scholarly journals Origins and Formation of Corporate Education in the USA

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Iryna Lytovchenko
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
National Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scientific Management ◽  
Industrial Workers ◽  
Corporate Education ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
The Usa

Abstract The article analyzes the process of formation and development of corporate education in the USA in the first half of the twentieth century. It has been determined that the main prerequisites for the development of corporate education in the USA in the first half of the twentieth century were historical, socio-economic, political factors and advances in scientific research including: the rapid growth of the US economy in the twentieth century; dissemination of scientific and technological progress and constant introduction of new technologies in the workplace; a national policy of “welfarism”; scientific works of R. Kelly “Training industrial workers” and D. Morris “Employee training: A study of education and training departments in various corporations”, which contained the first complex researches on training in industry, substantiated the necessity and prospects of this study, analyzed corporate programs of that time, the ideas on scientific management of F. Taylor, F. Gilbreth and S. Thompson, which had a major impact on all business areas. It has been found out that corporate education was the result of evolution of apprenticeship, the oldest and most traditional form of vocational training in the United States. By 1920s a new concept of modern education had been formed in the workplace which had its philosophical foundations, educational programs, technologies, system of providing services and organizational structure. In the period between the First and Second World Wars a new vision of learning at the workplace arose, new teaching methods were developed different from those used in traditional educational institutions; understanding came that the dissemination of knowledge within the whole community would contribute to building a democratic society.

Cultural ‘fusions’: aspects of British West Indian music in the USA and Britain 1918–51

Popular Music ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 81-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Cowley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Popular Music ◽  
Latin American ◽  
West Indian ◽  
The United States ◽  
British West Indian ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Indian Music

In recent years, a surprising void has opened in discussions of the evolution of twentieth-century British popular music. Directly and indirectly, much attention has been given to the influence of the United States. Little, however, has been written on the development of Britain's own popular vocal and dance forms, especially in the key years between the two World Wars; neither have other cultural inter-relationships, such as British acceptance of ‘Latin American’ rhythms received the attention they deserve.

Reproducing Carmen in the United States

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Christoforidis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Film Industry ◽  
The United States ◽  
Silent Film ◽  
American Opera ◽  
Carl Van Vechten

Chapter 9 explains that Carmen proved an ideal vehicle for the new technologies of the twentieth century, embraced by the new recording artists whose prestige was borrowed from the operatic world. The young American opera star Geraldine Farrar, building on the legacies of Emma Calvé and Maria Gay, enjoyed an unprecedented and unmistakably modern celebrity as Carmen, born of her ability to exploit the confluence of operatic performance, recordings, and the silent film industry. In this context, the Metropolitan Opera’s attempt to stage a genuine Spanish opera in the guise of Enrique Granados’s Goyescas was undermined by comparison with the vibrant New York traditions of Carmen in the winter of 1915–16, when the fashion for all things Spanish was so intense that Carl Van Vechten dubbed it “the Spanish blaze.”

scholarly journals Made In The USA: Technological Corporatism, Infrastructure Regulation, And DuPont 1902-1917

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
Roman Shemakov
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scientific Management ◽  
Industrial Change ◽  
Structural Reorganization ◽  
American Military ◽  
Early American ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Usa

The turn of the twentieth century radically renewed industrial organization across the United States. Early American corporations -- centralized manufacturing hubs with journeymen and apprentices laboring under one roof -- were seldom prepared for the transformations that scientific management and structural reorganization would bring to social relations. At the helm of World War 1, DuPont became the epitome of broader national restructuring. Through a close relationship with American military industries and legislatures, the DuPont brothers came to represent Business as an inseparable component of the State. While labor historiography has primarily focused on organizers’ relationship with regulators, important segments of its inverse -- the relationship between Industry and lawmakers -- have been ignored. In the history of DuPont’s growth lies the story of American labor’s disintegration and the organized dismantling of the civil rights campaigns. The reasons for the supposed failure of American workers to build a mass socialist party cannot be discovered in the structures of accumulation or labor markets alone, but in the insinuation of industrial change into the total sphere of American life. This paper dissects the evolution of DuPont along with American labor. The important question is why and how a corporate-state came to possess such a pervasive and socially dominant nature. DuPont is the ideal case study to analyze how capitalism transformed and joined American politicians in suppressing labor movements, writing policy, and engineering social attitudes between 1902 and 1917.

