Comparative and Correlative Study of Psychological Hardiness and Competitiveness among Female Student Athletes in Individual and Team Sports

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 201-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Fahim Devin ◽  
Davood Farbod ◽  
Hanieh Ghasabian ◽  
Toktam Bidel ◽  
Fanarak Ghahremanlou
Keyword(s):  
Student Athletes ◽  
Female Student ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Psychological Hardiness ◽  
Statistical Sample ◽  
Individual Sports ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Smirnov Test

Abstract The aims of this study were to identify psychological hardiness and competitiveness profiles and to investigate the relationship between these variables among female student athletes in individual and team sports and also to compare them in these variables. In this descriptive (correlative and comparative) type of study two standard questionnaires assessing psychological hardiness (Zarere, 2011) and competitiveness (Ganji, 2012) with reliability scores of f 0.78 and 0.81 respectively were used. Statistical Population of the Study consisted of all female student-athletes who competed in high school student national sport tournament in the 2012-2013 school years. Statistical sample of the study was 269 athletes (79 individual sports, 190 team sports) who were selected according to Morgan table using a stratified sampling method proportional to size. Both descriptive statistics (frequency tables and index (mean) and dispersion) and inferential statistics (Kolomogorov–Smirnov test to determine normal or abnormal distribution of variables and Pearson’s correlation, independent t test were used to analyze the data. Results of the study showed significant differences between female student athletes in individual and team sports regarding psychological hardiness and competitiveness. Individual sports athletes were more competitive and hard headed than team sports athletes. Significant correlation was observed between these variables in female student athletes in individual and team sports.

scholarly journals Students’ Individual and Social Behaviors with Physical Education Teachers’ Personality

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azizollah Arbabisarjou ◽  
Mehdi Sadeghian Sourki ◽  
Seyedeh Elaham Hashemi Bonjar
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Social Behaviors ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Physical Education Teachers ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Academic Year

<p class="apa">The main objective for this survey is to assess the relationship between physical education teachers’ personality and students’ individual with social behaviors. The statistical population of the study was all the teachers of physical education working at high schools in the academic year 2012-2013. The sample consisted of sixty teachers that were selected by stratified sampling method proportionate to the sample volume. The research method was descriptive-correlative type. The collection data instruments were the five-factor questionnaire of McCrae and Costa (2013) and a questionnaire about beliefs, individual and social behaviors tailored by the researcher. The reliability of two questionnaires in a pilot study was 0.89 and 0.83 respectively. Both questionnaires had conceptual and construct validity. The findings of the study indicated that there was a relationship between personality aspects of physical education teachers and students’ beliefs, individual and social behaviors. Since paying attention to the personality of physical education teachers could help improve the students’ beliefs and individual behaviors.</p>

scholarly journals Analyzing the Relationship between Organizational Culture and Silence with Organizational Health among Employers of Fars Maskan Bank

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Asiyeh Foshat ◽  
Reza Zarei
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Organizational Health ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Organizational Silence ◽  
Statistical Sample ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Regression Tests

This study aims to analyze the relationship between organizational culture and silence with organizational health. The methodology of the study is correlation, and its statistical population is 642 that are all employers in Maskan Bank in Fars province. Sampling was executed through one-phase clustering sampling in which 130 persons were selected as statistical sample. Three questionnaires of organizational health (Hawaii et al., 1987), organizational culture (Hofstede, 1980), and organizational silence (Vacola & Bouradas, 2005) were used for collecting data. Data was analyzed step to step using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression tests. Results indicated that there is a significant inverse relationship between organizational culture and silence with organizational health (less than 0.01). Higher level managers’ view of silence (among elements of organizational silence) and patriarchy (among elements of organizational culture) are capable of predicting organizational health in inverse. Other elements are not significantly capable in predicting organizational health.

