽  
A Site ◽  
Second World

This paper engages Cathy Caruth’s thinking about trauma, Marianne Hirsch’s notion of postmemory, and Giorgio Agamben’s theorising of bearing witness to examine the affective performance of remembering in Richard Flanagan’s novel The Narrow Road to the Deep North. Reading the narrative as a postmemorial account of Japan’s internment of Australian POWs in Burma during the Second World War, I focus on the body as a site of both wounding and witnessing to show how the affective relays between pleasure and pain reanimate the epistemological drama of lived experience and highlight the ambivalence of passion as a trope for both suffering and love. Framed by its intertextual homage to Matsuo Bashō’s poetic masterpiece of the same name, the Australian narrative of survival is shown to emerge from the collapse of the referential certainties underlying the binaries of victim/ victimiser, witness/perpetrator, human/inhuman, and remembering/forgetting. In Flanagan’s ethical imagination, bearing witness calls for a visceral rethinking of historical subjectivity that binds the world to consciousness as a source of both brutality and beauty.

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