The relationship between age and athletes' view of the phenomenon of doping

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
Mohammad Saeed Kiani ◽  
◽  
Keivan Shabani Moghaddam ◽  
Keyword(s):  
T Test ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
The Face ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Science Classes ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cluster Random Sampling ◽  
Smirnov Test

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between age and athletes' attitude to doping. A 40- question researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect the data. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a survey of professors related to the research subject and its reliability was reported to be 0.79 using Cronbach's alpha. The statistical population of the study consisted of all athletes in Kermanshah province that to the large number of samples, cluster random sampling method was used. Finally, 700 questionnaires were returned, out of which 431 were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, percentage, tables, graphs, etc.) for analysis of data as well as inferential statistics (one-sample t-test, independent t-test and analysis of variance) and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine the normality of the data distribution. The results showed that there is a difference between the new generation of athletes and the older generation in terms of doping. Therefore, the athlete should consult with experienced people (those who use these substances) and a physician, and be aware of the side effects of these supplements by attending training and science classes. Avoid using them whenever possible.

scholarly journals Gender differences in athletes’ attitudes and familiarity with drugs and unauthorized training methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
Mohammad Saeed Kiani ◽  
◽  
Keivan Shabani Moghaddam ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
T Test ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Face ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Cluster Random Sampling ◽  
Smirnov Test

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the differences between men and women regarding the level of familiarity with unauthorized drugs. A 40-question researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a survey of professors related to the research subject and its reliability was reported to be 0.79 using Cronbach's alpha. The statistical population of the study consisted of all athletes in Kermanshah province. Due to the large number of samples, cluster random sampling method was used. Finally, 700 questionnaires were returned, out of which 431 were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, percentage, tables, graphs, etc.) for analysis of data as well as inferential statistics (one-sample t-test, independent sample t-test and variance analysis) and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine the normality of the data distribution. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of familiarity with unauthorized drugs. As a result, men are less familiar with unauthorized drugs than women

Studying the components status of the competitive advantage variable in the importer companies of the network products (HP Company) and its relation with demographic variables

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (SE) ◽  
pp. 79-87
Author(s):  
Helena Yousef
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
T Test ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
The Face ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Descriptive Survey ◽  
Acceptable Reliability

The purpose of this article is to study the components status of the competitive advantage variable in the importer companies of the network products (HP Company) and its relation with demographic variables. Current research in terms of purpose is applicable and it was done with descriptive-survey method. The statistical population of this research includes all customers of HP network products in AfzarPardazBatis Company in Tehran and they are 120 persons. Due to the limited number of the statistical population, census method was used in order to determine the sample size. In order to collect the data, standard questionnaire of Hill & Jones (2010) was used. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by using of some professors,opinions. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the questionnaire was obtained higher than 0.7 which indicates the internal coordination of the items and acceptable reliability of the questionnaire. In order to study the research hypotheses, single sample t-test, independent t-test and ANOVA with application of spss software were used. According to the results, the amount of t-statistic was more than critical amount of 1.96; and it was in the critical area of the test and in other words, the average difference from figure 3 was meaningful. Therefore the assessment averageof  the components status of competitive advantage variable was higher than the assumed average (3) and this indicates that accountability to the customers, services quality, innovation in presenting the services and superior efficiency as the competitive advantage components from the perspective of the intended customers had proper status. The other results of the research indicated that women, men and customers with different education and ages assess the competitive advantage of the company equally, but according to the results obtained, whatever the customers purchase record from this company is more, their perspective will be improved about the importer company of HP products and their assessment of competitive advantage will be higher.

scholarly journals HASIL KETERAMPILAN LOMPAT JANGKIT (Studi Eksperimen Menggunakan Latihan Plyometrik)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Akhmad Sobarna ◽  
Sumbara Hambali ◽  
Rony Mohamad Rizal ◽  
Lingga Sevtiadzi
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
T Test ◽  
Paired Sample ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Cluster Random Sampling ◽  
Smirnov Test

