The Solid State Displacement Reaction CsCl + Nal → Csl + NaCl

1977 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Massarotti ◽  
Giorgio Flor ◽  
Riccardo Riccardi
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Divalent Cation ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Displacement Reaction ◽  
Diffusion Couples ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Rate Determining Step

Abstract The solid state reaction CsCl+Nal → CsI+NaCl was investigated, employing diffusion couples with two different contents of divalent cation impurities, in the temperature range 350-419 °C. From kinetic determinations, inert marker experiments and X-ray diffraction analysis it was possible to deduce that the rate − determining step is the diffusion of I- in CsI via VI.

Effects of La-Dopant on Phase, Microstructure and Dielectric Properties of Bi4Ti3O12 Ceramics

2010 ◽  
Vol 93-94 ◽  
pp. 251-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasinee Siriprapa ◽  
Anucha Watcharapasorn ◽  
Sukanda Jiansirisomboon
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Preferred Orientation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Conventional Solid State Reaction ◽  
X Ray

Bi4-xLaxTi3O12 (where x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1) powders and ceramics were prepared using conventional solid state reaction and sintering procedures. The calcination was carried out at 750 °C for 4 h and sintering was done at 1150 °C for 4 h. The density of all ceramics was found to be comparable regardless of La concentration. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that preferred orientation of ceramic grains was reduced with addition of La ions. This reduced preferred orientation was accompanied by a decrease in grain size. The temperature dependence of dielectric constant showed a decrease in Tc with increasing La concentration.

THE COPPER VALENCE STATE AND THE STRUCTURE OF Li, Ce, Eu, V-DOPED Y-Ba-Cu-O SYSTEM

1989 ◽  
Vol 03 (12) ◽  
pp. 955-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.B. ZHANG ◽  
L.F. QU ◽  
K.Y. HOU ◽  
D.L. YANG ◽  
D.J. CHEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Valence State ◽  
Nominal Composition ◽  
Iodometric Titration ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Copper Valence

High-Tc superconductors with nominal composition of YBa 2 Cu 3 O y and Y 1−x L x Ba 2 Cu 3 O y ( L=Li , Ce, Eu, V) were synthesis by the solid state reaction of appropriate amount of Y 2 O 3, BaO or BaCO 3, Cu 2 O , CuO, and LO x. The Cu 3+/ Cu 2+ ratio was determined by Iodometric titration and oxygen content in the oxides calculated from the ratio. The crystal structure was determined by electron and powder X-ray diffraction analysis. It shows that that ratio of Cu 3+/ Cu 2+ and the crystal structure could be changed as dopping appropriate amount of metal in the Y-Ba-Cu-O system.

Preparation of Ultra–Fine La3NbO7 Powder by Solid State Reaction

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 158-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Dai ◽  
Qiang Xu ◽  
Shi Zhen Zhu ◽  
Ling Liu
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Thermal Barrier ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Granular Particle ◽  
Fine Particle Size ◽  
Ultra Fine Particle ◽  
Different Temperatures

As a new candidate material for the ceramic layer in thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) system, La3NbO7 was synthesized with La2O3 powder and Nb2O5 powder by solid state reaction. The stating powders with a mole ratio of La to Nb of 3:1 were mixed and then the mixture was calcined under the different temperatures(800°C, 1000°C, 1200°C) and dwell times(2h, 6h, 10h). The phase structure of the powder was observed by X–ray diffraction(XRD), and the microstructure of the sample was observed by scanning electron microscope(SEM). The effect of calcination temperature and dwell Time on the phase formation were examined. The results indicate that the La3NbO7 powder with single phase can be synthesized successfully at 1200°C for 10h in air, and the La3NbOsub>7 powders synthesized have an ultra-fine particle size of 0.5˜1µm with a granular particle shape. With the temperature increasing, LaNbO4/sub> was synthesized firstly and then La3NbO7 was synthesized with a mole ratio of La2O3 to LaNbO4 of 1:1.

Thermal enhancement of 2H11/2→4I15/2 up-conversion luminescence of Er3+ doped K2Yb(PO4)(MoO4) phosphors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongqiang Cui ◽  
Yongze Cao ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Yuhang Zhang ◽  
Siying Ran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Solid State Reaction Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Orthorhombic Crystal ◽  
Orthorhombic Crystal Structure ◽  
Reaction Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermal Enhancement

Er3+ with different concentrations doped K2Yb(PO4)(MoO4) phosphors were prepared by a solid-state reaction method, and the layered orthorhombic crystal structure of the samples was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Under...

Changes in Crystallite Size of Tricalcium Silicate during the Laboratory Grinding

2021 ◽  
Vol 321 ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Simona Ravaszová ◽  
Karel Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Solid State Reaction Method ◽  
Tricalcium Silicate ◽  
Planetary Mill ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Reaction Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Grinding Time

The paper is focused on one of the most important component of Portland clinker-on the tricalcium silicate. The study reported in this article is focuses on the changes in crystallite size of synthetic tricalcium silicate obtained using solid state reaction method. Crystallite size changes are monitored during the grinding in three types of laboratory mills in two different conditions. Changing in crystallite size at various grinding time up to 120 minutes are studied with the aid of X-ray diffraction and using the Scherrer equation. It has been found that the most efficient laboratory mill in terms of speed and fineness of the material was the planetary mill.

