Zur gesamtwirtschaftlichen Problematik des Zusammenwirkens von Nominalzinsbesteuerung und Inflation

1996 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Glaß
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Real Interest Rates ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
The Government

AbstractIn Germany, nominal interest earnings are taxed. Combined with persistent inflation, this leads to real interest rates which are often extremely low and sometimes even negative. This, in turn, creates strong incentives for tax evasion. When the government attempts to alter the legal rules of the taxation of interest in order to reduce the amount of tax evasion, many citizens strive to prevent their interest earnings from being taxed by transferring large sums of capital to other countries. Moreover, the excessive actual taxation of real interest earnings causes a misallocation of saving, which hampers economic growth.

CORRELATION BETWEEN TAX POLICY AND CORRUPTION IN THE LEGAL PERSPECTIVE FOR COUNTRY'S ECONOMIC GROWTH

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Gideon J. ◽  
Edgar H. ◽  
Ivan I. ◽  
Nabil N. ◽  
Aptina A. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Transparency International ◽  
Tax Amnesty ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
State Income ◽  
The Government

<p>People Tax is the main source of state income. The better the tax policy of a country, the better the development of a country. One of the factors that influence the level of public awareness in paying taxes is corruption. Study shows that tax collection is one of them influenced by corruption. In the data of Corruption Perceptions Index 2016 reported by Transparency International, Indonesia is ranked 90 out of 176 countries. Tax evasion is a serious problem for many countries. Every year, the government loses revenue potential as many residents evade taxes in various ways. For this reason, the government implements tax amnesty. Tax amnesty is designed to permanently reduce the amount of underground economy activity, thereby increasing tax revenues in the future and developing countries can grow well.</p>

Australian central bank holds rate as growth slips

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Commercial Lenders ◽  
The Government ◽  
Roll Out ◽  
Growth Forecasts

Significance The RBA has cut its growth forecasts amid rising job losses, weakening demand and increasing signs that the latest COVID-19 lockdowns will continue to slow the economy until the pace of the vaccine roll-out programme can be increased. Impacts Although the RBA is independent, the government will hope it keeps rates low ahead of the elections due next year. Commercial lenders could raise interest rates independently of the RBA if inflation remains high. Wage pressures will re-emerge as labour markets tighten but may be mitigated by the extent of underemployment. Economic growth will be uneven across the country in coming months as pandemic-related restrictions vary by location.

scholarly journals Economic Growth, Policies and Influencing Factors: The Case of Albania

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Eleni Vangjeli ◽  
Anila Mancka
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Fiscal Policies ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

Monetary and fiscal policies are two policies that the government could use to keep a high level of growth, with a low inflancion. Fiscal policy has its initial impact on the stock market, while monetary policy in market assets. But, given that the goods and active markets are closely interrelated, both policies, monetary as well as fiscal have impact on the economy, increasing the level of product through the reduction of interest rates. In our paper we will show how functioning monetary and fiscal policies. But also in our paper we will analyze the different factors which have affected the economic growth of the country. The focus of our study is the graphical and empirical analysis of economic growth, policies and influencing factors. For the empirical analysis we have used data on the economic growth in Albania for 1996– 2014.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF GDP, INTEREST RATE, WAGE, INFLATION AND EXCHANGE RATE ON RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY PRICE IN INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Badrud Duja ◽  
Heri Supriyanto
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Residential Property ◽  
Property Prices ◽  
The Us ◽  
Property Price ◽  
Us Dollar ◽  
The Government

Over the past years, Indonesia’s economic growth has been recorded among the top developing countries. The economic growth is believed to contribute to the increase on residential property prices. The main objective of this study is to analyse the influence of determinants of residential property prices in Indonesia by examining the dynamic relationships of residential property prices reflected through the Residential Property Price Index (RPPI) with Gross Domestic Product (GDP), investment interest rates, wages, inflation and the exchange rate against the US dollar using secondary data over a period of thirteen-years between 2002Q1 and 2014Q4. By applying the Engle-Granger co-integration testand the error correction model, this research aims to see the relationship between the variables both in the short- and long-term. The results of the study indicated that macroeconomic factors that were significantly related to Indonesian residential property prices were GDP, wages, inflation, and exchange rates against the US dollar, while the investment interest rate was not included in these factors. Furthermore, based on the results of the regression analysis on research data, government policy in setting minimum wage standards has the greatest impact on residential property prices in the property sector in Indonesia. Thus, the results of this research are expected to provide the government with better viewpoints that will assist them in enacting better policies in the residential property sector.