scholarly journals The concern of Andrey Sheptytsky, the Metropolitan bishop, about Ukrainian Emigrants in North and South America

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 258-270
Author(s):  
Adam Kubasik
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Immigrant Communities ◽  
Political Agitation ◽  
The Usa ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

At the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth century a large group of Galician Ruthenians emigrated to North America and the United States and Canada, South America - mainly to Argentina and Brazil. Sheptytsky visited North America in 1910. He met with Ukrainian Greek Catholic immigrant communities in the United States and Canada. In 1921, he visited the USA and Canada again. In 1922 he arrived to Argentina and Brazil. He did not conduct open political agitation. However, some of his speeches have an anti-Polish character.

scholarly journals Queue the Roll

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Wente
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scientific Management ◽  
Music Culture ◽  
Labor Practices ◽  
Labor Theory ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Industrial Labor ◽  
Twentieth Century Music

By the early twentieth century the machine aesthetic was a well-established and dominant interest. While this aesthetic has been examined in art and in literature, the representation of industrial labor practices and the role of the machine in musical compositions remain largely unexplored. In this article, I use labor theory to frame a discussion of a musical topic of the mechanical in various musical examples from the United States and Europe in the 1910s, 20s, and 30s. Each example imitates, showcases, or features the sounds of the machine, and illuminates the ways in which industrialized labor influenced music. I organize the machine sounds into three categories: music written to sound like or imitate the machine, music written to highlight the skills of virtuoso performers while also showcasing what the machine can do, and music written specifically for machines. These categories encompass a wide variety of performing bodies, audiences, and spaces, evidencing the ubiquitous presence of the machine aesthetic in early twentieth-century music culture. As the discussion of the examples in each part will show, the prevalence of machine sounds in music indicates the widespread influence of industrialization and its culturally dominant ideology, Frederick Winslow Taylor’s system of scientific management.

‘There are no Secular Events’

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather D. Curtis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
American Exceptionalism ◽  
The United States ◽  
Popular Media ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
The Uk

This chapter explores how American Evangelicals have employed popular media to maintain and augment their vitality in the United States during a supposedly secular age. By focusing on the story of the Christian Herald, an evangelical newspaper that greatly expanded its circulation and influence during the 1890s, it elucidates the innovative strategies publishers adopted to attract and retain the attention of a significant segment of the American Protestant public. By embracing ground-breaking printing and photographic technologies, novel approaches to popular journalism, and modern advertising techniques, the Christian Herald became the most successful religious newspaper in the world within a decade, a position it held throughout most of the twentieth century. Analysing these enterprising methods alongside the distinctive messages about American exceptionalism that the Christian Herald communicated in its columns also helps to explain why evangelicalism has continued to flourish in the USA in comparison to the UK or Europe.

‘Religious America, Secular Europe’

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
The Usa

This chapter offers an overview of the religious trajectories of the United States and of the countries in Western and Northern Europe from the later eighteenth century to the early twenty-first. There is special focus on changes in the years around 1800, those around 1900, and in the later twentieth century. In the nineteenth century the USA was moving in very different directions from many of the countries of continental Europe, but American pluralism was paralleled by that of Britain. From about 1890, Britain and the USA began to move apart. Secularizing trends were common to both countries, but the countervailing factors were much stronger in the USA. Meanwhile, many other European countries were differently religious from the USA, but not necessarily less religious. Only in the 1970s can we begin to speak of a clear divide between a more ‘religious’ America and a more ‘secular Europe’.

scholarly journals Application of telemedical technologies in neurology – a historical aspect

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
A.V. Vladzymyrskyy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Clinical Neurology ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
Remote Transmission ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Seizure Syndrome ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Intensive Development

