Water and wastewater as potential sources of SARS-CoV-2 transmission: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatam Godini ◽  
Edris Hoseinzadeh ◽  
Hooshyar Hossini
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Effective Role ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Definite Statement

Abstract An important group of viruses are Coronaviruses that affect the health of people worldwide, in particular the acute respiratory syndrome. The present work has addressed the updated literature on the topic of coronaviruses transmission through water and wastewater as well as identified gaps in research to inform future studies. In total, 198 articles were selected, then after screening, 48 eligible studies were fully reviewed. Accordingly, the studies showed that the coronavirus has been isolated and identified from water as well as wastewater. The results of researches show that the presence of SARS-Co-2 virus in municipal wastewater is possible due to the excretion of the virus in human feces. In addition, the SARS-Co-2 virus was isolated from contaminated water and rivers, but there is insufficient evidence for virus transmission by water and wastewater. Water and wastewater treatment methods are able to reduce the pollution load caused by this virus in water sources. Water disinfection has an effective role in removing it from water and wastewater sources. Due to the short period of time in the global pandemic and the small number of studies in this field, further studies are needed to make a definite statement about the transferability of virus in water and wastewater.

scholarly journals Desalination of Municipal Wastewater Using Forward Osmosis

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Elorm Obotey Ezugbe ◽  
Emmanuel Kweinor Tetteh ◽  
Sudesh Rathilal ◽  
Dennis Asante-Sackey ◽  
Gloria Amo-Duodu
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Solution Flow ◽  
Draw Solution ◽  
The World ◽  
Water And Wastewater

Membrane technology has gained much ground in water and wastewater treatment over the past couple of decades. This is timely, as the world explores smart, eco-friendly, and cheap water and wastewater treatment technologies in its quest to make potable water and sanitation commonplace in all parts of the world. Against this background, this study investigated forward osmosis (FO) in the removal of salts (chlorides, sulphates, and carbonates) and organics (chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), and color) from a synthetic municipal wastewater (MWW), mimicking secondary-treated industrial wastewater, at very low feed and draw solution flow rates (0.16 and 0.14 L/min respectively), using 70 g/L NaCl solution as the draw solution. The results obtained showed an average of 97.67% rejection of SO42− and CO32− while Cl− was found to enrich the feed solution (FS). An average removal of 88.92% was achieved for the organics. A permeation flux of 5.06 L/m2.h was obtained. The kinetics of the ions transport was studied, and was found to fit the second-order kinetic model, with Pearson’s R-values of 0.998 and 0.974 for Cl− and CO32− respectively. The study proves FO as a potential technology to desalinate saline MWW.

scholarly journals Assessment of the potential of duckweed (Lemna minor L.) in treating lead-contaminated water through phytoremediation in stationary and recirculated set-ups

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 977-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanel Jane A Ubuza ◽  
Palcon Cres S Padero ◽  
Charie May N Nacalaban ◽  
Jasmin T Tolentino ◽  
Dominick C Alcoran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Set Up

The problems of heavy metal contamination in water have become alarming and necessitate efficient remediation. However, conventional water and wastewater treatment techniques are considered costly, and some are even not environment-friendly. These problems trigger the idea of utilizing plants in the treatment process of metal-contaminated water. The current work investigated the potential of duckweed (<i>Lemna minor L.</i>) in treating lead-contaminated water through phytoremediation. The duckweed was used as bioaccumulator of lead (Pb) in the prepared stationary and recirculated set-ups at 3, 6, and 9 d. The physicochemical characteristics such as pH, BOD5, DO, turbidity, and temperature of the influent and effluent were compared. The highest bioaccumulation of 62.8% was achieved at 3 d in the recirculated set-up. The result of the analysis showed that duckweed has the potential in phytoremediation considering better quality effluent. The concentration of Pb in the effluent of 0.93 mg/L in the recirculated set-up with duckweed in 3 d was much lower compared to the initial concentration in the influent at 2.5 mg/L. This study demonstrated that duckweed could be a suitable plant for Pb removal from water with big implications in remediating heavy metal-contaminated water from various industries.