scholarly journals Interest Rate Policy, Inflation and Economic Growth: A Policy Evaluation of Indonesia, 1969-1997

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iswardono Sardjono Permono
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Foreign Debt ◽  
Interest Rate Policy ◽  
Dummy Variable ◽  
Rate Policy ◽  
Budget Policy ◽  
The Government

According to Shaw (1973) and McKinnon (1973), the most important element of economic development is financial liberalization. This action will eliminate the distortion, as what the government of Indonesia did on June 1, 1983 through deregulation of banking. The government eliminated the ceiling of credit and gave a full authority to each bank to determine their interest rates. This study looks up to Fry (1995) model to test McKinnon-Shaw hypothesis. The models were regressed with dummy variable. This effort will give illustration or conclusion of the structural change, that happened specifically caused by environmental or policy changes.Generally, insignificant in the relationship between interest rates in national saving and investment in Indonesia could be caused by financial mechanisms those very long and complex channels. That is why real interest rates could not give effect to national saving directly. Export, especially from oil and gas and foreign debt were growth-stimulating factors. Meanwhile, money supply, which supported by tight money policy and balance budget policy caused Indonesian inflation along those periods. The periodically analysis shows that deregulation of June 1983(PAKJUN) were success to mobilize public fund, encourage investment on real sector, and increase the economic growth, but failed to control the inflation rate. The implementation of October 1988 deregulation (PAKTO) had flourished the establishment of new banks and created good competition among them. The competition had no longer on interest rate. Therefore, it can be said also the easy requirements of establishing banks become contra productive for PAKJUN policy, which had laid to the market mechanism.Basically, either PAKJUN or PAKTO was not policies in which urgently implemented in Indonesia. Those financial deregulations were not supported by the existence of deregulation on real sectors, so that the financial deregulations were not effective to achieve their goals.

scholarly journals Perubahan Fluktuatif Struktur Ekonomi Indonesia Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-210
Author(s):  
Herlina Herlina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Foreign Debt ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
The Government ◽  
Loan Interest Rates ◽  
Carry Over

Economic growth in Indonesia has experienced fluctuating changes in 2020, especially entering the Covid-19 pandemic. The subjectivity factor greatly affects Indonesia's economic growth. The important factors that play a role are the low income per person of the population and the large carry-over of the workforce which takes place under pressure from very vulnerable external conditions, which is reflected in the high burden of foreign debt. This is due to being too dependent on imported products which have eroded labor productivity and the empowerment of natural resources has greatly decreased. Economic growth has declined sharply with the spread of the Covid-19 virus which began to enter Indonesia in the second quarter of 2020. The Covid-19 pandemic has greatly affected the movement of the Indonesian economy which tends to decline. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive level of explanation, centralized data collection inaccurate social media reports from reliable informant sources, namely the statement of the Minister of Finance Sri Mulyani. The presentation of the research results that in the first quarter (the period from January 2020 to March 2020) economic growth was recorded at a safe rate of plus 2.97%, in the second quarter (April 2020 to June 2020) showed a slump in economic growth, namely minus 5, 32%, there was a significant change, namely a slight increase but still a minus occurred in the third quarter (July 2020 to September 2020) which was minus 1% to minus 2.9%. The negative conditions in the last two quarters resulted in the Indonesian economy falling into a recession. The government must make various important efforts to overcome this recession, namely by deregulating, reducing loan interest rates, increasing interest rates or public savings margins, promoting non-oil and gas exports, expanding job opportunities, restructuring processes due to the still gloomy external situation, increasing taxes, reduction of imported products, handling of the informal sector.

