scholarly journals Dalgıç Tip Atık Su Pompalarının Karakteristiklerinin Belirlenmesine Yönelik Test Sistemi Tasarımı

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 475
Author(s):  
Ali Yavuz Şeflek
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Centrifugal Pump ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Output Data ◽  
Pump Design ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Agricultural Plants ◽  
Water Pumps

In this study; Design and production of a fixed testing platform is made for determining characteristics properties of submersible type waste water pumps that requires between 3 - 22 kW energy. Submersible waste water pumps are used for agricultural plants (for transporting liquid animal fertilizer etc.), drain aging of waste water in bridges and underpasses and other industrial applications. Accurate determination of pump performances in pump manufacturing directly affects the improvement and development of R & D activities For this aim, this study was carried out in a firm which operates in Konya industry and produces different types of pumps. The test stand has been designed and manufactured in 3 different lines as DN 80, DN 125 and DN 150 standard pipe diameters according to TS 12599 standard and centrifugal pump design principles. At the end of the pump tests, the system creates the pump characteristic curves and gives the output data to the user.

scholarly journals Estimation of measurement uncertainty for determination of sulphate content in cement by an alternative approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-168
Author(s):  
Lina Završnik ◽  
Sabina Kramar
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Uncertainty ◽  
Proficiency Testing ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Sulphate Attack ◽  
Sulphate Content ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Testing Data ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Laboratory Component

Abstract The precise and accurate determination of sulphate levels in cement is of utmost importance due to the potential occurrence of internal sulphate attack in concrete, which affects the latter’s durability, and thus, also the safety of concrete constructions. The estimated measurement uncertainty provides a level of confidence in the experimental results, and enables the comparison of data, both between different laboratories and between different methods. This paper presents an alternative approach to the estimation of measurement uncertainty in the determination of sulphate in cement, based on the use of proficiency testing data. The calculations used in this procedure refer to the estimation of reproducibility within-laboratory component of the analysis of control samples, as well as of the bias component of sulphate content data for different types of Portland cement derived from several proficiency testing trials.

Determination of Critical Temperature of Compressed Non-Asbestos Fiber Sheet Gaskets

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos F. A. Cipolatti ◽  
Ana M. F. de Sousa ◽  
Jose´ C. C. Veiga
Keyword(s):  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
End Users ◽  
Leak Rate ◽  
Asbestos Fiber ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Fiber Sheet ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

Temperature and pressure limits of compressed non-asbestos gaskets have always been of interest to end users, as well as the gasket industry. Since flanges up to class 300 cover the majority of industrial applications of compressed fiber gaskets, a proposed procedure has been developed to clearly document the effect that temperature has on leak rate of the gasket at the maximum internal flange pressure. Different types of non-asbestos compressed gaskets were tested and results showed that for each material, there is a critical temperature after which leakage increases significantly.

Paper 1: Pump Intake Design Investigations

1967 ◽  
Vol 182 (13) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. S. Paterson ◽  
G. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Pump ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Pump Design ◽  
Improve Efficiency ◽  
Circulating Water ◽  
Model Size ◽  
Water Pumps ◽  
Flow Velocities

Centrifugal pump design has reached the stage where to improve efficiency much research is necessary for limited returns, whereas the application of model techniques to the design of pumping systems in general and pump intakes in particular can yield immediate and manifold savings. Test rig requirements and test techniques applicable to pump intake models are described, and limitations regarding model size and flow velocities are discussed in relation to scale effects. Cumulative results to date on typical intakes for large circulating water pumps are summarized and design trends are assessed.

scholarly journals Direct determination of amorphous number density from the reduced Pair Distribution Function

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios S.E. Antipas ◽  
Konstantinos Karalis
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Function ◽  
Pair Distribution Function ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Porous Solids ◽  
True Density ◽  
Skeletal Density ◽  
Formidable Challenge

