Effect of Frit Material on External Transport Numbers in Molten Salts

1982 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 706-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl-Axel Sjöblom ◽  
Richard W. Laity
Keyword(s):  
Boron Nitride ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Porous Glass ◽  
Interfacial Layer ◽  
Experimental Error ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
The Other ◽  
Transport Numbers ◽  
Measuring Techniques

Abstract Molten salt external transport numbers have been examined with respect to the possible in-fluence of the frit material. Improved measuring techniques revealed a slight temperature dependence for the transference of PbCl2 in Pyrex frits over the range 529 to 610°C, but generally con-firmed the values obtained by most of the earlier workers who used porous glass or related mate-rials. Within experimental error the figures were found to be identical in Pyrex frits of two different pore sizes. On the other hand, significant deviations were detected when a boron nitride frit was used. These experiments confirm that the transport properties of the interfacial layer between the melt and the solid depend on the nature of the solid.

Effect of Molten Salts on Synthesis and Upconversion Luminescence of Ytterbium and Thulium-Doped Alkaline Yttrium Fluorides

2018 ◽  
Vol 766 ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanataon Pornpatdetaudom ◽  
Karn Serivalsatit
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Laser Diode ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Upconversion Luminescence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ultraviolet Region ◽  
Molten Salt Method ◽  
Lower Intensity

Upconversion luminescence materials have recently received attentions because of theirs light conversion ability from infrared into visible and ultraviolet light. In this work, alkaline yttrium fluoride doped by ytterbium and thulium (AYF4: 20%Yb3+, 0.5%Tm3+) were synthesized by molten salt method at 400 °C for 2 hours with different eutectic molten salts, i.e. NaNO3-KNO3, NaNO3-LiNO3, KNO3-LiNO3, and NaNO3-KNO3-LiNO3. Pure hexagonal NaYF4 microrods were successfully synthesized using eutectic NaNO3-KNO3 molten salt. Under 980 nm laser diode excitation, upconversion luminescence in both visible and ultraviolet region was clearly observed. On the other hand, for the use of other eutectic molten salts containing LiNO3, the mixed phases of tetragonal LiYF4 and orthorhombic Y6O5F8 were obtained. These powders emitted only visible light with 10 times lower intensity than the hexagonal NaYF4 microrods synthesized using NaNO3-KNO3.

scholarly journals Concentrated Solar Power Plants with Molten Salt Storage: Economic Aspects and Perspectives in the European Union

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Bielecki ◽  
Sebastian Ernst ◽  
Wioletta Skrodzka ◽  
Igor Wojnicki
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Concentrated Solar Power ◽  
Eu Legislation ◽  
Solar Power Plants ◽  
Concentrated Solar Power Plants

Concentrated solar power plants belong to the category of clean sources of renewable energy. The paper discusses the possibilities for the use of molten salts as storage in modern CSP plants. Besides increasing efficiency, it may also shift their area of application: thanks to increased controllability, they may now be used not only to cover baseload but also as more agile, dispatchable generators. Both technological and economic aspects are presented, with focus on the European energy sector and EU legislation. General characteristics for CSP plants, especially with molten salt storage, are discussed. Perspectives for their development, first of all in economic aspects, are considered.

Electrochemical Studies on High-Temperature Corrosion of Silicon-Iron Coatings and Iron Aluminide Intermetallic Alloys by Molten Salts

CORROSION ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 489-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Amaya ◽  
J. Porcayo-Calderon ◽  
L. Martinez
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
High Temperature Corrosion ◽  
Iron Aluminide ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Silicon Iron ◽  
Salt Corrosion

Abstract The performance of Fe-Si coatings and an iron aluminide (FeAl) intermetallic alloy (FeAl40at%+0.1at%B+10vol%Al2O3) in molten salts containing vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) and sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) is reported. Corrosion and fouling by ash deposits containing V2O5 and Na2SO4 are typical corrosion problems in fuel oil-fired electric power units. High-temperature corrosion tests were performed using both electrochemical polarization and immersion techniques. The temperature interval of this study was 600°C to 900°C, and the molten salts were 80wt%V2O5-20wt%Na2SO4. Curves of corrosion current density vs temperature obtained by the potentiodynamic studies are reported, as well as the weight loss vs temperature curves from molten salt immersion tests. Both Fe-Si coatings and FeAl40at%+0.1at%B+10vol%Al2O3 showed good behavior against molten salt corrosion. The final results show the potential of these coatings and alloys to solve the high-temperature corrosion in fuel oil-fired electric power units.

scholarly journals Electrochemical Behavior of Al(III) and Formation of Different Phases Al-Ni Alloys Deposits from LiCl-KCl-AlCl3 Molten Salt

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2113
Author(s):  
Yaru Peng ◽  
Zeng Chen ◽  
Ying Bai ◽  
Qingqing Pei ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Deposition Potential ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Electrochemical Behaviors ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ni Alloys ◽  
Wave Voltammetry ◽  
Deposition Processes ◽  
Key Parameter

The electrochemical behaviors of Al(III) deposits on Ni substrates were investigated in LiCl-KCl-AlCl3 (2 wt.%) molten salts. Various electrochemical methods, including cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV), and open circuit chronopotentiometry (OCP) were used to explore the deposition processes of Al(III) on Ni substrates. Five kinds of Al-Ni alloys phase were firstly electrodeposited by the regulation of deposition potential form LiCl-KCl-AlCl3 (2 wt.%) molten salts at 753 K. The formation of Al-Ni alloys, such as AlNi3, Ni5Al3, AlNi, Al3Ni2, and Al3Ni were confirmed by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and the cross-section morphologies were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Meanwhile, it was found that the temperature of molten salt was another key parameter for the controlling of alloys phase. No Al-Ni alloys phase other than AlNi3 and Ni5Al3 could be deposited at 703 K.

TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF THE HALL EFFECT IN La2−xSrxCuO4 AND ABa2Cu3O7 (A=Y, Gd) HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS

1987 ◽  
Vol 01 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 1067-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Petravić ◽  
A. Hamzić ◽  
B. Leontić ◽  
L. Forró
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Hall Effect ◽  
Normal State ◽  
High Temperature Superconductors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hall Constant ◽  
High Temperature Superconducting ◽  
Superconducting Ceramics ◽  
Hall Effect Measurements

We present Hall effect measurements in the normal state of the high temperature superconducting ceramics La2−xSrxCuO4 (x=0, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3), YBa2Cu3o7 and GdBa2Cu3O7 . The first family has temperature independent Hall constant for x>0, while in the other two systems RH is proportional to 1/T. From the Hall effect it follows that the transport in these compounds is hole-like.

Thermodynamic properties of the binary molten salt systems, PbBr2-KBr, PbBr2-RbBr and PbBr2-CsBr, by measurement of the electromotive forces of galvanic cells

1981 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Bloom ◽  
MS White
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Complex Ions ◽  
Galvanic Cells ◽  
Salt Systems

The electromotive forces of galvanic cells for the formation of PbBr2 in the molten binary salt systems, PbBr2-KBr, PbBr2,-RbBr and PbBr2-CsBr, have been measured. Activities, activity coefficients and partial molar free energies have been calculated for each component of the three systems. Integral free energies of mixing have also been calculated. Various models of mixing of molten salts have been applied to the results. The systems contain complex ions, probably mixtures of PbBr42-, PbBr64- with some PbBr3-.

scholarly journals Thermal-hydraulics of internally heated molten salts and application to the Molten Salt Fast Reactor

2014 ◽  
Vol 501 ◽  
pp. 012030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Fiorina ◽  
Antonio Cammi ◽  
Lelio Luzzi ◽  
Konstantin Mikityuk ◽  
Hisashi Ninokata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Fast Reactor ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Thermal Hydraulics

scholarly journals Corrosion Behavior of Pure Cr, Ni, and Fe Exposed to Molten Salts at High Temperature

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Sotelo-Mazón ◽  
C. Cuevas-Arteaga ◽  
J. Porcayo-Calderón ◽  
V.M. Salinas Bravo ◽  
G. Izquierdo-Montalvo
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Refractory Compound ◽  
Open Circuit Potential ◽  
Passive Layer ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Metallic Surface ◽  
Weight Loss Method ◽  
Loss Method

Corrosion resistance of pure Fe, Cr, and Ni materials exposed in NaVO3molten salt at 700°C was evaluated in static air during 100 hours. The corrosion resistance was determined using potentiodynamic polarization, open circuit potential, and lineal polarization resistance. The conventional weight loss method (WLM) was also used during 100 hours. The electrochemical results showed that Fe and Cr have a poor corrosion resistance, whereas pure Ni showed the best corrosion performance, which was supported by the passive layer of NiO formed on the metallic surface and the formation of Ni3V2O8during the corrosion processes, which is a refractory compound with a higher melting point than that of NaVO3, which reduces the corrosivity of the molten salt. Also, the behavior of these materials was associated with the way in which their corresponding oxides were dissolved together with their type of corrosion attack. Through this study, it was confirmed that when materials suffer corrosion by a localized processes such as pitting, the WLM is not reliable, since a certain amount of corrosion products can be kept inside the pits. The corroded samples were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy.

A long-life rechargeable Al ion battery based on molten salts

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1282-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Song ◽  
Shuqiang Jiao ◽  
Jiguo Tu ◽  
Junxiang Wang ◽  
Yingjun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
High Rate ◽  
High Rate Capability ◽  
Aluminum Ion ◽  
Long Life

In this study, we established a rechargeable aluminum ion super battery with high-rate capability using a low temperature inorganic molten salt which is much cheaper, safer and environmentally friendly.

Molten Salts Synthesis of Relaxor Ferroelectrics PMN-PT Powders

2007 ◽  
Vol 336-338 ◽  
pp. 10-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Xi Zhao ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Feng Bing Song ◽  
Chun Hong Li ◽  
De Zhong Shen
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Solid Solutions ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Relaxor Ferroelectrics ◽  
Molten Salt Synthesis ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Compositional Homogeneity ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Temperature Time

Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) solid solutions with composition near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) (33mol% PT) were successfully synthesized by the molten salt synthesis (MSS) method at 800°C for 30min using Li2SO4-Na2SO4 and NaCl-KCl molten salts as a medium of reaction, respectively. The influences of processing parameters, such as temperature, time, and type of salts, on the formation and the micrographs characteristics of the PMN-PT powders were discussion. It was found that the PMN-PT powder obtained by the MSS method has a relatively uniform size distribution and a better dispersivity of particle, and an average size of PMN-PT particles with smooth surface was around 0.3∼0.5 μm. With other conditions being kept same, chloride molten salt is more propitious to the formation of PMN- PT solid solutions, and improving the compositional homogeneity of PMN-PT powders.

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