In-Country Disparities in Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Their Significance for Politicizing a Future Global Climate Pact

Global climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) from anthropogenic activities have already become the focus of the world. A more systematic and comprehensive analysis on the factors influencing the changes of global GHGs transferring via trade have not been fully discussed. To this end, employing spatial econometric regression models and multi-regional input-output models, this paper reveals factors influencing the GHGs transferring via trade changes in 39 major economies, so as to develop the relevant GHGs reduction policies. The results indicate that regions with the highest net outflow of GHGs transferring via trade are primarily Russia and Canada, and the adverse effects of promoting GHGs reduction on the national economy could be avoided by these regions owing to trade relations. Additionally, factors influencing the changes in GHGs transferring via trade have significant spatial autocorrelation, and population size and energy structure exert significant spatial spillover effects on the changes in the GHGs transferring via trade. On this basis, this paper suggests that one more effective way to prevent trade from the rigorous demands of environmental governance measures while preserving the economic benefits of international trade may be to facilitate cooperation between countries on GHGs mitigation. Further, we articulate more balanced environment governance policies, including conducting the sharing of advanced energy technologies and developing clearer production technologies.

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Carbon Emissions of Hotels: The Case of the Sri Lankan Hotel Industry

Buildings ◽

10.3390/buildings9110227 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 227 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Udara Willhelm Abeydeera ◽

Karunasena

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Global Climate ◽

Sri Lankan ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

Study Approach ◽

Mitigate Climate Change

The need to mitigate climate change has become a major global concern, and greenhouse gas emissions are a major cause of global climate change. Therefore, the need to curb greenhouse gas emissions has been well recognized by global researchers, policymakers and academics. Carbon emissions of hotel operations have seized the attention of global researchers. However, carbon emissions of the hotels in developing countries remain to be a less explored domain. Therefore, carbon emissions of Sri Lankan hotels were explored using a case study approach. Five hotels in the Colombo suburb were explored, which revealed that each hotel released more than 7000 tons of carbon annually. Results further indicated the use of purchased electricity as the dominant source of carbon emissions. Emissions caused by transport activities were not included in the calculations due to the unavailability of data. Recommendations were made to overcome the issues identified during data collection as well as to reduce the carbon emissions from hotel operations. Wider adoption of the methodology used in this research will benefit the hotels to keep track of the carbon emissions using a systematic approach.

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Participation of Russia in the International Cooperation for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Energy Companies

Vestnik RUDN International Relations ◽

10.22363/2313-0660-2019-19-3-377-391 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 377-391

Author(s):

Maria Aleksandrovna Liubarskaia ◽

Viktoria Sergeevna Merkusheva ◽

Olga Sergeevna Zinovieva

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Sustainable Development ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

International Cooperation ◽

Russian Federation ◽

Global Climate ◽

State Regulation ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

The Russian Federation

The article analyzes the participation of the Russian Federation in international cooperation on the climate change prevention. Global climate change in terms of its impact on world economy is presented as a catalyst for multidirectional shifts in many sectors of economy. The adoption of international documents such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992), the Kyoto Protocol (1997), the Paris Agreement (2015), and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (2015) are viewed as vital steps for regulating international cooperation in this sphere. Analyzing the provisions of the 2020 Climate Doctrine of the Russian Federation (2009), the authors emphasize the aspiration for international political and economic integration and deep economic interest in modernization as main factors, affecting Russian climate policy strategy. One of the mechanisms of implementing state policy in the field of environmental safety is the adoption of state regulation of greenhouse gas emissions and the consideration of these measures in the development of longterm strategies for socio-economic development. The authors urge for creating regional strategies for climate change prevention with necessary adjustment and adaptation to a specific region or constituent entity of the Russian Federation. In presenting the research results, the concept of “global warming potential” and the role of managing this potential in achieving sustainable development goals are disclosed. The authors argue that a significant contribution to the increase in greenhouse gas emissions is made by the production activities of the energy sector. Based on the data of the largest international companies (Chevron, ExxonMobil, ConocoPhillips, BP, PetroChina, Shell, Gazprom, LUKOIL, Rosneft), directions for reducing their negative environmental impact were determined, including the classification of tools for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. International practice analysis forms the necessary ground to elaborate the most promising modern tools for reducing greenhouse gas emissions by Russian oil and gas companies.

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The Paris Climate Agreement and the Three Largest Emitters: China, the United States, and the European Union

Politics and Governance ◽

10.17645/pag.v4i3.666 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 219-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Miranda A. Schreurs

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

United States ◽

European Union ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Emission Reduction ◽

Global Climate ◽

The United States ◽

The European Union ◽

Gas Emissions

The Paris Agreement would not have come into being had China, the United States (US), and the European Union (EU), which together contribute more than half of all global greenhouse gas emissions, not signaled their intent to take major steps to reduce their domestic emissions. The EU has been at the forefront of global climate change measures for years having issued binding domestic emission reduction targets for 2020 and 2030. For many years, China refused to announce a target date for when it might begin reducing its greenhouse gas emissions, and the US Congress blocked action on climate change. In the lead up to the Paris climate negotiations, however, there were major shifts in China’s and the US’s climate positions. This commentary examines the climate policies of the three largest emitters and the factors motivating the positions they took in the Paris negotiations. Given that the commitments made in Paris are most likely insufficient to keep global temperature from rising 2 °C above pre-industrial levels, the commentary also considers what the likelihood is that these three major economies will strengthen their emission reduction targets in the near future.