The inference of amorphous bulk density, while straightforward for nonporous, soluble materials, may present a formidable challenge in some of the most important classes of industrial applications, involving melts, porous solids, and non-soluble organic pharmaceuticals, with varied implications depending on the material’s level of technological interest. Within nanotechnology and the life sciences in particular, accurate determination of amorphous true density is a frequent requirement and a regular puzzle, when, e.g., neither the Archimedean principle nor gas pycnometry may be applied, the former being only applicable to insoluble compounds, while the latter yielding skeletal density – an overestimate of true density to the extent of blind pores – and its efficiency is affected by the choice of the gas medium. In these cases, it is feasible to infer amorphous density from diffraction experiments through the use of the reduced Pair Distribution Function (PDF). Although an estimate of crystalline density has been known to be possible via the PDF shape, here we outline a new method extending this facility to include the estimation of amorphous density.

scholarly journals Apis mellifera pollen loads to understand the pollen foraging pattern used for apicultural practice in a potentially agricultural belt in Bengal, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tripti Nandi ◽  
Prakash Karmakar
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Plant Family ◽  
Pollen Loads ◽  
Pollen Types ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Foraging Pattern

For accurate determination of polleniferous taxa vis-a-vis floral fidelity of Apis mellifera L. in North 24 Pargana, West Bengal, we carried out pollen analyses of individual corbicular pollen loads collected from four apiaries during 2015-2016. Among the 2 434 analyzed loads, 72.97 % were unifloral type, 19.0 % bifloral and 8.10 % were multifloral in pollen composition. We identified 43 different types of palynomorphs belonged to 28 botanical families. Major polleniferous plant species include: Alangium salviifolium, Borassus flabellifer, Brassica nigra, Coriandrum sativum, Croton bonplandianum, Cyanotis axillaris, Luffa cylindrica, Neolamarckia cadamba, Phoenix sylvestris, Poa gangetica, Sesamum indicum and Trema orientalis. Among them, T. orientalis is newly reported from West Bengal especially during June to August (monsoon season). The plant family provided maximum number of loads was Arecaceae (20.91 %), followed by Brassicaceae (16.2 %), Poaceae (6.70 %), Pedaliaceae (6.38 %), Apiaceae (6.16 %) and Fabaceae (5.38 %). Month wise highest number of pollen diversity were obtained during March (13 pollen types) and a minimum of 6 types in November. The present investigation will help the beekeepers to maintain their hives in the region for sustainable apicultural practices.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATION OF A CHAOS-TO-CHAOS TRANSITION IN LASER DROPLET GENERATION

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (06) ◽  
pp. 1689-1699 ◽  
Author(s):  
BLAŽ KRESE ◽  
MATJAŽ PERC ◽  
EDVARD GOVEKAR
Keyword(s):  
Lyapunov Exponent ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Period Doubling ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Pulse Power ◽  
Droplet Generation ◽  
Largest Lyapunov Exponent ◽  
Recurrence Plots ◽  
The Impact

We examine the dynamics of laser droplet generation that is dependent on the detachment pulse power. In the absence of the detachment pulse, undulating pendant droplets are formed at the end of a properly fed metal wire due to the impact of the primary laser pulse that induces melting. Eventually, these droplets detach, i.e. overcome the surface tension, because of their increasing mass. We show that this spontaneous dripping is deterministically chaotic by using a positive largest Lyapunov exponent and a negative divergence. In the presence of the detachment pulse, however, the generation of droplets is fastened depending on the pulse power. At high powers, the spontaneity of dripping is completely overshadowed by the impact of the detachment pulse. Still, amplitude chaos can be detected, which similarly as the spontaneous dripping, is characterized by a positive largest Lyapunov exponent and a negative divergence, thus indicating that the observed dynamics is deterministically chaotic with an attractor as solution in the phase space. In the intermediate regime, i.e. for low and medium detachment pulse powers, the two chaotic states compete for supremacy, yielding an intermittent period-doubling to amplitude chaos transition, which we characterize by means of recurrence plots and their properties. Altogether, the transition from spontaneous to triggered laser droplet generation is characterized by a chaos-to-chaos transition with an intermediate dynamically nonstationary phase in-between. Since metal droplets can be used in various industrial applications, we hope that the accurate determination of the dynamical properties underlying their formation will facilitate their use and guide future attempts at mathematical modeling.