scholarly journals Online Total Organic Carbon (TOC) monitoring for water and wastewater treatment plants processes and operations optimization

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céline Assmann ◽  
Amanda Scott ◽  
Dondra Biller
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Process Control ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Treatment Quality ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water And Wastewater

Abstract. Organic measurements, such as biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were developed decades ago in order to measure organics in water. Today, these time-consuming measurements are still used as parameters to check the water treatment quality; however, the time required to generate a result, ranging from hours to days, does not allow COD or BOD to be useful process control parameters. Online Organic Carbon Monitoring allows for effective process control because results are generated every few minutes. Though it does not replace BOD or COD measurements still required for compliance reporting, it drives smart, data-driven and rapid decision-making to improve process control and optimization or meet compliances. Thanks to the smart interpretation of generated data and the capability to now take real-time actions, municipal drinking water and wastewater treatment facility operators can positively impact their OPEX efficiencies and their capabilities to meet regulatory requirements. This paper describes how three municipal wastewater and drinking water plants gained process insights, and determined optimization opportunities thanks to the implementation of online TOC monitoring.

scholarly journals Online total organic carbon (TOC) monitoring for water and wastewater treatment plants processes and operations optimization

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céline Assmann ◽  
Amanda Scott ◽  
Dondra Biller
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Process Control ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Treatment Quality ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water And Wastewater

Abstract. Organic measurements, such as biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were developed decades ago in order to measure organics in water. Today, these time-consuming measurements are still used as parameters to check the water treatment quality; however, the time required to generate a result, ranging from hours to days, does not allow COD or BOD to be useful process control parameters – see (1) Standard Method 5210 B; 5-day BOD Test, 1997, and (2) ASTM D1252; COD Test, 2012. Online organic carbon monitoring allows for effective process control because results are generated every few minutes. Though it does not replace BOD or COD measurements still required for compliance reporting, it allows for smart, data-driven and rapid decision-making to improve process control and optimization or meet compliances. Thanks to the smart interpretation of generated data and the capability to now take real-time actions, municipal drinking water and wastewater treatment facility operators can positively impact their OPEX (operational expenditure) efficiencies and their capabilities to meet regulatory requirements. This paper describes how three municipal wastewater and drinking water plants gained process insights, and determined optimization opportunities thanks to the implementation of online total organic carbon (TOC) monitoring.

Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment VIII

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (0) ◽  
pp. 9781780402840-9781780402840
Author(s):  
H. Hahn ◽  
E. Hoffman ◽  
H. Odegaard
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Chemical Water

Nanofiltration of endocrine disrupting compounds

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 321-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gallenkemper ◽  
T. Wintgens ◽  
T. Melin
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Set Up

Endocrine disrupting compounds can affect the hormone system in organisms. A wide range of endocrine disrupters were found in sewage and effluents of municipal wastewater treatment plants. Toxicological evaluations indicate that conventional wastewater treatment plants are not able to remove these substances sufficiently before disposing effluent into the environment. Membrane technology, which is proving to be an effective barrier to these substances, is the subject of this research. Nanofiltration provides high quality permeates in water and wastewater treatment. Eleven different nanofiltration membranes were tested in the laboratory set-up. The observed retention for nonylphenol (NP) and bisphenol A (BPA) ranged between 70% and 100%. The contact angle is an indicator for the hydrophobicity of a membrane, whose influence on the permeability and retention of NP was evident. The retention of BPA was found to be inversely proportional to the membrane permeability.

Water and Wastewater Treatment for a Small Island Resort

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Rigden
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Rotating Biological Contactor ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Operational Data ◽  
Reverse Osmosis Desalination

The design of a reverse osmosis desalination unit and a rotating biological contactor for water and wastewater treatment for a small island resort is described. Some operational data are presented and recommendations for design flows and loadings are made.

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