scholarly journals Cytokines in inflammatory bowel disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Al.C. Moldoveanu ◽  
M. Diculescu ◽  
Carmen Fierbinţeanu Braticevici
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Future Therapy

Abstract Inflammatory bowel diseases are chronic afflictions, characterized by active and remission periods. Inflammation is the most common type of response that the human body uses as a defense mechanism against aggressors from the environment. The frequency and degree of inflammation depends on the size of the affected tissues. The gastrointestinal tract is, by far, the most susceptible tissue to inflammatory responses, because of its constant exposure to various antigenic, mutagenic and toxic factors. In inflammatory bowel diseases there is a loss of immune tolerance to intestinal flora that is mediated by various substances, including cytokines. Cytokines represent a key signal in the intestinal immune response. Activated dendritic cells and macrophages secrete cytokines that actively intervene in inflammation regulation, in both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. After their secretion by antigen presented cells, cytokines activate and differentiate T cells, stirring up the adaptive immune response. Cytokines have an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases. The identification of new cytokines, as well as the changing of the pathogenesis paradigms in inflammatory bowel diseases has been done on animal tests and clinical studies. Thus, there is promising evidence basis for future therapy research based on cytokines, and anti-cytokine antibodies.

The role of macrophages in inflammatory bowel diseases

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrid E.M. Heinsbroek ◽  
Siamon Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intestinal Immunity ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Intestinal Macrophage ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

The small and large intestine contain the largest number of macrophages in the body and these cells are strategically located directly underneath the epithelial layer, enabling them to sample the lumen. Such intestinal macrophages have a different phenotype from other tissue macrophages in that they ingest and may kill microbes but they do not mediate strong pro-inflammatory responses upon microbial recognition. These properties are essential for maintaining a healthy intestine. It is generally accepted that tolerance to the intestinal flora is lost in inflammatory bowel diseases, and genes involved in microbial recognition, killing and macrophage activation have already been associated with these diseases. In this review, we shed light on the intestinal macrophage and how it influences intestinal immunity.

scholarly journals The role of epigenetic modifications for the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hornschuh ◽  
E. Wirthgen ◽  
M. Wolfien ◽  
K. P. Singh ◽  
O. Wolkenhauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
New Biomarkers ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Specific Evaluation

AbstractEpigenetics has become a promising field for finding new biomarkers and improving diagnosis, prognosis, and drug response in inflammatory bowel disease. The number of people suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases, especially Crohn's disease, has increased remarkably. Crohn's disease is assumed to be the result of a complex interplay between genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, and altered intestinal microbiota, leading to dysregulation of the innate and adaptive immune response. While many genetic variants have been identified to be associated with Crohn's disease, less is known about the influence of epigenetics in the pathogenesis of this disease. In this review, we provide an overview of current epigenetic studies in Crohn's disease. In particular, we enable a deeper insight into applied bioanalytical and computational tools, as well as a comprehensive update toward the cell-specific evaluation of DNA methylation and histone modifications.

Factors Affecting Initial Humoral Immune Response to SARS-Cov-2 Vaccines among Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Kappelman ◽  
Kimberly N. Weaver ◽  
Xian Zhang ◽  
Xiangfeng Dai ◽  
Runa Watkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

scholarly journals Dysbiosis in the Pathogenesis of Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatella Comito ◽  
Claudio Romano
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Bacterial Killing ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Pediatric Ibd

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract that occur in genetically susceptible individuals. Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are two major types of IBD. In about 20–25% of patients, disease onset is during childhood and pediatric IBD can be considered the best model for studying immunopathogentic mechanisms. The fundamentals of IBD pathogenesis are considered a defective innate immunity and bacterial killing with overaggressive adaptive immune response. A condition of “dysbiosis”, with alterations of the gut microbial composition, is regarded as the basis of IBD pathogenesis. The human gastrointestinal (GI) microbial population is a complex, dynamic ecosystem and consists of up to one thousand different bacterial species. In healthy individuals, intestinal microbiota have a symbiotic relationship with the host organism and carry out important metabolic, “barrier,” and immune functions. Microbial dysbiosis in IBD with lack of beneficial bacteria, together with genetic predisposition, is the most relevant conditions in the pathogenesis of the pediatric IBD.