Penelitian ini menggunakan studi eksperimen dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan <em>plyometrik </em>lompat dua terhadap keterampilan lompat jangkit. Populasi penelitian yaitu mahasiswa STKIP Pasundan Cimahi tingkat I yang berjumlah 196 orang. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 60 orang yang diperoleh dengan teknik <em>cluster random sampling. </em> Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah dengan tes keteramplan <em>(performance test) </em>yaitu tes lompat jauh. Selanjunya dana penelitian dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik analisis statistik dengan menggunakan aplikasi SPSS versi 16. Sebelum dinalisis, dilakukan uji persyaratan analisis yaitu uji normalitas menggunakan <em>one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test</em><strong> </strong>dan uji homogenitas menggunakan <em>Levene’s test</em>. Hasil uji persyaratan analisis menunjukkan bahwa data <em>pre test </em>dan <em>post test </em>berdistribusi normal dan homogen. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dan pengujian hipotesis <em>uji paired sample t test</em> diperoleh simpulan bahwa terdapat pengaruh latihan <em>plyometrik </em>lompat dua terhadap keterampilan lompat jauh pada mahasiswa STKIP Pasundan Cimahi.

Investigation of The Nutritional Approaches of Student Athletes During The Covid-19 Epidemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1940-1944
Author(s):  
Sevcan Altun ◽  
Aykut Aksu ◽  
Osman Imamoglu ◽  
Murat Erdogdu ◽  
Kursat Karacabey
Keyword(s):  
Student Athletes ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
T Test ◽  
Outbreak Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Package Program ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The University ◽  
Smirnov Test

The aim of this study is to investigate the nutritional approaches of student athletes studying at the university during the coronavirus outbreak period. Participants consisted of students studying and doing sports at the University. 446 students, 246 males and 200 females, participated in the study. Besides the personal form, students were filled the questionnaire testing questionnaire. Students voluntarily participated. The surveys were done on social media. Nutritional habits questionnaire consists of 12 questions. In the preparation of the survey questions, the questions proved validity of the researches which have been done on the subject before have been used. SPSS 23.00 package program was used in statistical analyses. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was performed to test whether the data was normally distributed and it was determined that the data showed normal distribution. Independent t-test, paired t-test, unidirectional variance analysis and LSD tests were used in statistical operations. There was no significant difference in students' nutrition approaches by gender, both in the pre-outbreak period and in the outbreak period points (p> 0.05). Nutrition scores were significantly increased during the outbreak period (p <0.001). A significant difference was found between the students who felt bad before the epidemic and those who felt well before the epidemic and their nutritional scores according to the levels they felt (p <0.05). A significant difference was found between the pre-outbreak period and post-epidemic nutrition scores of the sports faculty students (p <0.05). During the coronavirus epidemic, university student athletes have either increased their nutritional opportunities or have changed their eating habits positively to keep their immune systems strong or both. The fact that sports faculty students have better nutrition compared to other faculty students can be attributed to their taking courses in nutrition, health and similar. It is recommended to give lectures or seminars on nutrition to athlete students. Keywords: Student, Nutrition, Sports Nutrition, Nutritional Approach, Covid-19

Customer Digital Engagement and Lifetime Value: An Empirical Study of Telecom Services in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 231971452110650
Author(s):  
Hitesh Sood ◽  
Rajendra Prasad Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Customer Engagement ◽  
Customer Lifetime ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Lifetime Value ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Digital Engagement ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Smirnov Test

Digitalization has posed severe challenges to traditional businesses. Traditional firms are still not sure of the benefits of digitally engaging their customers. In contrast, the new-age firms have successfully leveraged digital media. This article examines the relationship between digital adoption by customers and customer lifetime value (CLV). This study analysed the mobile recharges by 13 million rural and urban prepaid telecom customers over 60 million transactions from January 2019 to June 2019 in the Indian telecom industry. The computed predictive CLV has been computed and compared across various customer segments (digitally engaged, partially digitally engaged and digitally unengaged customers). The studied data were statistically validated using the Kruskal–Wallis test. The data proved to be non-normally distributed as per the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. The results supported that digital adoption helps increase customer engagement, loyalty and CLV. The study presents several managerial implications, such as digitally engaged customers being a surrogate for high value and more profitable customers. Also, digitally engaged customers are relatively more loyal, contributing higher CLV than digitally unengaged customers.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Organizational Culture and Organizational Commitment in Zahedan University of Medical Sciences