The relationship between age and athletes' view of the phenomenon of doping

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
Mohammad Saeed Kiani ◽  
◽  
Keivan Shabani Moghaddam ◽  
Keyword(s):  
T Test ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
The Face ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Science Classes ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cluster Random Sampling ◽  
Smirnov Test

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between age and athletes' attitude to doping. A 40- question researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect the data. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a survey of professors related to the research subject and its reliability was reported to be 0.79 using Cronbach's alpha. The statistical population of the study consisted of all athletes in Kermanshah province that to the large number of samples, cluster random sampling method was used. Finally, 700 questionnaires were returned, out of which 431 were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, percentage, tables, graphs, etc.) for analysis of data as well as inferential statistics (one-sample t-test, independent t-test and analysis of variance) and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine the normality of the data distribution. The results showed that there is a difference between the new generation of athletes and the older generation in terms of doping. Therefore, the athlete should consult with experienced people (those who use these substances) and a physician, and be aware of the side effects of these supplements by attending training and science classes. Avoid using them whenever possible.

scholarly journals The relationship between organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and Human Resources Empowerment (HRE) Case study: university of Isfahan (Iran)

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahid Naderi ◽  
Reza Hoveida
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Psychological Empowerment ◽  
Financial Education ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Statistical Sample ◽  
The Relationship

This research attempts to present an approach for achieving the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and human resource empowerment (HRE) among staff at University of Isfahan. Statistical population of the study was all of the staff in administrative – financial, education-cultural, and research sectors at University of Isfahan. Among them statistical sample was selected randomly. Research method was descriptive – correlative and data was collected using two questionnaires: psychological empowerment and organizational citizenship behavior. Mentioned questionnaires had content validity and their reliability was .88 and .86 respectively that were calculated through Choronbachُs Alpha. Findings showed that there was a positive and significant relation between total psychological empowerment and organizational citizenship behavior.There was a relation between impact and meaning with organizational citizenship behavior. Also, there showed a significant relation between first pair of focal variables including competence with linear combine all of organizational citizenship behavior variables.

Relationship between Preference for a Type of Sport and Two Aspects of Personality: Social Alienation and Self-Esteem

1982 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton F. De Man ◽  
Ghyslaine Blais
Keyword(s):  
Team Sports ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Social Alienation ◽  
Group Preference ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Individual Sports ◽  
The Relationship

96 casual sport participants took part in a study investigating the relationship between sport-preference and social alienation and between sport-preference and self-esteem. 32 subjects were primarily involved in individual sports, 32 in team-of-two sports, and 32 in larger team sports. Males and females were equally represented in each group. Preference for team sports was related to lower levels of social alienation in male and female participants. Higher levels of self-esteem were found among males involved in individual sports and females participating in team sports.

scholarly journals Yoga, Dance, Team Sports, or Individual Sports: Does the Type of Exercise Matter? An Online Study Investigating the Relationships Between Different Types of Exercise, Body Image, and Well-Being in Regular Exercise Practitioners

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verena Marschin ◽  
Cornelia Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Negative Body Image ◽  
Ballroom Dance ◽  
Type Of Exercise ◽  
Individual Sports ◽  
The Relationship

Physical activity, specifically exercising, has been suggested to improve body image, mental health, and well-being. With respect to body image, previous findings highlight a general benefit of exercise. This study investigates whether the relationship between exercising and body image varies with the type of exercise that individuals preferentially and regularly engage in. In addition, physical efficacy was explored as a potential psychological mediator between type of exercise and body image. Using a cross-sectional design, healthy regular exercise practitioners of yoga, ballroom dance, team sports, or individual sports as well as healthy adults reporting no regular exercising were surveyed. Body image and its different facets were assessed by a set of standardized self-report questionnaires, covering perceptual, cognitive, and affective body image dimensions particularly related to negative body image. In addition, participants were questioned with regard to mental health. Participants were 270 healthy adults. Descriptive statistics, measures of variance (ANOVA), and multiple linear regression analysis with orthogonal contrasts were performed to investigate differences between the different exercise and non-exercise groups in the variables of interest. In line with the hypotheses and previous findings, the statistic comparisons revealed that body dissatisfaction (as one important factor of negative body image) was most pronounced in the non-exercise group compared to all exercise groups [contrast: no exercise versus exercise (all groups taken together)]. Physical efficacy, as assessed with a standardized questionnaire, mediated the difference between type of exercise (using contrasts) and body image including perceptual, cognitive, and affective body image dimensions. The findings shed light on so far less systematically investigated questions regarding the relationship between types of exercise, like yoga and ballroom dance, and body image. The results underscore the relevance of considering possible influencing factors in exercise research, such as the perception of one’s physical efficacy as a mediator of this relationship.