Probiotics and bowel inflammation

2006 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

In a nutshellInflammatory bowel diseases can involve problems in the development of the gut's immune response. A healthy bowel flora plays an important role in this development, for example through effects on cytokines.Clinical trials of probiotics for IBD have been predominantly positive for ulcerative colitis and pouchitis, less so for Crohn's disease. So far probiotics appear to be a notably safe therapy, although some theoretical safety issues need to be borne in mind.

scholarly journals Campylobacter concisus

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (09) ◽  
pp. 1216-1221
Author(s):  
Biljana Miljković-Selimović ◽  
Tatjana Babić ◽  
Branislava Kocić ◽  
Ema Aleksić ◽  
Adam Malešević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Etiological Agent ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Campylobacter Concisus ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Campylobacter concisus has been described as the etiological agent of periodontal disease, inflammatory bowel diseases, and enterocolitis. It is also detected in healthy individuals. There are differences between strains in healthy individuals and affected ones by production of two exototoxins. In this mini review authors discuss major facts about cultivation, isolation, virulence and immune response to C. concisus.

scholarly journals Decreased Immune Response to COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Treated with Anti TNFα

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadar Edelman-Klapper ◽  
Eran Zittan ◽  
Ariella Bar-Gil Shitrit ◽  
Keren Masha Rabinowitz ◽  
Idan Goren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Drug Levels ◽  
Vaccine Responses ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Vaccine Booster ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Administration Timing

Background: Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), specifically those treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α biologics are at high risk for vaccine preventable infections. Their ability to mount adequate vaccine responses is unclear. Aim: to assess immune responses to mRNA-COVID-19 vaccine, and safety profile, in patients with IBD stratified according to therapy, compared to healthy controls (HC). Methods: Prospective, controlled, multi-center Israeli study. Subjects enrolled received two BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) doses. Anti-spike (S) antibodies levels and functional activity, anti-TNFα levels and adverse events (AEs) were detected longitudinaly. Results: Overall 258 subjects: 185 IBD (67 treated with anti-TNFα), and 73 HC. After the first vaccine dose all HC were seropositive, while some patients with IBD, regardless of treatment, remained seronegative. After the second dose all subjects were seropositive, however anti-S levels were significantly lower in anti-TNFα treated compared to untreated patients, and HC (p<0.001; p<0.001, respectively). Neutralizing and inhibitory functions were both lower in anti-TNFα treated compared to untreated patients, and HC (p<0.03; p<0.0001, respectively). Anti-TNFα drug levels and vaccine responses did not affect anti-S levels. Infection rate (~2%) and AEs were comparable in all groups. IBD activity did not change in response to BNT162b2. Conclusions: In this prospective study in patients with IBD stratified according to treatment all patients mounted an immune response to two doses of BNT162b2. However, its magnitude was significantly lower in patients treated with anti-TNFα, regardless of administration timing and drug levels. Vaccine was safe. As vaccine immune response longevity in this group may be limited, vaccine booster dose should be considered.

Immune response to hepatitis B vaccination among people with inflammatory bowel diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Vaccine ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (20) ◽  
pp. 2633-2641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-yin Jiang ◽  
Shu-yin Wang ◽  
Min Deng ◽  
Yu-chuan Li ◽  
Zong-xin Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

scholarly journals T Lymphocyte Dynamics in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Role of the Microbiome

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Larmonier ◽  
K. W. Shehab ◽  
F. K. Ghishan ◽  
P. R. Kiela
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
System Development ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Immune System Development ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Humans have coevolved with a complex community of bacterial species also referred to as the microbiome, which reciprocally provides critical contributions to human metabolism and immune system development. Gut microbiome composition differs significantly between individuals depending on host genetics, diet, and environmental factors. A dysregulation of the symbiotic nature of the intestinal host-microbial relationship and an aberrant and persistent immune response are the fundamental processes involved in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Considering the essential role of T cells in IBD and the contributing role of the microbiome in shaping the immune response during the pathogenesis of IBD, this review focuses on the complex relationship, interplay, and communication between the gut microbiome and T cells, including their differentiation into different subsets of effector or regulatory cells.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document