Die Verschriftungen in der Dialekterhebung Friedrich Maurers in Baden und im Elsass als Evidenz für die Verbreitung der Standardlautung

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-188
Author(s):  
Maj-Brit Strobel
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Vector Maps ◽  
Variation Patterns ◽  
German Standard ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Upper Rhine

Abstract This paper examines the development of lay transcriptions of base dialects within a period of 50 years in the early 20th century in the Upper Rhine area in Alsace and Baden. I argue that the spread of spoken standard German can be documented by the development of these transcriptions. In alignment with Ganswindt (2017), it is assumed that the still not widespread standard competence at the beginning of this period is reflected in ‚misspellings‘ in the transcriptions of the dialect, since the Standard German grapheme was associated with the phonetics of the regional standard. The lay transcriptions of the Upper German delabialization by the participating teachers from Friedrich Maurer’s indirect dialect survey from 1941 and the survey of the so-called Wenkeratlas from 1887/88 serve as data. A place-by-place comparison via vector maps allows to localize variation patterns. It can be shown that the ‘misspellings’ – i. e. rounded variants in the area of delabialization – are scattered throughout the area and significantly decrease in time as the spoken German standard is spreading. This is especially the case in the area of Baden, where the amount of ‘misspellings’ diminishes from about 30–60 % to 5–30 %. In Alsace, on the other hand, the amount of ‘misspellings’ is generally much lower and consequently the decrease is as well. I argue that the reason for the difference between transcriptions from Baden and Alsace is to be found in the different repertoire structures with a diglossia with two written standard languages – French and German – in Alsace.

scholarly journals Euripidés Médeiájának magyar fordításairól

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anikó Polgár
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Professional Background ◽  
The Third ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Final Goal ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Textual Strategies

This study is dealing with two Hungarian translations of Euripides’ Medea. The translation made by Grácia Kerényi was produced in the second half of the 20th century, whereas the version by Zsuzsa Rakovszky was published at the beginning of the 21st. The difference between the translations regarding their textual strategies, the professional background of the translators and the final goal of the works is abysmal. Grácia Kerényi was an expert of ancient literatures, her translation was published in the official and renowned collection of Euripides’ work, Zsuzsa Rakovszky on the other hand translates predominantly from English, and her version was inspired by the request of the theatre. The study contains three parts: in the first the author analyses Kerényi’s Medea in the context of the philological reconstruction, in the second, the author examines the same text modified and revised by Fruzsina Magyar, who was the dramatic advisor of the theatre performance in Szolnok, and the third part reflects on the problems of validity, poetical force and immediacy in the translation of Zsuzsa Rakovszky.

Apparent phonetic approximation: English loanwords in Old Quebec French

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
CAROLE PARADIS ◽  
DARLENE LACHARITÉ
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Loanword Adaptation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
L2 Phonology ◽  
Quebec French ◽  
L1 And L2 ◽  
Phonological System

A key debate in loanword adaptation is whether the process is primarily phonetic or phonological. Is it possible that researchers on each side are viewing equally plausible, but different, scenarios? Perhaps, in some language situations, adaptation is carried out mainly by those without access to L2 phonology and is, perforce, perceptually driven. In other situations, adaptation may be done by bilinguals who actively draw upon their knowledge of L2 phonology in adapting loanwords. The phonetic strategy would most likely be favored in situations where the vast majority of the population did not know the L2, thus having no possible access to the L2 phonological system. The phonological strategy, on the other hand, is most likely to be favored in situations where there is a high proportion of speakers who are bilingual in the L1 and L2. This possibility is tested by comparing the adaptations of English loanwords in 19th- and early 20th-century Quebec French, when bilinguals were few, to those of contemporary Quebec French, in which the rate of bilingualism is far higher. The results show that even when the proportion of bilinguals in a society is relatively small, they determine how loanwords are pronounced in the borrowing language. Bilinguals adapt loanwords on the basis of phonology, not of faulty perception of foreign sounds and structures. However, in a society where bilinguals are few, there is a slight increase in non-phonological influences in loanword adaptation. We address the small role played by non-phonological factors, including phonetic approximation, orthography, and analogy (true or false), showing that false analogy, in particular, may give the impression that phonetic approximation is more widespread in a loanword corpus than is actually the case.

scholarly journals The Cult of Saints in the Religious Views of the Tatar Jadid Ulama of the late 18th – early 20th century

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 726-742
Author(s):  
E. Kh. Seidametov
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Educational System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
Important Condition ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The People ◽  
Cult Of Saints

The article discusses the issues of the cult of saints within the theological views of the Tatar Jadid ulama of the late 18th – early 20th centuries. The prominent representatives of this movement – Gabdennasyir Kursavi, Shigabutdin Marjani, Galimajan Barudi, Rizaetdin Fakhretdin, Musa Bigeev – searched for the causes of spiritual, political, social and economic decline, in which Muslims found themselves. These religious representatives believed to fi nd a way out the crisis through the change of Muslim beliefs as well as the rejection from innovations in religion and return to the Qur’an and Sunnah.They opposed many traditions that existed among the people. In their opinion, these rituals contradicted with the doctrines of Islam including the cult of saints and the institute of saints graves’ guardians. On the other hand, the Jadids regarded reforming the educational system, studying of secular sciences, borrowing modern scientifi c, technological and other achievements from the Europeans as an important condition for the progress of Muslims. This attitude of Tatar theologians favored the establishment of Islamic cultural values and opened up new ways for Russian Muslims to familiarize with the achievements of world civilization.