Perceptions of Collegiate Student-Athletes About Their Youth Sport Specialization or Diversification Process

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Pantuosco-Hensch
Keyword(s):  
Student Athletes ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Youth Sport ◽  
Critical Question ◽  
Sport Type ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Youth Sport Participation ◽  
Individual Sports ◽  
Main Effects

The present study addressed the critical question of whether or not sport specialization is necessary for future collegiate participation. Male and female collegiate student-athletes were studied using a mixed method approach (N = 469). Athletes were studied using the Youth Sport Participation Questionnaire. The data obtained from the quantitative items and open-ended survey items were analyzed, triangulated, and summarized. On average, athletes did not specialize in sport until high school (M = 15.47 ± 3.49 years). Comparisons were made between participants using factorial ANOVAs based on gender, sport type and NCAA Division. Two significant first order interactions were noted between: (1) gender and sport type and (2) NCAA Division and sport type (p < .05). Specifically, males and females from individual sports specialized earlier than their counterparts from team sports. The individual sport participants from both Divisions I and III specialized sooner than team sport participants from both divisions. Three main effects also existed for gender, NCAA Division and sport type (p < .05). The perceptions and experiences of student-athletes based were evidence that specializing in sport may not be necessary, despite the increased sense of competition in youth sports. Practical implications will be provided for coaches and youth sport professionals.

scholarly journals The Clarification of Depression and Social Support's Contribution to the Prediction of Antiretroviral Medication Adherence and the Rate of CD4 in People with HIV

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeinab Ebrahimzadeh ◽  
Mohammad Ali Goodarzi ◽  
Hassan Joulaei
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Antiretroviral Medication ◽  
Antiretroviral Medication Adherence ◽  
The People ◽  
The Relationship

<p>With the development of the antiretroviral therapy, the number of the people with HIV is increasing; therefore, identifying the factors affecting HIV is of great importance. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the antiretroviral medication adherence and the rate of CD4 with depression and social support in the people with HIV. The research method was a descriptive study kind of correlation. The statistical population included all patients with HIV in Shiraz, of whom, 220 people who had referred to the Behavioral Diseases Consultation Center were selected using the available sampling method. Philips et al.’s Social Support Questionnaire, Beck's Depression Questionnaire II, and ACTG Medication Adherence Questionnaire were used as the research tools. Results were analyzed using the stepwise regression and stepwise hierarchical multiple regression. Regression analysis showed that social support and depression variables could predict totally 47% (P&lt;0.001) of changes of medication adherence variable, and depression could predict only 2% (P&lt;0.01) of rate variance of CD4.</p>

scholarly journals College athletes and the influence of academic and athletic investment on sense of belonging

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-72
Author(s):  
Matt R Huml ◽  
Jennifer L Gellock ◽  
Carrie W Lecrom
Keyword(s):  
College Student ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
College Athletes ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Structural Modeling ◽  
Student Understanding ◽  
Academic Experiences ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

While the athletic and academic experiences of student-athletes have been frequently examined by scholars (Houle & Kluck, 2015; Rettig & Hu, 2016), there is a lack of research into which investment creates a sense of belonging on campus for student-athletes. Other factors, such as sport status, have only been conceptually discussed, while transfer status and gender, have been examined in non-athlete populations, highlighting a gap in our college student understanding of sense of belonging. We used structural modeling to examine the relationship between athletic investment, academic investment, and demographics within a context of student-athletes. Results indicated as both athletic and academic investment increase, the student-athlete’s sense of belonging on campus decreased. Additionally, student-athletes who were transfers, in team sports, or men were more likely to have a reduced sense of belong on campus.

Voter's Intention to Use Electronic Voting Systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laila F. Anagreh ◽  
Emad A. Abu-Shanab
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Health ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Customer Orientation ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Voting Systems ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Inconsistency Rate ◽  
Statistical Sample

Although the need for comprehensive assessment of mobile health (mHealth) systems is critical, most existing research focuses solely on these systems' technical merits. The purpose of this study is to prioritize different aspects and indicators of assessing the quality of mHealth services and compare four popular Iranian mHealth systems using this framework. Statistical population of this research included experts who have more than three years of active experience in the field. Using Judgmental sampling method, statistical sample size included 28 persons who responded to questionnaires. Content validity was confirmed by an expert panel, and reliability was confirmed by an inconsistency rate of less than 0.1. The study findings show that results quality is the most important component of quality assessment for mHealth systems. It also shows that indicators of confidentiality, responsiveness and customer orientation are likewise important.

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