Karakterisasi Kekristalan dan Konstanta Dielektrik Barium Stronsium Titanat (BaxSr1-XTiO3) dengan Variasi Komposisi Barium Dan Stronsium Yang Dibuat Menggunakan Metode Solid State Reaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alpi Zaidah
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Pembuatan sampel barium stronsium titanat (BaxSr1-xTiO3) telah dilakukan dengan metode solid state reaction. Variasi komposisi mol Ba(x) untuk pembuatan sampel adalah x=0,4;0,3 dan 0,2. Sampel di-sintering pada suhu 1100oC dengan holding time 2 jam. Karakterisasi sampel dilakukan menggunakan peralatan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) untuk mengetahui tingkat kekristalan dan ukuran kristal dari sampel. Sedangkan untuk mengetahui besarnya konstanta dielektrik menggunakan RLC-Meter.  Berdasarkan analisa dengan software GSAS, parameter kisi BaxSr1-xTiO3 yang sintering pada suhu 1100°C untuk x=0,4 adalah a=b=c=3,947 nm. Parameter kisi a=b=c=3,947 nm untuk x=0,3, dan parameter kisi a=b=c=3,939 nm untuk x=0,2. Nilai parameter kisi a=b=c menunjukkan struktur kristal berbentuk kubik. Ukuran kristal berturut-turut untuk x=0,4;0,3 dan 0,2 adalah 65 nm, 66 nm dan 69 nm. Ukuran kristal semakin besar seiring dengan meningkatnya penambahan Sr. Pengukuran konstanta dielektrik (K) dilakukan pada rentang frekuensi 1 kHz. Nilai K sampel dengan x=0,4;0,3 dan 0,2 masing-masing sebesar 265, 277 dan 307.

scholarly journals Impact of Lithium Composition on Structural, Electronic and Optical Properties of Lithium Cobaltite Prepared by Solid-state Reaction

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Khatun ◽  
M. A. Gafur ◽  
M. S. Ali ◽  
M. S. Islam ◽  
M. A. R. Sarker
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Cathode Material ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Layered Crystal ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electronic And Optical Properties ◽  
Lithium Cobaltite

The lithium-cobalt oxide LixCoO2 is a promising candidate as highly active cathode material of lithium ion rechargeable batteries. The crystalline-layered lithium cobaltite has attracted increased attention due to recent discoveries of some extraordinary properties such as unconventional transport and magnetic properties. Due to layered crystal structure, Li contents (x) in LixCoO2 might play an important role on its interesting properties. LiCoO2 crystalline cathode material was prepared by using solid-state reaction synthesis, and then LixCoO2 (x<1) has been synthesized by deintercalation of produced single-phase powders. Structure and morphology of the synthesized powders were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Infrared spectroscopy, Impedance analyzer etc. The influence of lithium composition (x) on structural, electronic and optical properties of lithium cobaltite was studied. Temperature dependent electrical resistivity was measured using four-probe technique. While LixCoO2 with x = 0.9 is a semiconductor, the highly Li-deficient phase (0.75 ? x ? 0.5) exhibits metallic conductivity. The ionic conductivity of LixCoO2 (x = 0.5 – 1.15) was measured using impedance spectroscopy and maximum conductivity of Li0.5CoO2 was found to be 6.5×10-6 S/cm at 273 K. The properties that are important for applications, such as ionic conductivity, charge capacity, and optical absorption are observed to increase with Li deficiency. Keywords: Calcination; Characterization; Inorganic compounds; Solid-State reaction; X-ray diffraction. © 2014 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i2.17900 J. Sci. Res. 6 (2), 217-231 (2014)  

Superconducting Compound Hg0.8Sb0.2Ba2Ca2Cu3O8+δ Compared with Hg0.8Sb0.2Ba2Ca1Cu2O6+δ to Evaluate Transition Temperature

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Abbas K. Saadon ◽  
Kareem A. Jasim ◽  
Auday H. Shaban
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Solid State Reaction Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Reaction Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Superconducting Compound

The high temperature superconductor’s compounds are one of the hot spot field of science, due to their applications in industries. Hg0.8Sb0.2Ba2Ca2Cu3O8+δ and Hg0.8Sb0.2Ba2Ca1Cu2O6+δ, were manufactured using a doable-step of solid state reaction method. The samples were sintered at 800 ° C. The transition temperatures Tc are found from electrically resistively by using four probe techniques. The resistivity become zero when the transition temperature Tc(offset) have 131 and 119 K, and the onset temperature Tc(onset) have 139 K for Hg0.8Sb0.2Ba2Ca2Cu3O8+δ and 132 K for Hg0.8Sb0.2Ba2Ca1Cu2O6+δ. Analysis of X-ray diffraction showed a tetragonal structure with lattice parameters changes for all samples.

Bindung von Metall-Ionen an Dipeptide: Struktur von Thallium(I)-(3-benzyl-6-carboxylatomethyl-2,5-diketopiperazin) / Binding of Metal Ions by Dipeptides: Structure of Thallium(I) 3-Benzyl-6-carboxylatomethyl-2,5-diketopiperazine

1992 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 952-956
Author(s):  
P. Mikulcik ◽  
P. Bissinger ◽  
J. Riede ◽  
H. Schmidbaur
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Nitrogen Atom ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Carbonyl Oxygen ◽  
State Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Crystalline Product ◽  
Oxygen Atoms

Ester cleavage of aspartame (L-α-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methylester) (1), by equimolar quantities of thallium ethoxide is accompanied by intramolecular cyclisation to give thallium 3-benzyl-6-(carboxylatomethyl)-2,5-dioxopiperazine (2). The solid state structure of the crystalline product was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The cations were found to form four short and four elongated contacts to seven oxygen atoms and one nitrogen atom of a total of six neighbouring 3-benzyl-6-(carboxylatomethyl)-2,5-dioxopiperazine anions. There are inter-anionic hydrogen bonds only between the imino groups and the carbonyl oxygen atoms (O3, O4), featuring a pattern similar to that found for cytosine-guanosine contacts in DNA.

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