scholarly journals Estimation of measurement uncertainty for determination of sulphate content in cement by an alternative approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-168
Author(s):  
Lina Završnik ◽  
Sabina Kramar
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Uncertainty ◽  
Proficiency Testing ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Sulphate Attack ◽  
Sulphate Content ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Testing Data ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Laboratory Component

Abstract The precise and accurate determination of sulphate levels in cement is of utmost importance due to the potential occurrence of internal sulphate attack in concrete, which affects the latter’s durability, and thus, also the safety of concrete constructions. The estimated measurement uncertainty provides a level of confidence in the experimental results, and enables the comparison of data, both between different laboratories and between different methods. This paper presents an alternative approach to the estimation of measurement uncertainty in the determination of sulphate in cement, based on the use of proficiency testing data. The calculations used in this procedure refer to the estimation of reproducibility within-laboratory component of the analysis of control samples, as well as of the bias component of sulphate content data for different types of Portland cement derived from several proficiency testing trials.

scholarly journals Measurement Uncertainties Encountered During Gas Turbine Driven Compressor Field Testing

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Brun ◽  
Rainer Kurz
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Uncertainty ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Equations Of State ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Significant Implication ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Measurement Uncertainties

Field testing of gas turbine compressor packages requires the accurate determination of efficiency, capacity, head, power and fuel flow in sometimes less than ideal working environments. Nonetheless, field test results have significant implication for the compressor and gas turbine manufacturers and their customers. Economic considerations demand that the performance and efficiency of an installation are verified to assure a project’s return on investment. Thus, for the compressor and gas turbine manufacturers, as well as for the end-user, an accurate determination of the field performance is of vital interest. This paper describes an analytic method to predict the measurement uncertainty and, thus, the accuracy, of field test results for gas turbine driven compressors. Namely, a method is presented which can be employed to verify the validity of field test performance results. The equations governing the compressor and gas turbine performance uncertainties are rigorously derived and results are numerically compared to actual field test data. Typical field test measurement uncertainties are presented for different sets of instrumentation. Test parameters that correlate to the most significant influence on the performance uncertainties are identified and suggestions are provided on how to minimize their measurement errors. The effect of different equations of state on the calculated performance is also discussed. Results show that compressor efficiency uncertainties can be unacceptably high when some basic rules for accurate testing are violated. However, by following some simple measurement rules and maintaining commonality of the gas equations of state, the overall compressor package performance measurement uncertainty can be limited and meaningful results can be achieved.

On Test Uncertainties in Field Performance Tests

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Kurz ◽  
Klaus Brun
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Uncertainty ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Equations Of State ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Significant Implication ◽  
Test Results

Field testing of gas turbine or electric motor driven compressor packages requires the accurate determination of efficiency, capacity, head, or power consumption in sometimes less than ideal working environments. Nonetheless, field test results have significant implication for the compressor and gas turbine manufacturers and their customers. Economic considerations demand that the performance and efficiency of an installation are verified to assure the return on investment for the project. Thus, for the compressor and gas turbine manufacturers, as well as for the end-user, an accurate determination of the field performance is of vital interest. This paper discusses a method to determine the measurement uncertainty and, thus, the accuracy, of test results under the typical constraints of a site performance test, for compressors capable of variable speed operation. Namely, a method is presented which can be employed to verify the validity of field test performance results. Results are compared with actual field test results, using redundant methods. Typical field test measurement uncertainties are presented for different sets of instrumentation. The effect of different equations of state on the calculated performance is also discussed. Test parameters that correlate to the most significant influence on the performance uncertainties are identified and suggestions are provided on how to minimize their measurement errors. Results show that compressor efficiency uncertainties can be unacceptably high when some basic rules for accurate testing are violated. However, by following some simple measurement rules and maintaining commonality of the gas equations of state, the overall compressor package performance measurement uncertainty can be limited and meaningful results can be achieved.

Measurement Uncertainties Encountered During Gas Turbine Driven Compressor Field Testing

2000 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Brun ◽  
R. Kurz
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Uncertainty ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Equations Of State ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Significant Implication ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Measurement Uncertainties

Field testing of gas turbine compressor packages requires the accurate determination of efficiency, capacity, head, power and fuel flow in sometimes less than ideal working environments. Nonetheless, field test results have significant implication for the compressor and gas turbine manufacturers and their customers. Economic considerations demand that the performance and efficiency of an installation are verified to assure a project?s return on investment. Thus, for the compressor and gas turbine manufacturers, as well as for the end-user, an accurate determination of the field performance is of vital interest. This paper describes an analytic method to predict the measurement uncertainty and, thus, the accuracy, of field test results for gas turbine driven compressors. Namely, a method is presented which can be employed to verify the validity of field test performance results. The equations governing the compressor and gas turbine performance uncertainties are rigorously derived and results are numerically compared to actual field test data. Typical field test measurement uncertainties are presented for different sets of instrumentation. Test parameters that correlate to the most significant influence on the performance uncertainties are identified and suggestions are provided on how to minimize their measurement errors. The effect of different equations of state on the calculated performance is also discussed. Results show that compressor efficiency uncertainties can be unacceptably high when some basic rules for accurate testing are violated. However, by following some simple measurement rules and maintaining commonality of the gas equations of state, the overall compressor package performance measurement uncertainty can be limited and meaningful results can be achieved.

scholarly journals Role of supplementary cementing materials on reducing damage due to internal sulphate attack in concrete