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arbabisarjou Azizollah ◽  
Farhang Abolghasem ◽  
Dadgar Mohammad Amin
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Affective Commitment ◽  
P Value ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Continuance Commitment ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
The Face ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
The Relationship

<p><strong>BACKGROUND &amp; OBJECTIVE:</strong> Organizations effort is to achieve a common goal. There are many constructs needed for organizations. Organizational culture and organizational commitment are special concepts in management. The objective of the current research is to study the relationship between organizational culture and organizational commitment among the personnel of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences. </p><p><strong>MATERIALS &amp; METHODS:</strong> This is a descriptive- correlational study. The statistical population was whole tenured staff of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences that worked for this organization in 2012-2013. Random sampling method was used and 165 samples were chosen. Two standardized questionnaires of the organizational culture (Schein, 1984) and organizational commitment (Meyer &amp; Allen, 2002) were applied. The face and construct validity of the questionnaires were approved by the lecturers of Management and experts. Reliability of questionnaires of the organizational culture and organizational commitment were 0.89 and 0.88 respectively, by Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient. All statistical calculations performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The level of significance was set at P&lt;0.05.</p><p><strong>FINDINGS:</strong> The findings of the study showed that there was a significant relationship between organizational culture and organizational commitment (P value=0.027). Also, the results showed that there was a significant relation between organizational culture and affective commitment (P-value=0.009), organizational culture and continuance commitment (P-value=0.009), and organizational culture and normative commitment (P-value=0.009).</p>

scholarly journals The Relationship between Students’ Perceptions of Interpersonal Teacher Behaviour with Students’ Biology Outcomes

Biosfer ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Debora Evania Purba ◽  
Supriyatin Supriyatin ◽  
Diana Vivanti Sigit
Keyword(s):  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Teacher Behaviour ◽  
Questionnaire On Teacher Interaction ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
Bartlett’S Test ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Interpersonal Teacher Behaviour ◽  
Correlational Method ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Smirnov Test

Interpersonal teacher behaviour is behaviors that specifically relate to how teachers interact with their students on a personal. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between students’ perceptions of interpersonal teacher behaviour with students’ biology outcomes. The research was conducted in January-June 2015 at the 13 Jakarta Senior High School. The method used was descriptive correlational method. The data of students’ perceptions of interpersonal teacher behaviour is colected with the Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction (QTI). Sampling was done by using Simple Random Sampling. The sample consisted of 85 students. The data tested by normality test using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (α = 0.05) and test homogeneity using Bartlett’s test at α = 0.05. The result showed that the data was normally distributed and homogen. The regression model is Ŷ = -85.53 + 0.96X. The correlation coefficient obtained was 0.76, which means there is a positive relationship between Students’ Perceptions of Interpersonal Teacher Behaviour with Students’ Biology Outcomes. In brief, teachers interpersonal has to be improved for getting great students learning outcome.

scholarly journals ATTITUDES IN FRONT OF DEATH: NURSES’ VIEWS IN THE HOSPITAL ENVIRONMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Filomena Passos Texeira Cardoso ◽  
Maria Manuela Ferreira Pereira da Silva Martins ◽  
Letícia de Lima Trindade
Keyword(s):  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The North ◽  
Professional Characteristics ◽  
Occupational Characteristics ◽  
The Face ◽  
Attitudes Towards Death ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the relationship between personal characteristics and the profile of attitudes towards death among nurses in a Portuguese hospital. Method: a cross-sectional, quantitative, exploratory and descriptive study, carried out in a hospital in the North of Portugal, with 981 nurses, who answered a questionnaire composed by the scale of evaluation of the Profile of Attitudes about Death. Data collection was carried out in February and March 2018 in the services, and the findings went through descriptive and analytical statistical analysis with the aid of the SPSS software. Results: the nurses revealed to have the attitudes of approach (36.29 points), fear (27.82 points), neutrality (27.25 points), avoidance (17.48 points) and escape (15.52 points) in the face of death, and these were associated with the different socio-occupational characteristics of these professionals, including gender, marital status, age, having children, type of employment relationship, professional category, specialty, time of service, and the practice or belief of some religion. Conclusion: the profile of the nurses' attitudes towards death is influenced by their socio-professional characteristics, which points to the importance of rethinking training strategies in the academic environment, in health organizations and in services, favoring the better reception of patients and family members, but also in relieving the suffering of the professionals in the face of finitude.