scholarly journals Kebijakan Fiskal dalam Trend Pembangunan Ekonomi Jangka Panjang Indonesia

2020 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
I K. G. Bendesa ◽  
Ni Putu Wiwin Setyari
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Government ◽  
Macro Variables

The role of taxes in financing Indonesia's economic development is very dominant and increasingly important. Even in its history, the role of taxes when a government was built has been carried out in various forms, such as levies in the agriculture, trade and others. Although the role of tax is important, the level of tax revenue in Indonesia is still relatively low. The focus of the government on infrastructure development is very reasonable because Indonesian infrastructure is still lacking despite the poor quality. With the improvement and development of infrastructure, economic growth is expected to increase. This research will analyze the role of tax in Indonesia's development, especially for two decades. The role of taxes can be seen in different periods, namely before the crisis and after the crisis of 1998. The role of taxes in fiscal policy is related to other macro variables, such as interest rates, exchange rates, foreign trade, and government budgets. Linking the role of tax to this variable results in recommendations for Indonesia's development, specifically the role of tax in two different periods.

scholarly journals The impact of government policies on Nigeria economic growth (case of fiscal, monetary and trade policies)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olufemi Samuel Adegboyo ◽  
Sunday Anderu Keji ◽  
Oluwadamilola Tosin Fasina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Fiscal Policies ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bound Test

AbstractThis study examines the impact of fiscal, monetary and trade policies on Nigerian economic growth from 1985 to 2020. This study adopts endogenous growth model (AK model) as its theoretical framework. The unit root test results reveal that there is mixed level of stationarity in the variables. The bound test result shows that the variables cointegrate. The ARDL long-run result shows that fiscal policies stimulate economic growth, while on the contrary, trade policies deter Nigerian economic growth. The short-run result shows that the fiscal policies has an inconsistent impact on Nigerian economic growth and thus differs from the long-run result; while government spending continues to drive economic growth in Nigeria, government revenues have no effect on the growth of the economy. The result of the impact of monetary policies shows that interest rate impels growth of the economy while money supply deters growth of Nigeria’s economy; lastly, the trade policies maintain her negative influence on the economy in both the long run and short run. Sequel to the findings, the study recommends the following: Policymakers should place more emphasis on using fiscal policy which was found to be stimulating the country's growth rate. Whenever it is expedient to use monetary policy to stimulate economic growth, policy makers should make use of interest rates as it stimulates the growth of the economy in the short run. The government should review her trade policies to reduce import by encouraging consumption of local products and motivate exporters of goods (raw material) to refine the products before exporting such.

scholarly journals A Simulation Analysis of the Debt Problem in Pakistan

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (4II) ◽  
pp. 355-376
Author(s):  
Eatzaz Ahmad ◽  
Ayaz Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Domestic Saving ◽  
Saving Rate ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
The Government ◽  
External Borrowing

The current debt situation in Pakistan and the resulting financial crisis require serious attempts to find a sustainable indigenous solution. As such it is essential to search ways and means to reduce dependence on external borrowing over medium to long run.1 External debt is usually created to sustain a growth rate of the economy, which is otherwise not feasible with the given state of domestic resources, technology, consumption propensity and economic management practices. However, the success of economic growth financed by external borrowing depends on two factors, namely the domestic saving rate and productivity. A country with lower saving rate needs to borrow more to finance a given rate of economic growth. In Pakistan the flow of external loans is likely to have adversely affected the compulsion for savings. For example, no serious attempts have been made to improve tax collection or to control non-development government expenditure unless forced by the donor agencies. The adverse effect of borrowing on savings has recently been observed in [Ali et al. (1997)]. The evidence also does not support the proposition that higher rate of economic growth results in higher saving rate [see Ali et al. (1997)]. The saving rate in the private sector of Pakistan has remained low because of low real interest rates and the lack of legitimate and safe investment opportunities. Furthermore the poor and middle-income classes have been burdened with high inflation tax and no serious efforts have been made to tax the rich. Saving rate in the government sector has been deteriorating due to exponential growth in the size of this sector and extraordinarily low productivity. Government has ventured in the territories where it had no business in the first place.

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