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Net Carbon Dioxide Emission from An Eroding Atlantic Blanket Bog

10.21203/rs.3.rs-991712/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rebekka Artz ◽

Mhairi Coyle ◽

Gillian Donaldson-Selby ◽

Ross Morrison

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Global Climate ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

Special Cases ◽

Blanket Bog ◽

Projected Changes

Abstract The net impact of greenhouse gas emissions from degraded peatland environments on national Inventories and subsequent mitigation of such emissions has only been seriously considered within the last decade. Data on greenhouse gas emissions from special cases of peatland degradation, such as eroding peatlands, are particularly scarce. Here, we report the first eddy covariance-based monitoring of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from an eroding Atlantic blanket bog. The CO2 budget across the period July 2018 to November 2019 was 147 (+/- 9) g C m-2. For an annual budget that contained proportionally more of the extreme 2018 drought and heat wave, cumulative CO2 emissions were nearly double (191 g C m-2) of that of an annual period without drought (106 g C m-2), suggesting that direct CO2 emissions from eroded peatlands are at risk of increasing with projected changes in temperatures and precipitation due to global climate change. The results of this study are consistent with chamber-based and modelling studies that suggest degraded blanket bogs to be a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere, and provide baseline data against which to assess future peatland restoration efforts in this region.

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The Trump Administration's Assault on California's Global Climate Leadership

AJIL Unbound ◽

10.1017/aju.2018.75 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 112 ◽

pp. 269-273

Author(s):

Ann Carlson

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Environmental Protection Agency ◽

Global Climate ◽

Catalytic Converter ◽

Green Technology ◽

The State ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

The World ◽

Trump Administration

The Trump Administration is taking direct aim at California's global leadership on climate change. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is proposing to revoke the most effective tool California has to exercise climate leadership: its special authority under federal law to regulate tailpipe emissions more stringently than the federal government. California's use of this authority has led to the invention of automotive technology now standard around the world, including the catalytic converter. The state also used this power in 2002 to enact the globe's first greenhouse gas standards for automobiles. If the Trump Administration succeeds in revoking California's authority, California will find it very difficult to meet its ambitious 2030 greenhouse gas target. The attack on the state's authority will also undermine other states’ efforts to cut their greenhouse gas emissions as well as conventional air pollutants, since thirteen states follow California's standards in whole or in part. And the Trump Administration's revocation will undercut California's role as a green technology innovator by eliminating the strongest regulatory signal the state sends to automotive entrepreneurs. The last result is perhaps the most pernicious of all, because the state's role as a green technology leader has the capacity to help reduce greenhouse gas emissions around the world.

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Solar panels affect global climate less than greenhouse gas emissions

Physics Today ◽

10.1063/pt.5.029351 ◽

2015 ◽

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Global Climate ◽

Solar Panels ◽

Gas Emissions

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Carbon absorption by forests in the Volga region and Siberia: state and prospects

Georesursy ◽

10.18599/grs.2021.3.6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 36-41

Author(s):

Anton I. Pyzhev ◽

Eugene A. Vaganov

Keyword(s):

Carbon Sequestration ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Forest Fires ◽

Boreal Forests ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Global Climate ◽

Spatial Dynamics ◽

Volga Region ◽

Gas Emissions

The prospect of Russia’s economic development will be inextricably bound up with the country’s success in the implementation of global climate initiatives. The strategy for the development of the national economy with a low level of greenhouse gas emissions, which is currently being formed, implies the fullest use of the potential for carbon sequestration by forest ecosystems, including through the implementation of various forest-climatic projects. The article shows that despite the world’s largest forest areas, the carbon-absorbing capacity of Russian forests cannot balance anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Using the examples of several regions of the Volga region and Siberia, the spatial dynamics of the forest carbon budget in the 2010s is considered. For the regions of Siberia rich in boreal forests, there is a significant disproportion between the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of forest resources and the absorbing capacity, which is explained by the ineffective forestry regime in the territory and the high intensity of forest disturbances. Taking into account the fact that building an effective system for combating forest fires and insect pests requires very voluminous and expensive measures, the effectiveness of which is difficult to assess, the above illustrations of the current situation lead to the idea that, in addition to using the potential for increasing carbon sequestration in traditional forest regions in the implementation of forest-climatic projects should pay attention to sparsely forested areas.

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Global climate change and the role of anesthesiologist

Journal of Korean Medical Association ◽

10.5124/jkma.2021.64.12.794 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 64 (12) ◽

pp. 794-799

Author(s):

Jae Hwan Kim

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Global Climate Change ◽

Global Climate ◽

Medical Waste ◽

Anesthetic Drug ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

Inhalation Anesthetics

Background: Environmental issues and health problems related to global climate change are becoming increasingly serious. An effective eco-friendly strategy is required to reduce medical waste and greenhouse gas emissions caused by anesthesia in hospitals.Current Concepts: Inhalation anesthetics are very strong greenhouse gases in the order of desflurane, isoflurane, nitrous oxide, and sevoflurane. Anesthetics with high global warming potential and long atmospheric lifetimes should be used with caution. Only the minimum required dose of an anesthetic drug with a low persistence bioaccumulation toxicity index is recommended for use. Disposable anesthesia products are known to have a low purchase price and low risk of cross-contamination; however, this may not be the case. By using eco-friendly anesthetic supplies, recycling and reuse, we can avoid wasting money and resources.Discussion and Conclusion: Greenhouse gas emissions from the use of anesthetics are excluded from United Nations regulations due to their necessity. However, while guaranteeing patient safety, anesthesiologists must fulfill their professional ethical obligations by striving to reduce medical waste and greenhouse gas emissions.

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