A quantitative approach to inner shell losses

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 526-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.D. Leapman ◽  
P. Rez ◽  
D.F. Mayers
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Background Intensity ◽  
Core Excitation ◽  
Quantitative Basis ◽  
Cross Section Differential ◽  
Bound Electrons

Microanalysis by EELS has been developing rapidly and though the general form of the spectrum is now understood there is a need to put the technique on a more quantitative basis (1,2). Certain aspects important for microanalysis include: (i) accurate determination of the partial cross sections, σx(α,ΔE) for core excitation when scattering lies inside collection angle a and energy range ΔE above the edge, (ii) behavior of the background intensity due to excitation of less strongly bound electrons, necessary for extrapolation beneath the signal of interest, (iii) departures from the simple hydrogenic K-edge seen in L and M losses, effecting σx and complicating microanalysis. Such problems might be approached empirically but here we describe how computation can elucidate the spectrum shape.The inelastic cross section differential with respect to energy transfer E and momentum transfer q for electrons of energy E0 and velocity v can be written as

Fast calibration of CBED patterns for quantitative analysis

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 674-675
Author(s):  
M.A. Gribelyuk ◽  
M. Rühle
Keyword(s):  
Reciprocal Lattice ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Incident Beam ◽  
Crystal Thickness ◽  
Structure Model ◽  
Beam Direction ◽  
Transmitted Beam ◽  
Reciprocal Vector ◽  
On Line

A new method is suggested for the accurate determination of the incident beam direction K, crystal thickness t and the coordinates of the basic reciprocal lattice vectors V1 and V2 (Fig. 1) of the ZOLZ plans in pixels of the digitized 2-D CBED pattern. For a given structure model and some estimated values Vest and Kest of some point O in the CBED pattern a set of line scans AkBk is chosen so that all the scans are located within CBED disks.The points on line scans AkBk are conjugate to those on A0B0 since they are shifted by the reciprocal vector gk with respect to each other. As many conjugate scans are considered as CBED disks fall into the energy filtered region of the experimental pattern. Electron intensities of the transmitted beam I0 and diffracted beams Igk for all points on conjugate scans are found as a function of crystal thickness t on the basis of the full dynamical calculation.

Computer-Assisted High-Re Solution TEM

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-163
Author(s):  
F.A. Ponce ◽  
H. Hikashi
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Image Contrast ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Optical Parameters ◽  
Astigmatism Correction

The determination of the atomic positions from HRTEM micrographs is only possible if the optical parameters are known to a certain accuracy, and reliable through-focus series are available to match the experimental images with calculated images of possible atomic models. The main limitation in interpreting images at the atomic level is the knowledge of the optical parameters such as beam alignment, astigmatism correction and defocus value. Under ordinary conditions, the uncertainty in these values is sufficiently large to prevent the accurate determination of the atomic positions. Therefore, in order to achieve the resolution power of the microscope (under 0.2nm) it is necessary to take extraordinary measures. The use of on line computers has been proposed [e.g.: 2-5] and used with certain amount of success.We have built a system that can perform operations in the range of one frame stored and analyzed per second. A schematic diagram of the system is shown in figure 1. A JEOL 4000EX microscope equipped with an external computer interface is directly linked to a SUN-3 computer. All electrical parameters in the microscope can be changed via this interface by the use of a set of commands. The image is received from a video camera. A commercial image processor improves the signal-to-noise ratio by recursively averaging with a time constant, usually set at 0.25 sec. The computer software is based on a multi-window system and is entirely mouse-driven. All operations can be performed by clicking the mouse on the appropiate windows and buttons. This capability leads to extreme friendliness, ease of operation, and high operator speeds. Image analysis can be done in various ways. Here, we have measured the image contrast and used it to optimize certain parameters. The system is designed to have instant access to: (a) x- and y- alignment coils, (b) x- and y- astigmatism correction coils, and (c) objective lens current. The algorithm is shown in figure 2. Figure 3 shows an example taken from a thin CdTe crystal. The image contrast is displayed for changing objective lens current (defocus value). The display is calibrated in angstroms. Images are stored on the disk and are accessible by clicking the data points in the graph. Some of the frame-store images are displayed in Fig. 4.

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