scholarly journals Some aspects of the occurrence and behaviour of the crane Grus grus in Poland in light of pre-investment wind-farm monitoring

The Ring ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-23
Author(s):  
Przemysław Busse
Keyword(s):  
Wind Farm ◽  
Evaluation Methodology ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
Baltic Coast ◽  
Monitoring Procedure ◽  
Grus Grus ◽  
Common Crane ◽  
Investment Monitoring ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Evaluation Of Data

Abstract Ornithological pre-investment monitoring at planned wind farm sites is a standard and obligatory procedure in Poland and other EU countries. Pre-investment wind farm monitoring has a very important ‘side effect’ to its main goal (the safety of bird populations), namely the collection of valuable avifaunistic data from many localities that most probably would never be studied if not for the obligation to prepare environmental reports when wind energy investments are planned. The main aim of this paper is to show what we can learn from obligatory pre-investment monitoring when the standard field monitoring procedure and unified evaluation methodology are used. As an example the Common Crane Grus grus was selected, as a bird listed in Annex 1 of Directive 2009/147/EC and easy to identify and count. The data were collected at 155 controlled monitoring sites all over Poland, but mainly along the Baltic coast and in the Masurian Lake District. The methodology of the data collection and evaluation of results was strictly according to a paper by Busse (2013). The presentation of the results includes the numerical distribution of cranes in all seasons and some details of their behaviour - observations of birds on the ground and those using the air space: below the future rotor swept area of the wind turbines, at the rotor swept height, and flying above it. The estimated collision rates vary depending on the area, season and local heights of movements. It was concluded that such an evaluation of data already collected could be helpful in evaluating a particular site in comparison with other, previously studied localities.

scholarly journals Analysis of offshore wind farm located on Baltic Sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 01049
Author(s):  
Anna Sobotka ◽  
Kajetan Chmielewski ◽  
Marcin Rowicki ◽  
Justyna Dudzińska ◽  
Przemysław Janiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Union Policy ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Wind Measurements ◽  
The Baltic

Poland is currently at the beginning of the energy transformation. Nowadays, most of the electricity generated in Poland comes from coal combustion. However, in accordance to the European Union policy of reducing the emission of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, there are already plans to switch to low-emission energy sources in Poland, one of which are offshore wind farms. The article presents the current regulatory environment of the offshore wind energy in Poland, along with a reference to Polish and European decarbonisation plans. In the further part of the article, the methods of determining the kinetic energy of wind and the power curve of a wind turbine are discussed. Then, on the basis of historical data of wind speeds collected in the area of the Baltic Sea, calculations are carried out leading to obtain statistical distributions of power that could be generated by an exemplary wind farm with a power capacity of 400 MW, located at the place of wind measurements. On their basis, statistical differences in the wind power generation between years, months of the year and hours of the day are analysed.

scholarly journals Ships and their timber source as indicators of connections between regions

AmS-Skrifter ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 133-143
Author(s):  
Aoife Daly
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
Baltic Coast ◽  
Art Objects ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
North And South ◽  
North Western

The precise dating and determination of the source of timbers in shipwrecks found around the coasts of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea, through dendrochronology allows us to see connections between north and  south, east and west throughout the region and to a high chronological precision. In this paper we take a look at results of recent analyses of timber from ships, and timber and barrel cargoes, to try to draw a chronological picture, from the twelfth to seventeenth centuries, of links between regions, through transport in oak ships and trade of timber. Archaeological finds of oak from timber cargos in shipwrecks and fine art objects (painted panels and sculpture) show the extent to which timber was shipped from Hanseatic towns along the southern Baltic coast, to western and north-western Europe.

scholarly journals Constant and seasonal drivers of bird communities in a wind farm: implications for conservation

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzanna M. Rosin ◽  
Piotr Skórka ◽  
Paweł Szymański ◽  
Marcin Tobolka ◽  
Andrzej Luczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Environmental Planning ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Bird Populations