scholarly journals GAYA ART NOUVEAU SEBAGAI INSPIRASI DALAM PERANCANGAN DESAIN PRODUK

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Devanny Gumulya ◽  
Richard Santio
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Art Nouveau ◽  
Art Deco ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
20Th Century Art ◽  
Natural Life

<strong>Abstract</strong><br />Art Nouveau is an art movement originated from France. The word "Art Nouveau" in French means "New Art". Art Nouveau reached its peak popularity in the early 20th century. Art Nouveau brought "Back to Nature" theme. Therefore, the Art Nouveau lines and shapes are not far from natural life<br />including plants and animals. In our country Indonesia, The Art Nouveau is not as popular as The Art Deco, one of the factors because the country of Indonesia is an ex Dutch colony country. Buildings built by Dutch architect were Art Deco style buildings. On the other hand there is an increase of market interest in classic contemporary interior. PT. Dempsey Nusantara is one of<br />example of furniture manufacture with classic contemporary style. In this paper we try understand the design spirit of Art Nouveau from the definition, character, and its application in many countries. After understanding the thinking and visual character of Art Nouveau, it is used as an inspiration for<br />designing dining set as an apprentice project in Dempsey.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Abstrak</strong><br />Art Nouveau merupakan gerakan seni yang berasal dari Perancis. Kata “Art Nouveau” sendiri dalam bahasa Perancis berarti “Seni Baru”. Art Nouveau mencapai puncak popularitas pada awal abad 20. Seni Art Nouveau membawa tema “Kembali ke Alam”. Maka dari itu, tarikan garis dan bentuk Art Nouveau diambil dari alam meliputi flora dan fauna. Di Indonesia sendiri, Seni Art Nouveau tidaklah sepopuler Seni Art Deco. Salah satu faktor adalah karena negara Indonesia merupakan negara jajahan Belanda dimana bangunan-bangunan yang didirikan<br />arsitek Belanda bergaya Art Deco. Disisi lain ada peningkatan minat pasar pada interior klasik kontemporer salah satu produsen adalah PT. Dempsey Nusantara. Di makalah ini kami mencoba membahas apa yang menjadi semangat desain Art Nouveau ini mulai dari definisi, karakter, dan aplikasinya di berbagai negara. Karena dengan memahami, barulah bisa dijadikan inspirasi untuk merancang set furnitur ruang makan sebagai proyek magang di Dempsey.

Miriam Tildesley and the Anthropological Politics of Standardizing Racial Measurements

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-59
Author(s):  
Iris Clever
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Physical Anthropology ◽  
International Community ◽  
Research Field ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Measurement Practices

Abstract This article examines to what extent nationalist and sexist sentiment and international politics shaped attempts to universalize measurement practices in physical anthropology. On the one hand, racial scientists were interested in creating an international community with a universalized methodology and developing a global taxonomy of human races. On the other hand, they chauvinistically guarded their localized practices from outside influences. By following the standardization efforts of British biometrician Miriam Tildesley, a female racial scientist adamant on unifying a research field largely dominated by men from different countries, this article argues that intersecting forces of nationalism, internationalism, and sexism shaped anthropological practices in the early 20th century.

scholarly journals EARLY HISTORY OF GEOMETRIC PROBABILITY AND STEREOLOGY

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Hykšová ◽  
Anna Kalousová ◽  
†Ivan Saxl
Keyword(s):  
Probability Theory ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Early History ◽  
Geometric Probability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chance Games

The paper provides an account of the history of geometric probability and stereology from the time of Newton to the early 20th century. It depicts the development of two parallel ways: on one hand, the theory of geometric probability was formed with minor attention paid to other applications than those concerning spatial chance games. On the other hand, practical rules of the estimation of area or volume fraction and other characteristics, easily deducible from geometric probability theory, were proposed without the knowledge of this branch. A special attention is paid to the paper of J.-É. Barbier published in 1860, which contained the fundamental stereological formulas, but remained almost unnoticed both by mathematicians and practicians.

scholarly journals “Para Hacer un Buen Reentry es Esencial que te Salga Bien el Bottom Primero” – The Presence of English in Portuguese and Spanish Surf Talk

2019 ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Anton Granvik
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Detailed Level ◽  
The One