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmy Xu
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Ion Mobility ◽  
Sulphate Attack ◽  
Sulphate Content ◽  
Supplementary Cementing Materials ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Reactive Alumina

The effect of supplementary cementing materials (SCM) on internal sulphate attack in mortars was evaluated. Different types and levels of SCM were investigated where a mixture of hemihydrate and calcium carbonate fillers were used in the mixtures as a source of sulphate and carbonate, respectively. In addition, mixtures containing aggregates with high sulphate content were also examined to understand the role of sulphate from aggregate on the expansion. It has been found that the internal sulphate attack can be reduced through the use of SCM with high reactive alumina such as Metakaolin. It was hypothesised that the beneficial effect of Metakaolin lies in its ability to reduce ion mobility within the matrix, and perhaps raise the alumina/sulphur in the system favoring the formation of non-expansive monosulphoaluminate. However, at high levels of sulphate, none of the SCM provided successful protection against internal sulphate attack.

Expanded measurement uncertainty of soil parameters derived from proficiency-testing data

2007 ◽  
Vol 170 (6) ◽  
pp. 722-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Munzert ◽  
Günter Kießling ◽  
Walter Übelhör ◽  
Ludwig Nätscher ◽  
Karl-Heinz Neubert
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Uncertainty ◽  
Proficiency Testing ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Testing Data

scholarly journals Estimation of Measurement Uncertainty for Aerobic Plate Counts from Proficiency Testing Data

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-162
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki TANAKA ◽  
Tadashi TSUCHIYA ◽  
Yukio OHSHIMA ◽  
Tatsuya SUZUKI ◽  
Yukiko HARA-KUDO
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Uncertainty ◽  
Proficiency Testing ◽  
Testing Data ◽  
Plate Counts

scholarly journals Dalgıç Tip Atık Su Pompalarının Karakteristiklerinin Belirlenmesine Yönelik Test Sistemi Tasarımı

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 475
Author(s):  
Ali Yavuz Şeflek
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Centrifugal Pump ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Output Data ◽  
Pump Design ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Agricultural Plants ◽  
Water Pumps

In this study; Design and production of a fixed testing platform is made for determining characteristics properties of submersible type waste water pumps that requires between 3 - 22 kW energy. Submersible waste water pumps are used for agricultural plants (for transporting liquid animal fertilizer etc.), drain aging of waste water in bridges and underpasses and other industrial applications. Accurate determination of pump performances in pump manufacturing directly affects the improvement and development of R & D activities For this aim, this study was carried out in a firm which operates in Konya industry and produces different types of pumps. The test stand has been designed and manufactured in 3 different lines as DN 80, DN 125 and DN 150 standard pipe diameters according to TS 12599 standard and centrifugal pump design principles. At the end of the pump tests, the system creates the pump characteristic curves and gives the output data to the user.

scholarly journals Apis mellifera pollen loads to understand the pollen foraging pattern used for apicultural practice in a potentially agricultural belt in Bengal, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tripti Nandi ◽  
Prakash Karmakar
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Plant Family ◽  
Pollen Loads ◽  
Pollen Types ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Foraging Pattern

For accurate determination of polleniferous taxa vis-a-vis floral fidelity of Apis mellifera L. in North 24 Pargana, West Bengal, we carried out pollen analyses of individual corbicular pollen loads collected from four apiaries during 2015-2016. Among the 2 434 analyzed loads, 72.97 % were unifloral type, 19.0 % bifloral and 8.10 % were multifloral in pollen composition. We identified 43 different types of palynomorphs belonged to 28 botanical families. Major polleniferous plant species include: Alangium salviifolium, Borassus flabellifer, Brassica nigra, Coriandrum sativum, Croton bonplandianum, Cyanotis axillaris, Luffa cylindrica, Neolamarckia cadamba, Phoenix sylvestris, Poa gangetica, Sesamum indicum and Trema orientalis. Among them, T. orientalis is newly reported from West Bengal especially during June to August (monsoon season). The plant family provided maximum number of loads was Arecaceae (20.91 %), followed by Brassicaceae (16.2 %), Poaceae (6.70 %), Pedaliaceae (6.38 %), Apiaceae (6.16 %) and Fabaceae (5.38 %). Month wise highest number of pollen diversity were obtained during March (13 pollen types) and a minimum of 6 types in November. The present investigation will help the beekeepers to maintain their hives in the region for sustainable apicultural practices.

scholarly journals Role of supplementary cementing materials on reducing damage due to internal sulphate attack in concrete

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmy Xu
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Ion Mobility ◽  
Sulphate Attack ◽  
Sulphate Content ◽  
Supplementary Cementing Materials ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Reactive Alumina

The effect of supplementary cementing materials (SCM) on internal sulphate attack in mortars was evaluated. Different types and levels of SCM were investigated where a mixture of hemihydrate and calcium carbonate fillers were used in the mixtures as a source of sulphate and carbonate, respectively. In addition, mixtures containing aggregates with high sulphate content were also examined to understand the role of sulphate from aggregate on the expansion. It has been found that the internal sulphate attack can be reduced through the use of SCM with high reactive alumina such as Metakaolin. It was hypothesised that the beneficial effect of Metakaolin lies in its ability to reduce ion mobility within the matrix, and perhaps raise the alumina/sulphur in the system favoring the formation of non-expansive monosulphoaluminate. However, at high levels of sulphate, none of the SCM provided successful protection against internal sulphate attack.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document