Background.One of the most difficult challenges for conservation biology is to reconcile growing human demands for resources with the rising need for protecting nature. Wind farms producing renewable energy have been recognised to be a threat for birds, but clear directives for environmental planning are still missing.Methods.Point counts were performed to study the relationship between eight environmental variables and bird populations in different parts of a year on the largest Polish wind farm between March 2011 and February 2013. Variables potentially related to species richness (Chao 1 estimator) and the abundance of the entire bird community as well as five selected farmland species were analysed with the use of generalized linear mixed models.Results.Some associations between the studied variables and bird populations were season/year specific, while others had a constant direction (positive or negative) across seasons and/or years. The latter were distance to the nearest turbine, field size, number of wind turbines, proximity of settlements and water bodies. Spatial autocorrelation and counting time were significantly correlated with bird population estimates but the directions of these relationships varied among seasons and years. Associations between abundance of individual species and environmental variables were species-specific.Conclusions.The results demonstrated a constant negative relationship between wind turbine proximity and bird numbers. Other environmental variables, such as field size, proximity of settlements and water bodies that also had constant associations with bird populations across seasons may be taken into account when minimizing adverse effects of wind farm development on birds or choosing optimal locations of new turbines.

Evaluation of enteromicroflora of common crane (Grus grus) as a potential reservoir of bacterial antimicrobial resistance

Biologia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ľudmila Hamarová ◽  
Matej Repel ◽  
Peter Javorský ◽  
Peter Pristaš
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
Grus Grus ◽  
Common Crane ◽  
The Common

AbstractMigratory birds could be important vectors of pathogenic bacteria and antimicrobial resistance transmissions over long distances. The common crane (

scholarly journals Density dependence and marine bird populations: are wind farm assessments precautionary?

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 1406-1414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cat Horswill ◽  
Susan H. O'Brien ◽  
Robert A. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Density Dependence ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Marine Bird ◽  
Bird Populations

The Origin of Isolated Populations of the Mountain Weevil, Liparus glabrirostris—The Flagship Species for Riparian Habitats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Lachowska-Cierlik ◽  
Krzysztof Zając ◽  
Miłosz A Mazur ◽  
Arkadiusz Sikora ◽  
Daniel Kubisz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
Species Range ◽  
Flagship Species ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
The Carpathians ◽  
The North ◽  
Baltic Coast ◽  
Riparian Habitats ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract Liparus glabrirostris is one of the largest European weevils, and it has been recently proposed as the flagship species for threatened riparian habitats in the mountains. For effective conservation of its populations (and associated habitats), it is crucial to understand its history, contemporary distribution, genetic diversity and predict changes in the range, including its highly isolated populations on the Baltic coast. Here, we examined numerous populations of L. glabrirostris across almost the entire species range using phylogeography and species niche modeling (SNM) approaches. Analyses of mtDNA and nucDNA markers revealed the existence of 2 major mitochondrial lineages generally separated between 1) the Alpine region and 2) the Bohemian Massif, the Carpathians, and the Baltic coast areas. Genetic diversity in nuclear genes was more complicated with no clear division between populations. The origin of Baltic populations was derived from the Carpathians, but there were probably multiple expansion events to the north. SNM suggested the existence of glacial refugia for L. glabrirostris, mainly in the Alps and the Southern Carpathians. Current predictions of species range were found to be generally congruent with zoogeographic data; however, the Baltic coast was not really supported as a suitable area for L. glabrirostris. An important prediction of future distribution (2050–2070 CE) suggests a shrinkage of the L. glabrirostris range and extinction of some of its populations (particularly those isolated on lower altitudes). Based on the aforementioned data, proposals for the protection of this species are proposed, including the designation of several evolutionary units of conservation importance.

scholarly journals Two rare halophyte species: Aster tripolium L. and Plantago maritima L. on the Baltic coast in Poland – their resources, distribution and implications for conservation management

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Lazarus ◽  
Katarzyna Wszałek-Rożek
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Aster Tripolium ◽  
Baltic Coast ◽  
Resources Distribution ◽  
Present Distribution ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract The paper presents the results of geobotanical studies on the distribution and resources of Aster tripolium L. and Plantago maritima L, two rare halophytes in Poland. The research was conducted in northern Poland, along the Baltic coast in 2013. The present distribution of the two species was compared with historical data and general trends of and threats to these two species were examined. In total, 33 sites of A. tripolium and 18 of P. maritima were found in the research area. The resources of both species have been perceptibly depleting during last 150 years, which is mostly due to human agencies (e.g. habitat devastation caused by growing urban areas and the change in management and/or habitat condition). In order to preserve both species, it may be necessary to start an ex situ conservation program.

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