scholarly journals Identification of Barriers to Entrepreneurship of Female Household Heads Covered by Tehran Welfare Organization

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 60-72
Author(s):  
Reza Shahmahmoudi ◽  
Parvaneh Danesh
Keyword(s):  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Financial Independence ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
National Media ◽  
The Face ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Household Heads

One of the important tasks of social helpers is empowerment of vulnerable groups. One of these vulnerable groups is female household heads. One of the practices that can help empowering of them is to encourage female household heads to financial independence. Entrepreneurship is something that can lead to financial independence of female household heads. Moreover, entrepreneurship can lead to better mental and social health of this vulnerable group. The first step in empowering female household heads through entrepreneurship is to identify their obstacles and entrepreneurship problems. Because by identification of these barriers it can be done more appropriate measures in order to empower them. So, the aim of the present study is to identify entrepreneurship barriers of female household heads covered by Welfare Organization in Tehran. The method of the current study is survey. The statistical population of this research is all female household heads covered by Welfare Organization in Tehran that 350 of them were selected randomly.In order to collect data in this research, researcher-built questionnaire was used. In this research, the face validity and content aspect of the questionnaire were confirmed and reliability coefficient was obtained 0.81 using Cronbach’s alpha indicating desirable reliability of research questionnaire. The questionnaires were completed through self-creativity and then data were analyzed using SPSS software. Among problems that women encountered with them, the first ten ones are respectively the loss of fund to begin a job, existence of strictly official rules, gender discrimination and ignoring the ability of women by the society and responsible organizations, ignoring women in management affairs, over-concern about paying back the loans, emphasis on having personal fund instead of borrowing it from others, loss of pawn in order to get a loan, lack of proper support by government and governmental organizations, few facilities to begin a job by sponsor organizations, and unsuitable behavior of some organizations due to promotion of male-dominating in the society that statistically meaningful difference in prioritizing of these barriers was seen (p < 0.05). Considering the findings of the current research, the programs in order to support female household heads economically and special facilities for them can provide their entrepreneurship basis. Also, gender discriminations against women especially female household heads can be decreased through acculturating using media and national media. The findings of the current research can be useful for social helpers, sponsor organizations and policymakers in direction of empowering the female household heads.

scholarly journals Firm Characteristics, Corporate Governance and Tax Avoidance:Study on Mining Companies in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Suranta ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Firm Characteristics ◽  
Mining Company ◽  
Mining Companies ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Smirnov Test

This research was conducted with the aim of: (1) to determine whether firm characteristics and corporate governance affect tax avoidance in mining companies in Indonesia, and (2) to determine whether corporate governance moderates the relationship between firm characteristics and tax avoidance. The research sample is all mining companieslisted on the IDX forthe period 2015 to 2018, totally 156 observations. From 156 observations, 84 observations can be analyzed. This research data is secondary data in the form of mining company Annual Reports obtained from the official website of the IDX, namely www.idx.co.id and the official websites of the respective companies. Data analysis to test data normality used the Kolmogorov Smirnov test. Hypothesis testing uses moderated regression analysis (MRA) with SPSS. The result of the analysis shows that firm characteristics consisting of leverage and ROE have an effect on tax avoidance, while company size has no effect on tax avoidance. Another result is that CG as measured by the proportion of independent commissioners does not moderate the relationship between firm characteristics and tax avoidance.

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