Introduction. In the middle of the twentieth century, biotelemetry technologies were actively used in neurology, in the form of remote transmission and interpretation of an electroencephalogram (tele-EEG) for solving scientific and practical problems. Previously, this aspect of the development of clinical neurology has not been studied sufficiently. Materials and methods. The period of 1940-1980 was chosen for study. The relevant papers were identified thought electronic database (eLibrary ru, Pubmed). There are 28 papers are included in review. Results. In a global prospect, tele-EEG concepts, methods and technologies have evolved in parallel. The main contribution of the USSR is the development of methodology and technological solutions for tele-EEG, also as its application for solving scientific problems of sports and occupational medicine. The most significant are the works of the Sverdlovsk biotelemetric group. The main contribution of the USA is the development of computational tele-EEG and applications for scientific solutions in clinical neurology and psychiatry. Also, in the United States, tele-EEG was first limitedly used to solve personnel problems. The main contribution of European countries is in the formation of in-hospital and outpatient tele-EEG systems, their application for solving scientific problems of clinical neurology. Conclusion. In the middle of the twentieth century, the intensive development of telemetric electroencephalography (tele-EEG) led to the formation of a new direction in clinical telemedicine – teleneurology. Distant fixation of the brain electrical activity carried out both for the purpose of neurophysiology study and for solving clinical problems. General methodological issues and neurophysiological results of the tele-EEG highlighted in papers published in 1974-1977 by scientists from the USSR, USA, Hungary, Germany, Canada, the Netherlands, France. From the clinical point of view, the main contribution of tele-EEG is the study of the pathophysiology and innovative diagnosis of seizure syndrome and epilepsy.

scholarly journals Made In The USA: Technological Corporatism, Infrastructure Regulation, And DuPont 1902-1917

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
Roman Shemakov
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scientific Management ◽  
Industrial Change ◽  
Structural Reorganization ◽  
American Military ◽  
Early American ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Usa

The turn of the twentieth century radically renewed industrial organization across the United States. Early American corporations -- centralized manufacturing hubs with journeymen and apprentices laboring under one roof -- were seldom prepared for the transformations that scientific management and structural reorganization would bring to social relations. At the helm of World War 1, DuPont became the epitome of broader national restructuring. Through a close relationship with American military industries and legislatures, the DuPont brothers came to represent Business as an inseparable component of the State. While labor historiography has primarily focused on organizers’ relationship with regulators, important segments of its inverse -- the relationship between Industry and lawmakers -- have been ignored. In the history of DuPont’s growth lies the story of American labor’s disintegration and the organized dismantling of the civil rights campaigns. The reasons for the supposed failure of American workers to build a mass socialist party cannot be discovered in the structures of accumulation or labor markets alone, but in the insinuation of industrial change into the total sphere of American life. This paper dissects the evolution of DuPont along with American labor. The important question is why and how a corporate-state came to possess such a pervasive and socially dominant nature. DuPont is the ideal case study to analyze how capitalism transformed and joined American politicians in suppressing labor movements, writing policy, and engineering social attitudes between 1902 and 1917.

scholarly journals Wages in the U.S. Manufacturing industry

Upravlenie ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-103
Author(s):  
N. E. Petrovskaya
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
The United States ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Trade Union Movement ◽  
Department Of Labor ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa

Based on data from official American statistics, the issue of wages in the United States of America manufacturing industry has been considered. This study is an important area of study of modern social and economic problems of the United States. Manufacturing plays an important role in the economy of the US, because it creates a material basis for all other industries. The trends and problems in this area have been revealed in the article. For a comprehensive analysis a systematic approach, economic-statistical and logical research methods have been used in the paper. A comprehensive study of wages in the most important sectors of the national economy has been carried out, based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the US Department of Labor. Separate attention has been paid to the category of “production workers”, whose share is about 70%. The statistical data on the average annual wage of production workers by industry according to the NAICS have been adduced. The significance of the manufacturing industry in creating, maintaining and returning jobs for the US economy has been shown.The difference in wages depending on the level of education, work experience and profession has been analyzed. The data on the highest paid industrial professions have been adduced. The uneven distribution of the manufacturing industry by states has been shown. It has been noted, that the reduction in the coverage of the trade union movement of American workers is another factor, affecting the level of wages. The correlation between production volume and Gini Coefficient in the USA in the period from 1947 to 2014 has been presented in the article. It has been noticed, that the growth of inequality in the US income and the decline of the manufacturing industry are interrelated.

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