Although modern surfing can be traced back to early 20th century Hawaii, only quite recently has surfing become a truly global phenomenon. The aim of this paper is to discuss how the arrival of such a new cultural phenomenon as surfing to the Spanish and Portuguese speaking world is managed linguistically, i.e. to account for how one goes about talking about surfing in Portuguese and Spanish. I propose to investigate how the existing surfing vocabulary in English affects surf talk in Portuguese and Spanish. On the one hand, I will determine which words are incorporated as such and which pieces are incorporated as semantic loans. On the other hand, I will describe what old, native vocabulary is adapted to fit the needs of surf talk. The results indicate that loans are used in roughly 65 per cent of the surfing terms in both Portuguese and Spanish. On a more detailed level, the surfing manoeuvres and conditions, for example, are mostly lexicalized using direct loans, as the terms rentry ‘re-entry’ and bottom ‘bottom turn’ used in the title indicate. Waves, on the other hand, are most often described by means of loan translations, i.e. using Portuguese and Spanish terms reflecting English uses. For example, the goal of any surfer is to ride a tube, tubo in both Portuguese and Spanish. The main difference between the two languages is found in the manoeuvre terms, where Portuguese has introduced several own expressions (e.g. cavada and rasgada) while Spanish relies almost uniquely on direct loans from English.

scholarly journals Obraz pensjonarki w literaturze popularnej początku XX wieku na podstawie powieści „Płomyk. Z pamiętnika instytutki” Eugenii Żmijewskiej

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylwia Kępa
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Adolescent Girl ◽  
Young Lady ◽  
School Education ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cultural Image ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Literary Portrait

The aim of this paper is to present the character and mentality of adolescent girl from a family of landowners, on the example of the heroine of a novel “Płomyk. Z pamiętnika instytutki” of 1907, originating from the mainstream of so-called ‘trivial’ literature. This novel (in the form of a diary) could be regarded as an interesting example to follow, set in the second half of the 20th century patterns of realistic positivist prose. Eugenia Żmijewska, the author of that piece, on one hand, refers to the positivist model under the sign of Orzeszkowa and Sienkiewicz, on the other hand, Żmijewska deftly combines the aesthetics of the novel with a plot of schoolgirl. The result of this syncretism is the character of Dola Żalińska. In the personality of that heroine — passing a difficult period of adolescence — interweare and collide patterns of landowner education, strict school education and dilemmas of adolescence. This paper will pose a question of pararrels between literary portrait of young lady and cultural image of schoolgirl raised in the late 19th and early 20th century.

Simone de Beauvoir's Philosophy of Individuation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Hengehold
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Sexual Difference ◽  
Gilles Deleuze ◽  
The Other ◽  
Simone De Beauvoir ◽  
Second Sex ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World

Most studies of Simone de Beauvoir situate her with respect to Hegel and the tradition of 20th-century phenomenology begun by Husserl, Heidegger, and Merleau-Ponty. This book analyzes The Second Sex in light of the concepts of becoming, problematization, and the Other found in Gilles Deleuze. Reading Beauvoir through a Deleuzian lens allows more emphasis to be placed on Beauvoir's early interest in Bergson and Leibniz, and on the individuation of consciousness, a puzzle of continuing interest to both phenomenologists and Deleuzians. By engaging with the philosophical issues in her novels and student diaries, this book rethinks Beauvoir’s focus on recognition in The Second Sex in terms of women’s struggle to individuate themselves despite sexist forms of representation. It shows how specific forms of women’s “lived experience” can be understood as the result of habits conforming to and resisting this sexist “sense.” Later feminists put forward important criticisms regarding Beauvoir’s claims not to be a philosopher, as well as the value of sexual difference and the supposedly Eurocentric universalism of her thought. Deleuzians, on the other hand, might well object to her ideas about recognition. This book attempts to address those criticisms, while challenging the historicist assumptions behind many efforts to establish Beauvoir’s significance as a philosopher and feminist thinker. As a result, readers can establish a productive relationship between Beauvoir’s “problems” and those of women around the world who read her work under very different circumstances.

Metode Tafsir Muhammad Abduh dan Muhammad Rasyid Ridha dalam Tafsîr Al-Manâr

TAJDID ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Ahmad Tholabi Kharlie
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Religious Thought ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
Muslim Scholars ◽  
Religious Counseling

Tafsîr al-Manar is one of the most popular exegesis of the Qur`anic studies. Al-Manar magazine, which contains this interpretation periodically, namely in the early 20th century, is widespread throughout the Islamic world and has an important role in enlightening thoughts and religious counseling. The influence of Sheikh Muhammad Abduh, along with his student, Sayyid Muhammad Rasyîd Ridhâ, on the development of religious thought in the Islamic world, thus, cannot be underestimated.This article is a result of a previous study of the Qur’an exegesis method of the two prominent Muslim scholars, Muhammad Abduh and Muhammad Rashid Ridha. The study reveals two main conclusions, they are (1) personally both Muhammad Abduh and Muhammad Rashid Ridha are independent who have extensive, well-known, and versatile insight and knowledge, have personality traits that are steady, honest, brave, passionate, intelligent, determined, and a number of other advantages, like other leading commentator (2) Al-manâr book, with its superiorities, is well recognized as a monumental work that broadly contributes to the development of Islamic thought, particularly in modern exegesis field. In regard to exegesis of Qur’anic legal verses, though it is not a special legal book, Al-manâr is able to explain deeply and comprehensively the Qur’anic legal verses just like the other legal exegesis works.

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